Age Differences in Integration of Components of a Motor Task

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Todor
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Component C ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Total Movement Time

To study effects of practice on the ability of 6-, 11-, and 18-yr.-old Ss to integrate the components of the Rho task 3 groups of 50 boys performed 30 consecutive trials. (a) With practice all age groups improved in total movement time; (b) 11-yr.-old Ss attained the 18-yr.-olds' level of performance in both components, initial differences existing only in the linear component; (c) relative to the 18-yr.-old Ss, the 6-yr.-olds achieved proportionally less improvement in the linear component; (d) unlike 11- and 18-yr.-old Ss, the 6-yr.-olds evidenced increasing specificity of task components across trials. Unlike the two older age groups, the 6-yr.-old Ss were unable to achieve a high degree of integration of task components. The findings were discussed in light of Pascual-Leone's neo-Piagetian model of learning and development.

Investigating the Difficulty of One Degree of Freedom Positioning: Associating Movement Phases with Regions

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 965-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pastel
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Mouse Button ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Remaining Time ◽  
Total Movement Time

Positioning an object within specified bounds is a common daily computer task, for example making selections using a touch screen or positioning icons relative to each other. This experiment measured times for participants ( n = 145) to position rectangular cursors with various widths, p, within rectangular targets with various tolerances, t, in one dimension. The analysis divides the total movement time into three parts, the time for the cursor to touch the target, the time to enter the target after touching, and the centering time, the remaining time for participants to indicate that the cursor is completely within the target by clicking on the mouse button. The time to touch the target was modeled well by the initial cursor-target separation, r2/sup> = 0.95. The entering time was modeled well by log2( p/t + 1), r2/sup> = 0.99, and the centering time was modeled well by r2/sup> = 0.94

Evaluation of the Helicopter Emergency Breathing Apparatus on Egress Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 962-965
Author(s):  
Michael King ◽  
Elizabeth Sanli ◽  
Kaitlin Mugford ◽  
Stefanie Martina ◽  
Robert Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Breathing Apparatus ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Sequence Performance ◽  
Total Movement Time

BACKGROUND: Emergency helicopter landing at sea is dangerous. Specialized training, known as helicopter underwater escape training (HUET), prepares occupants to quickly exit the helicopter, which often inverts and sinks. In most jurisdictions, helicopter occupants are equipped with a helicopter underwater egress breathing apparatus (HUEBA) to provide sufficient air for escape. HUET trainees report that the HUEBA is easy to use, but it is well known that learners are often overconfident in their judgement of learning. To better understand how the HUEBA affects HUET sequence performance, we investigated whether using the HUEBA influences the sequence movement time and number of errors.METHODS: Twelve participants (7 men and 5 women, mean age 25.33 9.57 SD) with no prior experience with HUET performed consecutive trials of the HUET sequence, 5 with the HUEBA and 5 without the HUEBA. Video of each trial recorded the total movement time and enabled movement time analyses of each component of the sequence: crossing arms, tucking the head, pushing the window, inserting the regulator, and releasing the seatbelt. These recordings were also used to score performance errors according to a checklist.RESULTS: Analyses revealed that using a HUEBA increased the total movement time and time to release the seatbelt by 0.36 and 0.39 s, respectively, in comparison to without the HUEBA.DISCUSSION: Our study illustrates that using the HUEBA during the HUET sequence increases total movement time and time to release the seatbelt. However, this difference is marginal and unlikely to have practical significance during underwater escape.King M, Sanli E, Mugford K, Martina S, Brown R, Carnahan H. Evaluation of the helicopter emergency breathing apparatus on egress performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):962965.

Control of sequential movements: evidence for generalized motor programs

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Carter ◽  
D. C. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Pronator Teres ◽  
Movement Sequence ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Total Movement Time

The neuromotor processes underlying the control of rapid sequential limb movements were investigated. Subjects learned to pronate and supinate their forearms rapidly to four target locations in a specific spatio-temporal pattern under two movement-time conditions. The response sequence was first performed in a total movement time of 600 ms. Subjects were then told to produce the movement as quickly as possible while ignoring any timing pattern that they had previously learned. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the biceps brachii and pronator teres muscles. Kinematic and EMG analyses were performed to investigate the temporal characteristics underlying the two movement-time conditions. When subjects produced the response as quickly as possible, average movement time to perform each reversal movement decreased while average peak velocity increased. Average total movement time was reduced by approximately 100 ms. Although movement time decreased, the proportion of total time to perform each movement of the sequence remained essentially invariant between movement-time conditions. Similar results were obtained for velocity. The time at which peak velocity was achieved occurred earlier in absolute time, although when normalized to the proportion of total movement time, the time to reach peak velocity was also invariant. Thus subjects proportionally compressed the entire movement sequence in time. The EMG analysis demonstrated that total EMG time decreased 89 ms on the average when subjects sped up the movement sequence. Thus average burst durations for both the biceps and pronator teres muscles decreased when movement speed increased. When burst durations were normalized to a proportion of total EMG time, the average proportion of time each muscle was active remained invariant. Therefore, the temporal pattern of activity for the biceps and pronator teres muscles were also proportionally compressed. The present experiment provided additional evidence for the structure of generalized motor programs consisting of invariant and variant features. Movement speed was considered a variant feature, which is specified each time the program is executed. Relative timing, the proportion of total time to produce each segment of the response, was considered to be an invariant feature and inherent in the structure of the motor program. Support for the invariance of relative timing was observed at both the kinematic and neuromuscular levels of analyses. Alternative models (9-11, 24) were found inadequate to account for the invariance of relative timing with the variation in movement time observed in the present experiment.

Age Differences in Remote Pointing Performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang H. Hsu ◽  
Chien C. Huang ◽  
Yang H. Tsuang ◽  
Jui S. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Pointing Device ◽  
Pointing Movements

The purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in remote pointing movements. The subjects were recruited from three age groups (ages 18–22 yr., 40–50 yr., and 60–70 yr., with 9 men and 9 women in each group). They were required to perform cursor-positioning tasks using a remote pointing device, in which the dependent measures were the time taken to reposition the cursor and the accuracy of subjects' movement trajectories. The movement time was further separated into two components, First Submovement duration and Adjustment Submovement duration. Analysis indicated that age groups showed reduced performance on remote pointing. Moreover, remote positioning movement for the young-adult group was mostly completed in their First Submovement phase, while the elderly subjects spent most of their movement time on the Adjustment Submovement phase. These results support the proposition that different age groups exhibit different kinds of movement patterns.

scholarly journals Stereoacuity predicts total movement time in a fronto-parallel prehension task

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Angelica Godinez ◽  
Alyson Kishi ◽  
Mariela Hernandez ◽  
Preeti Verghese ◽  
Dennis Levi
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Total Movement Time

scholarly journals Motor planning in old age: Response time on a manipulative task

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Cássio de Miranda Meira Júnior ◽  
Flavio Henrique Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Transversal Study

In a transversal study with the use of a manipulative motor task, reaction and movement time of young (61 to 66 years old) and older elderly (67 to 81 years old) were measured. Subjects performed the task with the preferred hand in response to a visual and an auditory stimulus. Results showed that (a) reaction time values were the same for the both age groups; (b) movement time values were higher in older elderly; and (c) on both ages, the nature of the stimulus (visual or auditory) did not affect reaction and movement time. Results were discussed in the light of information processing background.

scholarly journals Countermovement-Jump-Phase Characteristics of Senior and Academy Rugby League Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. McMahon ◽  
Shannon Murphy ◽  
Sophie J.E. Rej ◽  
Paul Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Temporal Phase ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Total Movement Time ◽  
Maximal Effort ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose:Gross measures of countermovement-jump (CMJ) performance are commonly used to track maturational changes in neuromuscular function in rugby league (RL). The purpose of this study was to conduct both a gross and a more detailed temporal-phase analysis of the CMJ performances of senior and academy RL players, to provide greater insight into how neuromuscular function differs between these groups.Methods:Twenty senior and 14 academy (under-19) male RL players performed 3 maximal-effort CMJs on a force platform, with forward dynamics subsequently employed to allow gross performance measures and entire kinetic– and kinematic–time curves to be compared between groups.Results:Jump height (JH), reactive strength index modified, concentric displacement, and relative concentric impulse (C-IMP) were the only gross measures that were greater for senior players (d = 0.58–0.91) than for academy players. The relative force- and displacement–time curves were similar between groups, but the relative power– and velocity–time curves were greater (d = 0.59–0.97) for the senior players at 94–96% and 89–100% of the total movement time, respectively.Conclusions:The CMJ distinguished between senior and academy RL players, with seniors demonstrating greater JH through applying a larger C-IMP and thus achieving greater velocity throughout the majority of the concentric phase and at takeoff. Therefore, academy RL players should train to improve triple (ie, ankle, knee, and hip) extension velocity during the CMJ to bring their JH scores in line with those attained by senior players.

Video Games and Emotion Regulation

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Preferences

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

The Physician’s Task and the Problem of Documentation

1964 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Proppe
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Lupus Vulgaris ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
High Degree

SummaryCase histories suitable for statistical evaluation can be found even as far back as in the Corpus Hippocraticum. Such simple data as the patient’s age, body weight, size, the date of menarche, etc. are practically always included in the case records, and it is demonstrated that, when such data are recorded in a system of documentation suitable for mechanical sorting, it may enable us to draw conclusions of very great importance. Mechanical registration methods have revealed that, in the determination and recording of data as hitherto carried out. there has been a surprisingly large number of errors and a high degree of unreliability. This view has a considerable influence on modern clinical methods; it renders a more democratic relation between physician and patient necessary and makes clear the need for measures to enhance the reliability of diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions. The author illustrates this view with reference to the mechanical falsification of the thesis of the proneness of early age groups to lupus vulgaris, furthermore with reference to the mechanical rationalization of modern routine diagnostic methods, to the constant surveillance of adverse effects on public health and to the protection against allergic reactions with the aid of recording systems of personal allergy and intolerance data with mechanical sorting and computer techniques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document