change perceptions
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Author(s):  
D. Liliana González-Hernández ◽  
Raúl A. Aguirre-Gamboa ◽  
Erik W. Meijles

AbstractManaging and reducing the impacts of climate change depends on efficient actions from all societal scales. Yet, the household component is often missing from climate research, debate, and policies. This is problematic because households have been found to significantly contribute to of global greenhouse gas emissions and therefore have the potential to be part of a solution to climate change by mitigating climate change. This study seeks to understand which factors drive household-level mitigation actions. We conducted a household survey in Nuevo Leon, located in northeastern Mexico, to explore the extent to which climate change perceptions and the sociodemographic characteristics of households influence their reported mitigation performances and their perceived mitigation efforts. Results from linear regression analyses and generalized linear models revealed that sociodemographic characteristics are key drivers of the households’ perceived mitigation efforts and reported mitigation performances and. We also found that climate change perceptions drive a household’s efforts to mitigate climate change. These results could partly explain why despite the efforts households take to mitigate climate change, achieving an effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is challenging without further access to resources such as education and financial support. If governments intend to realize substantial reductions in future emission pathways, then household-level mitigation should be addressed with proper support.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14060
Author(s):  
Heekyun Oh ◽  
Seongjun Yun ◽  
Heechan Lee

This study estimates the economic value of the Daecheong Dam for the public function of responding to climate change. It examines the moderating effect of climate change perceptions on value estimates by applying choice experiments (CE). The study specifies three dam function attributes—drought management (DM), flood control (FC), and water quality monitoring (WM)—subdivided into three levels to improve the existing conditions. Survey data from 603 households living in Daejeon, Chungbuk, and Chungnam have been collected to perform the CE. Subsequently, two clusters—high-involvement and low-involvement groups—have been extracted, based on the climate change perception index. The main results of comparing the marginal willingness-to-pay between the two clusters are as follows. The attributes and price variable significantly affected the choice probability to benefit from improvements in the rational signs of the coefficients. This does not violate the independence of the irrelevant alternatives assumption. The improvement values of high-involvement and low-involvement groups are estimated as KRW 21,570 and KRW 14,572 a year per household, respectively. Both show the same value intensities in the order of WM, DM, and FC.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Dwyer ◽  
Helen McAneney ◽  
Fionnuala M. Rogers ◽  
Robert Joyce ◽  
Sinéad M. Hynes

Abstract Background Eligibility guidelines in research trials are necessary to minimise confounds and reduce bias in the interpretation of potential treatment effects. There is limited extant research investigating how being deemed ineligible for such trials might impact patients’ perceptions of themselves and of research. Better understanding of the impact of patient ineligibility could enhance design and implementation of future research studies. Methods Eight semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to explore the impact of ineligibility on self-perceptions; perceptions regarding the nature of research; and the likelihood of expressing interest in future research. Data were collected and analysed thematically through inductive, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results Five themes emerged regarding the experience of being deemed ineligible: (1) Being deemed ineligible is emotion and reaction evoking; (2) ‘Doing your bit’: Helping others and increasing the value of research; (3) Communication of ineligibility; (4) Appreciation for those who express interest; and (5) Subsequent perceptions and attitudes towards research. Conclusions The results suggest that being deemed ineligible can elicit negative emotional outcomes but is not likely to change perceptions of or attitudes towards research, possibly due to a desire to help similar others. Ineligibility can impact future participation in some cases, thus reducing the recruitment pool for subsequent research studies. Recommendations are provided to help minimise this risk. Advising of ineligibility in a personal way is recommended: with enhanced clarity regarding the reasoning behind the decision; providing opportunities to ask questions; and ensuring that appreciation for the patient’s time and interest are communicated.


BMJ Leader ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. leader-2020-000436
Author(s):  
Kizanne James-McCarthy ◽  
Andrew Brooks-McCarthy ◽  
Dawn-Marie Walker

BackgroundEven though women outnumber men enrolled in medical school, making up 59% of entrants in the UK, they are significantly under-represented in academic medicine and senior positions. In the UK, 28.6% of academics overall are women. In the USA, while 51% of instructors are women, only 20% make it through the ‘leaky pipeline’ to become professors. One attributable factor is work–family conflict. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between work–family conflict and women’s career progression in academic medicine, and to provide a model to inform and change perceptions and practice in order to improve the ‘leaky pipeline’.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify qualitative studies which investigated this relationship. Studies were critically appraised, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Themes identified in the data were used to develop a model to build on the understanding of this issue.FindingsThe findings of this research highlighted two main themes, one related to perceptions of gender (intrinsic or extrinsic), the way it impacts on work–family conflict and its relationship to women’s career progression. The second theme relates to structures which hinder or support women’s ability to have work–life balance. A model was developed that represents the inter-relationship between these factors.InterpretationChanges in both organisational culture and individuals’ perception in regard to gender roles, especially of those in leadership, are necessary to create an environment where the best talent in academic medicine is selected regardless of gender.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Iftita Rahmi

Abstract An inclusive society is a society that involves all elements and aims to empower and promote social, economic, and political diversity. In an inclusive society, everyone can participate effectively and live together. To realize an inclusive society, we need an understanding of the importance of an inclusive education system that has an important impact on the development and maintenance of education for all (Education for All / EFA). Inclusive education in Indonesia still has many gaps, including low acceptance from peers which can lead to acts of harassment / bullying. This harassment action arises because of the low understanding of the community especially peers towards individuals with special needs (IBK). Whereas support from peers is able to increase IBK interaction with other friends, increase IBK involvement in academic activities, social participation, initiate new friendships for IBK. For this reason, friends need to improve their empathy skills so that they can provide support for IBK. This community service activity is carried out to adolescents with discussion activities, peer tutoring, and role play to change perceptions and increase empathy for IBK   Key words –training, empathy, bullying, individual with special needs   Abstrak Masyarakat inklusif merupakan masyarakat yang melibatkan semua unsur dan bertujuan untuk memberdayakan dan mempromosikan keberagaman social, ekonomi, dan politik. Dalam masyarakat inklusif, semua orang dapat berpartisipasi secara efektif dan hidup bersama. Untuk mewujudkan masyarakat inklusif, diperlukan pemahaman akan pentingnya sistem pendidikan inklusif yang memiliki dampak penting dalam perkembangan dan mempertahankan pendidikan untuk semua (Education for All/EFA). Pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia masih terdapat banyak ketimpangan, diantaranya rendahnya penerimaan dari teman sebaya yang dapat berujung pada tindakan perundungan/bullying. Tindakan perundungan ini muncul karena rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat terutama teman sebaya terhadap individu berkebutuhan khusus (IBK). Padahal dukungan dari teman sebaya merupakan dapat meningkatkan interaksi IBK dengan teman-teman lainnya, meningkatkan keterlibatan IBK dalam kegiatan akademik, partisipasi sosial, memulai pertemanan baru bagi IBK. Untuk itu teman sabaya perlu meningkatkan kemampuan empati agar dapat memberikan dukungan bagi IBK. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan kepada remaja dengan kegiatan diskusi, tutor sebaya, dan roleplay untuk mengubah persepsi dan meningkatkan empati terhadap IBK.   Kata kunci –pelatihan, empati, bullying, individu berkebutuhan khusus


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254574
Author(s):  
Florian Wanders ◽  
Astrid C. Homan ◽  
Annelies E. M. van Vianen ◽  
Rima-Maria Rahal ◽  
Gerben A. van Kleef

Norm violators demonstrate that they can behave as they wish, which makes them appear powerful. Potentially, this is the beginning of a self-reinforcing loop, in which greater perceived power invites further norm violations. Here we investigate the possibility that sanctions can break this loop by reducing the power that observers attribute to norm violators. Despite an abundance of research on the effects of sanctions as deterrents for norm-violating behavior, little is known about how sanctions may change perceptions of individuals who do (or do not) violate norms. Replicating previous research, we found in two studies (N1 = 203, N2 = 132) that norm violators are perceived as having greater volitional capacity compared to norm abiders. Qualifying previous research, however, we demonstrate that perceptions of volition only translate into attributions of greater power in the absence of sanctions. We discuss implications for social hierarchies and point out avenues for further research on the social dynamics of power.


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