The Theory of Planned Behavior: Predicting Teachers’ Intentions and Behavior during Fitness Testing

The twofold purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument that assessed teachers’ intentions, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control to administer fitness tests effectively, and to determine how well the instrument could predict teachers’ intentions and actual behavior based on Ajzen’s (1985, 1991) theory of planned behavior. In the development phase of the study, 104 physical educators completed the pilot version of the survey to refine the instrument. In the prediction of behavior phase of the study, a convenience sample of 195 physical educators completed (a) the Teachers’ Intentions to Administer Physical Fitness Tests Effectively (TIAPFTE) before fitness testing and (b) a behavior self-report after they administered fitness testing. Standard multiple regression analyses showed perceived behavioral control and attitude significantly predicted intention. Furthermore, results showed that attitude significantly predicted teachers’ behavior directly.

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Examining intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors among Latino day laborers: An application of the theory of planned behavior

Health Promotion Perspectives ◽

10.34172/hpp.2021.45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 351-359

Author(s):

Javier Francisco Boyas ◽

Jana L. Woodiwiss ◽

Vinayak K. Nahar

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Day Laborers ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Latino Day Laborers

Background: The past two decades has revealed an unprecedented increasing incidence of skin cancer within the Latinx population. Although Latino day laborers (LDLs) are at heightened risk for developing skin cancer because of the outdoor work in which they engage, there is limited research examining their intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors (SPBs). Therefore, this study sought to assess the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify attitudinal, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors associated with intentions to engage in SPB among LDLs. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study consists of a non-random convenience,community-based, sample of 137 LDLs residing in Mississippi and Illinois. Data were collected using a self-report survey centered on health practices and sun-protective behaviors. Results: Findings revealed that five significant factors shaped intentions to engage in SPBs, including barriers to engaging in SPBs (β =.30, P<0.001), benefits of engaging in SPBs (β =.27,P<0.001), education (β=0.20, P<0.01), and acculturation (β=0.18, P≤0.05). The independent variables tested in the model accounted for 42% of the change in intentions to engage in SPBs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates TPB’s usefulness for predicting future intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs. Moreover, the strongest factor associated with predicting intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs was perceived behavioral control. Thus, since SPBs are malleable, emphasis is placed on implementing interventions for this population that promote intentions and address perceived behavioral control.

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Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Correct Posture in Operating Room Staffs

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n4p122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Ahmad Fakhri ◽

Isa Mohammadi Zeidi ◽

Hadi Morshedi

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Operating Room ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Actual Behavior ◽

Work Related ◽

Posture Maintenance ◽

Health Promotion Interventions

OBJECTIVE: Ergonomic risk factors such as prolonged and awkward postures increase the risk of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in operating room staffs. Understanding the factors influencing the prevalence of the WRMSDs is an essential step in any targeted health promotion interventions. This research aimed to determine the factors associated with correct posture maintenance based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) among the operating room staffs from educational hospital affiliated to Qazvin university medical sciences, in 2013.METHODS: A total of 130 subjects with mean ages of 31.2±6.38 years participated in this study. Demographic data and TPB constructs were assessed using reliable and valid scales. Path analysis, based on TPB components, was applied to determine specific factors that most contribute to and predict actual behavior toward correct posture maintenance.RESULTS: Psychometric properties of the model were consistent with the recommendations and results showed that variables were fit to the data. 58% of the variance in behavioral intention (BI) was described by the TPB constructs (P<0.05). Also, attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC) and BI explained 39% of the variance in maintenance of a correct posture (P<0.05). Consistent with predictions from the TPB, AT (βi=0.44, P<0.05) were the major predictors of BI. In addition, PBC (βi=0.52, P<0.05) and BI (βi=0.41, P<0.05) were the important factors that influence the maintenance of a correct posture in the operating room staffs.CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, TPB is a useful model to determine and to predict maintenance of a correct posture in the operating room staffs.

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The Role of Descriptive Norm within the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Korean Americans' Exercise Behavior

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/06.07.pr0.109.4.208-218 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 208-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hyo Lee

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Korean Americans ◽

Exercise Behavior ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Descriptive Norm ◽

Injunctive Norm

There are few studies investigating psychosocial mechanisms in Korean Americans' exercise behavior. The present study tested the usefulness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting Korean American's exercise behavior and whether the descriptive norm (i.e., perceptions of what others do) improved the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior. Using a retrospective design and self-report measures, web-survey responses from 198 Korean-American adults were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses. The theory of planned behavior constructs accounted for 31% of exercise behavior and 43% of exercise intention. Intention and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of exercise behavior. Although the descriptive norm did not augment the theory of planned behavior, all original constructs—attitude, injunctive norm (a narrow definition of subjective norm), and perceived behavioral control—statistically significantly predicted leisure-time physical activity intention. Future studies should consider random sampling, prospective design, and objective measures of physical activity.

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Factors Affecting Consumer Interest In Electronic Money Usage With Theory Of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Journal of Consumer Sciences ◽

10.29244/jcs.3.1.15-27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anton Nugroho ◽

Mukhamad Najib ◽

Megawati Simanjuntak

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Electronic Money ◽

Behavior Intention ◽

Strongly Agree

<pre>There are many factors that influence consumer intention to use electronic money. Based on the theory of planned behavior, behavior intention is formed by the attitude toward behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This research aims to analyze attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control that affect consumer intention in the usage of electronic money.Data collection from respondents through a structured questionnaire by self-report. Some questions in the questionnaire were made on a Likert scale with five variations of the answers in very strongly disagreeable order to strongly agree. The respondents are 290 undergraduate students that have never used server-based electronic money. The result showed that the attitude toward behavior did not a significantly affect the behavior intention. While the subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have a significant effect on the behavior intention in the usage of electronic money.</pre>

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Understanding support for European integration across generations: A study guided by the theory of planned behavior

Europe’s Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5964/ejop.v16i3.1844 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 437-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco La Barbera ◽

Icek Ajzen

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Voting Behavior ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Age Groups ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

The European Union ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Eu Integration

Recent events, such as failed constitutional referenda, low voting turnout in the European Union parliamentary elections, and the 2016 Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom call for a better understanding of people’s voting behavior in relation to the EU. The current study is the first attempt to use the theory of planned behavior to explore the antecedents of voting for EU integration in an Italian convenience sample (N = 441) of varying age. A structural equation model of voting intentions showed an excellent fit to the data, both for the whole sample and for subsamples of young vs. old participants. Perceived behavioral control, mainly determined by participants’ beliefs about the difficulties of exerting direct democratic control through citizenship and voting, had a significant effect on intentions to vote in favor of EU integration across age groups. In addition, older people’s intentions were also affected by their attitude towards EU integration, based primarily on their beliefs about losing national identity.

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The Applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Abusive Men’s Cessation of Violent Behavior

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.11.4.341 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 341-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Richard M. Tolman ◽

Jeffrey L. Edleson ◽

Michael Fendrich

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Abusive Behavior ◽

Tpb Model ◽

Violence Attitudes

This study examined the ability of Ajzen’s (1988; 1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explain men’s cessation of violent behavior. TPB suggests that a man’s intention to abuse his female partner, and therefore his subsequent abusive behavior will be determined by: (1) his evaluation of possible outcomes of abusive behavior (attitudes toward behavior); (2) his perception of the expectations of others around him concerning violence and (3) the degree to which he believes he can control his abusive behavior. Pretest self-report measures from men and follow-up recidivism data based on partner report were available for 176 cases drawn from a previous study conducted by Harrell (1991). Reliable proxy measures for TPB variables (intentions/expectations to use violence, attitudes toward behavior, social norms, perceived behavioral control) were created. Regression analyses testing the TPB model provided modest support for prediction of intention to reabuse and subsequent abusive behavior. Of the TPB variables, perceived control appeared to be most important in understanding batterers’ intentions to abuse and their subsequent abusive behavior. Refinement in measurements and the need for additional modifications to the model are discussed.

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A Psychological Process of Bureaucratic Whistleblowing: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior

The American Review of Public Administration ◽

10.1177/02750740211003345 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 027507402110033

Author(s):

Hongseok Lee ◽

Minsung Michael Kang ◽

Sun Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Psychological Process ◽

Public Employees ◽

The Public ◽

Using Data

Whistleblowing is a psychological process that involves the calculation of risks and benefits. While there exists a broad range of research on whistleblowing in the public sector, previous studies have not examined its entire process due to the limited focus on either whistleblowing intention or whistleblowing behavior. This study aims to fill this gap by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to the whistleblowing context. Specifically, we examine how individual beliefs about the likely consequences of whistleblowing (attitude toward whistleblowing), others’ expectations about whistleblowing (subjective norm), and the capability of blowing the whistle (perceived behavioral control) influence public employees’ actual whistleblowing by way of their intention to report wrongdoings. A series of structural equation models are tested using data from the 2010 Merit Principles Survey. The findings show that the more the employees perceive that the consequences of whistleblowing are important, the more the key referents support whistleblowing, and the more the protections for whistleblowers are available, the more likely are their intentions to disclose wrongdoings and then actually engage in whistleblowing behavior. We conduct additional analyses for internal and external whistleblowers separately and find that there are both meaningful similarities and differences between the two groups. This study provides support for the validity of TPB as a theoretical framework for better understanding and explicating the psychological process of bureaucratic whistleblowing.

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Red tape and change-supportive intention: an extension of the theory of planned behavior

Leadership & Organization Development Journal ◽

10.1108/lodj-07-2020-0286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hemin Ali Hassan ◽

Xiaodong Zhang ◽

Ahmad Bayiz Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Actual Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Red Tape ◽

Related Attitude ◽

The Relationship

PurposeThis paper builds on and extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by examining empirically the underlying mechanism through which red tape is associated with employee change-supportive intention (CSI). It investigates red tape as an antecedent of CSI and examines the mediation role of change-related attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control (PBC) in the relationship between red tape and CSI.Design/methodology/approachTo test the study's hypotheses, cross-sectional data were collected from 183 employees working at a public organization in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq that was going through a major change. Regression analyses and the PROCESS macro for SPSS were used.FindingsConsistent with our expectations, the results indicate that red tape negatively predicts CSI. Red tape also predicts change-related attitude, subjective norm and PBC, which consequently predict CSI. The results also reveal that the relationship between red tape and CSI is mediated by change-related attitude and subjective norm.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited in using cross-sectional data at a point in time and in investigating intention only, rather than actual behavior.Originality/valueWhile prior work shows that red tape is a relevant factor that may affect employee responses to change in public sector, the psychological processes on which this relationship is based are still not fully explained. Therefore, this is the first study that aims to shed some light on this relationship.

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Online Lactation Education for Healthcare Providers: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding Learning Outcomes

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334417724348 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 725-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amanda L. Watkins ◽

Joan E. Dodgson ◽

Darya Bonds McClain

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Evidence Based Practice ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Meaningful Learning ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Support Practices

Background: Breastfeeding competencies are not standardized in healthcare education for any of the health professions. A few continuing education/professional development programs have been implemented, but research regarding the efficacy of these programs is scarce. Research aim: After a 45-hour lactation course, (a) Does breastfeeding knowledge increase? (b) Do beliefs and attitudes about infant feeding improve? (c) Does perceived behavioral control over performance of evidence-based lactation support practices increase? and (d) Do intentions to carry out evidence-based lactation support practices increase? Methods: A nonexperimental pretest–posttest self-report survey design was conducted with a nonprobability sample of participants ( N = 71) in a lactation course. Theory of Planned Behavior variables were measured and a before–after course analysis was completed. Results: Significantly higher scores were found on the posttests for knowledge, beliefs about breastfeeding scale, and the perceived behavioral control scale. Participants’ self-efficacy increased after the course; their beliefs about social norms and their ability to effect change in their workplaces did not change significantly. Participants’ intention to perform actions that are consistent with the evidence-based breastfeeding supportive behaviors increased significantly. Positive beliefs about formula feeding significantly increased; this was unexpected. Conclusion: The Theory of Planned Behavior provided a useful approach for examining more meaningful learning outcomes than the traditional knowledge and/or satisfaction outcomes. This study was the first to suggest that more meaningful learning outcomes are needed to evaluate lactation programs. However, it is not enough to educate healthcare providers in evidence-based practice; the places they practice must have the infrastructure to support evidence-based practice.

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Intention to adopt cryptocurrency: a robust contribution of trust and the theory of planned behavior

Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences ◽

10.1108/jeas-10-2021-0204 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Bahadur Ali Soomro ◽

Naimatullah Shah ◽

Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Online Survey ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Intention To Adopt ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeAt present, the adoption of cryptocurrency investment has brought consideration to the globe. The present paper attempts to investigate the intention to adopt cryptocurrency (IACR) among the potential investors of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe theory of planned behavior (TPB) is applied to underpin the conceptual framework. The study uses a quantitative approach. The study collects cross-sectional data through an online survey questionnaire. In the last, the authors utilized 334 samples for outcomes.FindingsFindings of the SEM reveal a significant positive effect of attitude, subjective norms (SNs), perceived behavioral control (PBC) and trust on IACR.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of an investigation would develop further intention and trust towards cryptocurrency adoption. The results would support developing favorable policies regarding the reduction of the ban on cryptocurrency in Pakistan to make easier transactions of the investors further. Possibly, it brings several opportunities in all segments of society in making the digital transaction modes through cryptocurrency. Finally, the findings would further validate the TPB in the context of cryptocurrency.Originality/valueThe study provides a better understanding of cryptocurrency and investors IACR. The empirical evidence further develops the other individuals' intentions towards cryptocurrency usage.

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