Satiation Effects with Reversible Figures

Three experiments were performed to examine the rate at which reversible perspective figures (Necker cubes) undergo apparent reversal, as a function of selected stimulus variables. 100 subjects were instructed not to inhibit or to promote reversals of perspective, but to remain neutral. The data indicated: (1) an incomplete cube reverses less frequently than does a corresponding complete figure, (2) two adjacent cubes reverse in synchrony when of equal luminance but often out of phase when differing in luminance, (3) a shift of the cube's retinal position causes its reversal rate to drop to baseline level. These results suggest that the reversal effect increases over time due to a localized rather than general process, and are thus compatible with a sensory satiation model of perceptual alternation.

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Jumpy and Jerky: When Peripheral Vision Faces Reverse-Phi

i-Perception ◽

10.1177/2041669520939107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 204166952093910

Author(s):

Jean Lorenceau ◽

Patrick Cavanagh

Keyword(s):

Apparent Motion ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Reversal Rate ◽

Motion Processing ◽

Central Vision ◽

Positional Uncertainty ◽

Motion Energy ◽

Motion Speed ◽

Over Time

When an annulus in fast apparent motion reverses its contrast over time, the foveal and peripheral percepts are strikingly different. In central vision, the annulus appears to follow the same path as an annulus without flicker, whereas in the periphery, the stimulus seems to randomly jump across the screen. The illusion strength depends on motion speed and reversal rate. Our observations suggest that it results from a balance between conflicting phi and reverse-phi motion, positional uncertainty, and attention. In addition to illustrating the differences between central and peripheral motion processing, this illusion shows that both discrete positional sampling and motion energy combine to generate motion percepts, although with eccentricity dependent weights that are themselves affected by attention.

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Task variety and counterproductive work behavior

Journal of Managerial Psychology ◽

10.1108/jmp-02-2017-0048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 581-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Manuela Morf ◽

Anja Feierabend ◽

Bruno Staffelbach

Keyword(s):

Baseline Level ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽

Work Behavior ◽

Content Type ◽

Task Variety ◽

The Relationship ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between task variety and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and the relationship between change in task variety and change in CWB. CWB is proposed as being a behavior that serves as an outlet by which employees can express displeasure and acts as a substitute for a lack of interest when task variety is low. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed survey data that were collected at two points in time (T1 and T2) from 515 employees with different occupations working in Switzerland. Findings Task variety at T1 negatively related to organizational CWB (CWB-O) at T2 and interpersonal CWB (CWB-I) at T2. Task variety at T1 was also related to a change in CWB-O and a change in CWB-I. However, change in task variety showed a non-significant relationship to change in CWB-O and change in CWB-I. Research limitations/implications Results indicated that employees tend to respond with CWB when task variety is permanently low and that CWB may even increase over time. Further studies that examine the dynamics between task variety and CWB are therefore recommended. Practical implications Findings inform the practice on the potentially harmful effects of unstimulating work designs and therefore have implications for how to better prevent CWB. Originality/value The two-wave data collection allowed for differentiation between the effect of the baseline level of task variety at T1 on CWB at T2 and the effect of a change in task variety on a change in CWB.

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Differences in Top—Down Influences on the Reversal Rate of Different Categories of Reversible Figures

Perception ◽

10.1068/p2973 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1185-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Daniel Strüber ◽

Michael Stadler

Keyword(s):

Reversal Rate ◽

Top Down ◽

Reversible Figures

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Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000365 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David Hirshleifer ◽

Siew Hong Teoh

Keyword(s):

Cultural Evolution ◽

Social Transmission ◽

Cognitive Approach ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Economic Attitudes ◽

The Social ◽

Economic Beliefs ◽

Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

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Do student perceptions of their dental curriculum change over time?

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1998.62.11.tb03260.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 934-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NW Berk ◽

JM Close ◽

RJ Weyant

Keyword(s):

Student Perceptions ◽

Curriculum Change ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Dental Curriculum ◽

Over Time

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Articulatory Generalization in Two Word-Medial, Ambisyllabic Contexts

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1903.251 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 251-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Virginia I. Wolfe ◽

Suzanne D. Blocker ◽

Norma J. Prater

Keyword(s):

Common View ◽

Perceptual Salience ◽

The Common ◽

Unitary Concept ◽

Over Time

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.

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Treatment Fidelity Procedures for an Aphasia Intervention Within a Randomized Controlled Trial: Design, Feasibility, and Results

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-cac48-18-0227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1S) ◽

pp. 412-424

Author(s):

Elissa L. Conlon ◽

Emily J. Braun ◽

Edna M. Babbitt ◽

Leora R. Cherney

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Treatment Fidelity ◽

Protocol Adherence ◽

Study Condition ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Aphasia Therapy ◽

Percent Accuracy ◽

Over Time

Purpose This study reports on the treatment fidelity procedures implemented during a 5-year randomized controlled trial comparing intensive and distributed comprehensive aphasia therapy. Specifically, the results of 1 treatment, verb network strengthening treatment (VNeST), are examined. Method Eight participants were recruited for each of 7 consecutive cohorts for a total of 56 participants. Participants completed 60 hr of aphasia therapy, including 15 hr of VNeST. Two experienced speech-language pathologists delivered the treatment. To promote treatment fidelity, the study team developed a detailed manual of procedures and fidelity checklists, completed role plays to standardize treatment administration, and video-recorded all treatment sessions for review. To assess protocol adherence during treatment delivery, trained research assistants not involved in the treatment reviewed video recordings of a subset of randomly selected VNeST treatment sessions and completed the fidelity checklists. This process was completed for 32 participants representing 2 early cohorts and 2 later cohorts, which allowed for measurement of protocol adherence over time. Percent accuracy of protocol adherence was calculated across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition (intensive vs. distributed therapy). Results The fidelity procedures were sufficient to promote and verify a high level of adherence to the treatment protocol across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition. Conclusion Treatment fidelity strategies and monitoring are feasible when incorporated into the study design. Treatment fidelity monitoring should be completed at regular intervals during the course of a study to ensure that high levels of protocol adherence are maintained over time and across conditions.

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Percutaneous Tracheostomy: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders ◽

10.1044/vvd18.2.87 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 87-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vinciya Pandian ◽

Thai Tran Nguyen ◽

Marek Mirski ◽

Nasir Islam Bhatti

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Quality Assurance ◽

Data Collection ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽

Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽

Prospective Data ◽

Comprehensive Service ◽

Over Time

Abstract The techniques of performing a tracheostomy has transformed over time. Percutaneous tracheostomy is gaining popularity over open tracheostomy given its advantages and as a result the number of bedside tracheostomies has increased necessitating the need for a Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program. The Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program at the Johns Hopkins Hospital is a comprehensive service that provides care to patients before, during, and after a tracheostomy with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at decreasing complications. Education is provided to patients, families, and health-care professionals who are involved in the management of a tracheostomy. Ongoing prospective data collection serves as a tool for Quality Assurance.

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