Structured Time and Subjective Acceleration of Time

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Subjective Change ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
The Individual

The present paper gives some evidence that differences in subjective time acceleration with aging are correlated with differences in the extent to which time is structured for the individual, as opposed to free time. Lemlich's 1975 hypothesis relating this speeding up of time to the subjective duration of the time interval was only partially supported by the evidence. Subjective change perceptions of happiness were not correlated significantly with this phenomenon of time perception.

QUANTUM MICROGENESIS: EVOLUTION, SYNCHRONICITY, AND TENSELESSNESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Mark Germine
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mixed State ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe

Quantum nonlocality is described in the context of a subjective duration that has a period of unconscious simultaneity of potentials that are reduced to an actual observably-identical mixed state of consciousness that deposits time and duration at the end of the mental state. Quantum microgenesis involves the observer as the agent of experience, which is a single continuum from depth to surface in the genesis of the mental state, repeating prior states of the individual. Microgenesis is generalized as prior becomings going back to the inception of the Universe. Synchronicity is the fundamental principle of Mind, Self, and consciousness. Mind is always One, which cannot be multiplied. Synchronicity is beyond any process of inanimate quantum nonlocality. It is outside of the physics, as Mind is based on the actualization of the mixed state of the human mind rather than the single quantum eigenstate given by the physics. Consciousness is thus a process of an irreducible and indivisible Mind in ourselves and the acausal realm of synchronicity. The mental-physical process evolves from the unconscious subjective time in the period of simultaneity, proceeding to the actuality of the mixed state of consciousness through synchronicity in its operative role as manifestation of Mind. Periods of unconscious duration and simultaneity exist as potential and only become actual at the synchronous moment of conscious observation at the end of the cyclical mental state.

Ratio Judgments of Empty Durations with Numeric Scales

Perception ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Nakajima ◽  
Seishi Nishimura ◽  
Ryunen Teranishi
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Empty Time Interval ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Empty Time

A study is reported on the perception of empty time intervals marked by auditory signals. Nakajima's supplement hypothesis, which states that the subjective duration of a subjectively empty time interval is proportional to its physical duration plus a constant of ~80 ms, was examined quantitatively. Although this hypothesis has been used to explain various general aspects of time perception, from a global viewpoint, it has lacked the quantitative data necessary to describe the shape of the psychophysical functions mathematically. In the present study, subjects used two positive numbers to estimate the subjective ratio ( m: n) between the durations of two serial or separate empty intervals. The psychophysical functions for empty durations 50–600 ms long could be approximated by a straight line with a positive y-intercept, as predicted by the hypothesis. The effective range of the hypothesis could be extended to ~1200 ms. A power function (without any modifications) also gave good approximations. The reliability and validity of the supplement hypothesis are discussed.

A New Illusion of Time Perception

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Nakajima ◽  
Gert Ten Hoopen ◽  
René Van Der Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Common Marker ◽  
Standard Duration ◽  
Empty Time Interval ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Empty Time

When two very short time intervals are presented serially by sound markers (in such a way that they share a common marker) the subject's duration judgments of the second time interval can be affected by the duration of the first interval. Such a conspicuous effect has not been reported in the literature. Standard empty time intervals of 120, 240, 480, and 720 msec were preceded by a neighboring empty time interval of various physical durations, and subjects adjusted a comparison empty time interval to the same subjective duration as these standards. We found clear underestimations of the standard duration when its physical duration was 120 msec. For example, when the preceding duration was 45 msec, the relative underestimation was about 40%. Because such a stable and remarkable underestimation appeared in a very simple situation, this phenomenon may be called a new illusion. Such an illusion did not appear when the time interval to be judged was succeeded by another time interval. At present we cannot explain the illusion, but in the general discussion we attempt to relate it to some findings in rhythm perception.

Official Advice Improves Mortgage-Holders’ Perceptions of Switching: Experimental Evidence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Switching Process ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Encouraging consumers to switch to lower-rate mortgages is important both for the individual consumer’s finances and for functioning competitive markets, but switching rates are low. Given the complexity of mortgages, one potential regulatory intervention that may increase switching rates is to provide independent advice on how to select good mortgage products and how to navigate the switching process. Working with a government consumer protection agency, we conducted an experiment with mortgage-holders to test whether such advice alters perceptions of switching. The experiment tested how (i) the attributes of the offer, (ii) perceptions about the switching process, (iii) individual feelings of competence and (iv) comprehension of the product affect willingness to switch to better offers, both before and after reading the official advice. The advice made consumers more sensitive to interest rate decreases, especially at longer terms. It also increased consumers’ confidence in their ability to select good offers. Overall, the findings imply that advice from policymakers can change perceptions and increase switching rates. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates how lab studies can contribute to behaviourally-informed policy development.

Inducing Cortical Plasticity to Manipulate and Consolidate Subjective Time Interval Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoyasu Honma ◽  
Shoko Saito ◽  
Takeshi Atsumi ◽  
Shin‐ichi Tokushige ◽  
Satomi Inomata‐Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Interval Production

Discounting Time and Time Discounting: Subjective Time Perception and Intertemporal Preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Zauberman ◽  
B. Kyu Kim ◽  
Selin A. Malkoc ◽  
James R. Bettman
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Intertemporal Preferences ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Within Subjects

Consumers often make decisions about outcomes and events that occur over time. This research examines consumers' sensitivity to the prospective duration relevant to their decisions and the implications of such sensitivity for intertemporal trade-offs, especially the degree of present bias (i.e., hyperbolic discounting). The authors show that participants' subjective perceptions of prospective duration are not sufficiently sensitive to changes in objective duration and are nonlinear and concave in objective time, consistent with psychophysical principles. More important, this lack of sensitivity can explain hyperbolic discounting. The results replicate standard hyperbolic discounting effects with respect to objective time but show a relatively constant rate of discounting with respect to subjective time perceptions. The results are replicated between subjects (Experiment 1) and within subjects (Experiments 2), with multiple time horizons and multiple descriptors, and with different measurement orders. Furthermore, the authors show that when duration is primed, subjective time perception is altered (Experiment 4) and hyperbolic discounting is reduced (Experiment 3).

LONG‐TIME RESPONSE PREDICTED BY EXACT ELASTIC RAY THEORY

Geophysics ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Formal Solution ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Figures

The formal solution for an axially symmetric radiation field in a multilayered, elastic system can be expanded in an infinite series. Each term in the series is associated with a particular raypath. It is shown that in the long‐time limit the individual response functions produced by a step input in particle velocity are given by polynomials in odd powers of the time. For rays which suffer m reflections, the degree of the polynomials is 2m+1. The total response is obtained by summing all rays which contribute in a specified time interval. When the rays are selected indiscriminately, the difference between the magnitude of the partial sum at an intermediate stage of computation and the magnitude of the correct total sum may be greater than the number of significant figures carried by the computer. A prescription is stated for arranging the rays into groups. Each group response function varies linearly in the long‐time limit and goes to zero when convolved with a physically realizable source function.

Time Estimation Performance Before, during and after Physical Activity

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 985-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mihaly ◽  
P.A. Hancock ◽  
M. Vercruyssen ◽  
M. Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Experimental Findings

An experiment is reported which evaluated performance on a 10-sec time interval estimation task before, during and after physical work on cycle ergometer at intensities of 30 and 60% VO2max, as scaled to the individual subject. Results from the eleven subjects tested indicate a significant increase in variability of estimates during exercise compared to non-exercise phases. Such a trend was also seen in the mean of estimates, where subjects significantly underestimated the target interval (10 seconds) during exercise. Subjects also performed more accurately with information feedback than without knowledge of results, but they were still not able to overcome the effects of exercise. As suggested by the experimental findings, decreased estimation accuracy and increased variability can be expected during physical work and is part of a body of evidence which indicates that exercise and its severity has a substantive impact on perceptual and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Time perception and age

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Fernanda Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Gabriel Pina Paiva ◽  
Natália Prando ◽  
Carla Renata Graça ◽  
João Aris Kouyoumdjian
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Clock System ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test

ABSTRACT Our internal clock system is predominantly dopaminergic, but memory is predominantly cholinergic. Here, we examined the common sensibility encapsulated in the statement: “time goes faster as we get older”. Objective To measure a 2 min time interval, counted mentally in subjects of different age groups. Method 233 healthy subjects (129 women) were divided into three age groups: G1, 15-29 years; G2, 30-49 years; and G3, 50-89 years. Subjects were asked to close their eyes and mentally count the passing of 120 s. Results The elapsed times were: G1, mean = 114.9 ± 35 s; G2, mean = 96.0 ± 34.3 s; G3, mean = 86.6 ± 34.9 s. The ANOVA-Bonferroni multiple comparison test showed that G3 and G1 results were significantly different (P < 0.001). Conclusion Mental calculations of 120 s were shortened by an average of 24.6% (28.3 s) in individuals over age 50 years compared to individuals under age 30 years.

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