Perception of Depth as Measured by Magnitude Estimation

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald V. Barrett ◽  
Thomas R. Williamson ◽  
Carl L. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Complex Scene ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

11 Ss used the magnitude estimation technique to judge depth in 3 three-dimensional scenes of varying complexity. Also S's perceptual style, as measured by the rod-and-frame test, was determined to test the hypothesis that perception of depth is significantly related to S's perceptual style. Each S was given 30 trials under 5 eye conditions, i.e., left eye occluded, right eye occluded (both aware and unaware of occlusion), and neither eye occluded. No significant relationship was found between various eye conditions and judgment of depth or between S's perceptual style and judgments. A significant relationship was found among scenes, with the more complex scene judged as having greater depth.

Field Dependence among Male and Female Alcoholics: II. Norms for the Rod-and-Frame Test

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Jacobson ◽  
Ann Van Dyke ◽  
Theodore G. Sternbach ◽  
Russell Brethauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

402 males and 160 females hospitalized for treatment of alcoholism were tested in a standardized manner on the Rod-and-frame test as a means of supplementing an earlier report of normative data on perceptual style among male alcoholics. When their performance was contrasted with that of normal and psychiatric samples, alcoholics were clearly the most field dependent of all groups studied. Statistically significant sex differences justify the need for separate norms for males and females.

Sports Skill Classification, Gender, and Perceptual Style

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Brady
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

This study was designed to examine the relationship of sport classification and gender to perceptual style. 102 male and female undergraduate students from open-skilled, closed-skilled and nonathletic groups were administered the Rod and Frame Test and the Embedded Figures Test. Analysis of variance indicated men to be more field independent than women on the Rod and Frame Test, while there were no gender differences on the Embedded Figures Test. Athletes performing open and closed skills scored significantly more field independent on the Rod and Frame Test than the nonathletes. There were no significant differences among the groups on the Embedded Figures Test. No correlation between the two measures of perceptual style was obtained.

Birth Order and Spatial-Perceptual Ability: Negative Note

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Culver ◽  
Frances Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Tactile Localization ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Perceptual Ability ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

No significant relationship was found between birth order (or family size) and scores on four tests of spatial-perceptual ability: the rod-and-frame test, Gottschaldt embedded figures, a test of laterality discrimination, and a test of tactile localization.

Psychological and Methodological Evaluation of the Components of Judging Accuracy

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1155-1169
Author(s):  
Jack Danielian
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Brooklyn College ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Methodological Evaluation ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Laboratory Measures

Components of judging accuracy in person perception were derived from paper-and-pencil measures, and the statistical origin and interpretation of each component discussed. To develop their psychological meaning, the components were related to laboratory measures of perceptual style (Ames Leaf Room and Witkin's Rod-and-Frame Test) and to selected personality variables. For 105 Brooklyn College summer students no relationship was found between the components and perceptual style but several low significant ( p ≤ .05) correlations were found with the personality measures. The broad attempt to establish external criteria by which to evaluate the components was judged only partly successful. However, some substantive issues present in the literature were illustrated by data and methodological problems of scoring and reliability discussed.

Assessment of visual field dependence: Comparison between the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test developed by Oltman in 1968 with a 2D computer-based version

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Isableu ◽  
Marc Gueguen ◽  
Benoît Fourré ◽  
Guillaume Giraudet ◽  
Michel-Ange Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Visual Field Dependence

The identification of subject’s perceptual style regarding multisensory integration is a central issue for spatial perception and sensorimotricity. In spatial orientation studies, the weighting of visual frame of reference (visual field dependence) is classically assessed by using verticality perception tasks, and especially the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test (3D RFT). The validation of a 2D computer-based version of the RFT by virtue of its portability would facilitate the identification of modes of spatial referencing for the design and evaluation of sensory and motor rehabilitation programs. We question here whether the computerized 2D RFT yields frame effects similar (in amplitude, direction) and correlated to those induced by the mechanical 3D RFT. In both devices, 35 young and healthy males’ subjects were seated and tasked with aligning a rod to the gravity vertical within a square frame that was tilted at 18Âř. The results showed significantly larger rod deviations from the verticality in the 3D RFT. 3D and 2D RFT errors significantly correlated but shared a small amount of common variance ( r 2 = 0.35). In addition, left-right tilt asymmetry changes from one device to another. These results suggest that the mechanical 3D RFT for verticality perception remains a more robust test for identifying the subject’s perceptual style.

Correlations among Field Dependence/Independence, Locus of Control and Self-Monitoring

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Leventhal ◽  
Howard Sisco
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

72 college students completed the Witkin Rod and Frame Test and the Group Embedded Figures Test as measures of Field Dependence/Independence, the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Snyder Self-monitoring Scale. Analysis indicated a small but significant relationship between scores on the first two tests but none between the second two. A significant correlation between scores on locus of control with the Group Embedded Figures Test and none with the Rod and Frame test, and a small but significant relationship between scores on self-monitoring with those on both measures of field dependence.

Perceptual Style and Speed Judgments

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Gerald V. Barrett ◽  
Carl L. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speed Estimation ◽  
Test Measure ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The relationship between the rod-and-frame-test measure of perceptual style and accuracy of speed estimation in an automobile simulator was determined for 23 Ss. No consistent relationships were obtained. The results were discussed in terms of individual differences and fidelity of simulation.

Relation Between Hidden Figures Test and Rod and Frame Test Measures of Perceptual Style

1968 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald V. Barrett ◽  
Patrick A. Cabe ◽  
Carl L. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Subjective Estimates of Body Tilt and the Rod-and-Frame Test

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Sigman ◽  
Donald R. Goodenough ◽  
Michael Flannagan
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Frame Tilt ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The existence of an illusion of self-tilt in the rod-and-frame test was demonstrated using a magnitude-estimation procedure. Subjects, seated in a tiltable chair, estimated their body tilt after being placed in one of 13 body tilt positions and while viewing a rod-and-frame display. A shift of the apparent body position occurred in the opposite direction of frame tilt. The results are consistent with earlier findings using the method of body and head adjustment.

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