Grapheme Development in Handicapped Children's Drawings

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Martin Krampen
Keyword(s):  
Body Schema ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
German Children ◽  
Physically Handicapped

According to F. Olivier children's drawings are composed of basic shapes called graphemes. Three sets of these graphemes develop between the ages of 3 and 5 yr. A cross-cultural study had shown no difference in grapheme development between Turkish and German children. When the drawings of physically handicapped children were compared with those of normally developing children, a significant difference was found in the third step of grapheme development, the production of symmetrical graphemes. Physically handicapped children are retarded by comparison with normally developing ones in rendering graphemes symmetrical. The reason for this might by asymmetry in their body schema.

Acquiring Cultural Forms: Cognitive Aspects of Socialization Illustrated by Children's Drawings and Judgments of Drawings

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline J. Goodnow ◽  
Paula Wilkins ◽  
Leslie Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
Cultural Comparisons ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
Children’S Exposure

To explore how children come to adopt cultural forms of representation, three studies are presented. Study 1 asks about children's ability to discriminate between 'younger' and 'older' pieces of work, with 'younger and 'older' distinguished on the basis of Developmental Drawing Status (Harris 1963). Study 2 asks about children's preferences and the extent to which they match those of teachers. Study 3 asks about the differences between drawings children produce for themselves and those they produce when asked by an adult for a 'good' drawing. The underlying assumption is that one condition influencing developmental change is children's exposure to work by adults or by older children. The results point to ways of combining cross-cultural comparisons of performances with monocultural work on processes underlying children's productions. They also raise questions about patterns of exposure in any cultural context and about factors involved in the development of discriminations, preferences, and audience expectations.

Socio-Economic Status and Mental Morbidity in certain Tribes and Castes in India — a Cross-Cultural Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Nandi ◽  
S. P. Mukherjee ◽  
G. C. Boral ◽  
G. Banerjee ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultural Pattern ◽  
Caste Groups

SummaryThe authors made a field-survey of mental morbidity in all the tribal and caste groups residing in a cluster of villages in West Bengal, India, and found that, in each group, higher socio-economic classes had higher rates of mental morbidity. Different groups having a similar cultural pattern showed no significant difference in their rates of morbidity. Groups having different cultural patterns differed significantly in their rates of morbidity. In the tribal groups some neurotic disorders were absent.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Study on the Cognitive Traits That Affect Hindsight Bias —Focusing on Holistic-Analytic Thinking and Conservatism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Jung
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Holistic Thinking ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
East West

This study is an attempt to replicate a certain theory about the East-West cultural differences in cognitive tendencies. Nisbett (2003) theorized that there are cultural differences in cognitive styles between Eastern and Western societies, with Eastern societies tending towards holistic thinking and connecting objects through relationships and Western societies tending towards analytic thinking and sorting objects through categorization. Whereas Westerners tend to see the essence of nature itself, Easterners tend to focus on the harmony and interaction between humans and objects. As an extension of this claim, Choi and Nisbett (2000) indicate that Koreans have stronger hindsight bias than Westerners. However, this study successfully invalidated their studies, demonstrating that there was little East-West difference in the way of thinking and Koreans' strong hindsight bias resulted from their higher conservatism compared to Westerners. The results found no significant difference in hindsight bias between Koreans and Westerners. In addition, there was no East-West difference in categorization-relationship and essence-interaction preferences, although conservatism was found to be higher in Koreans than Westerners. The multiple regression model showed that the differences in such preferences did not affect hindsight bias and conservatism was the only factor that increased hindsight bias.

Organizing principle in 4- to 8-year-old children's drawings of embedded geometric shapes

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Magnan ◽  
René Baldy ◽  
Jean-Francisque Chatillon
Keyword(s):  
Drawing Process ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
Action Grammar ◽  
Figure Drawing ◽  
Execution Order ◽  
The Way

This study looks at the way children aged 4 to 8 organize the execution of three drawings composed of simple geometric shapes (a circle, a rectangle or square, a triangle, and a diamond). In the first two experiments, we analyze the execution process used to copy and draw from memory, and we attempt to determine how this process evolves with age. The results showed that the “centripetal” execution order, where subjects drew the shapes in the outside-to-inside direction, was already prevalent in 4-year-olds. The third experiment was aimed at assessing the frequency and stability of this drawing process. We superimposed transparencies of simple geometric shapes in front of the subject's eyes. The results showed that the order in which the shapes were presented had an effect on the drawing process and how it evolved with age. They also showed that the centripetal execution principle had stabilized by the age of 8. The centripetal execution principle appears to act like the syntactic rules in the action grammar that governs elementary figure drawing.

The development of intent-based moral judgment and moral behavior in the context of indirect reciprocity: A cross-cultural study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-533
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Wenwen Hou ◽  
Liqi Zhu ◽  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
German Children

The current study aimed to investigate the cultural differences in the developmental origins of children’s intent-based moral judgment and moral behavior in the context of indirect reciprocity. To this end, we compared how German and Chinese children interpret and react to antisocial and prosocial interactions between puppets. An actor puppet performed either a positive or negative act toward a prosocial or antisocial target puppet with the intention to cause harm or not; 197 three and five-year-old children participated as a third party and were asked to judge the actor puppet’s behavior and to distribute stickers. Results showed that 3-year-old Chinese children were able to take intention and context into account when making moral judgments and distributing resources, whereas German children did not show sensitivity to intention until the age of 5. These findings suggest that culture may mediate children’s intent-based moral judgment and moral behavior in the context of indirect reciprocity.

A cross-cultural study on the use of gestures: Evidence for cross-linguistic transfer?

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE PIKA ◽  
ELENA NICOLADIS ◽  
PAULA F. MARENTETTE
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linguistic Transfer ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

Anecdotal reports provide evidence of so called “hybrid” gesturer whose non-verbal behavior of one language/culture becomes visible in the other. The direction of this gestural transfer seems to occur from a high to a low frequency gesture language. The purpose of this study was therefore to test systematically 1) whether gestural transfer occurs from a high frequency gesture language to a low frequency gesture language, 2) if the frequency of production of some gesture types is more likely to be transferred than others, and 3) whether gestural transfer can also occur bi-directionally. To address these questions, we investigated the use of gestures of English–Spanish bilinguals, French–English bilinguals, and English monolinguals while retelling a cartoon. Our analysis focused on the rate of gestures and the frequency of production of gesture types. There was a significant difference in the overall rate of gestures: both bilingual groups gestured more than monolingual participants. This difference was particularly salient for iconic gestures. In addition, we found that French–English bilinguals used more deictic gestures in their L2. The results suggest that knowledge of a high frequency gesture language affects the gesture rate in a low-frequency gesture language.

Human Figure Drawings as Indicators of Value Development among Thai Children

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry W. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Human Figure Drawings ◽  
Figure Drawings

Use of children's drawings as an approach to the study of social and cultural values of national groups is described. Support for the “value hypothesis” that children tend to draw the kind of person they admire or one who is favorably viewed by society is provided through a study of 500 drawings by eight- to thirteen-year-old boys and girls in Thailand. Findings indicate general preference for modern dress, oriental facial features, and smiling faces. Oriental features and traditional dress occur most often among drawings of women by boys, while girls stress Caucasian features in their drawings of men. Both sexes ascribe religious content more often to drawings of women and represent more men in diversified social roles. Areas of possible future cross-cultural collaboration are suggested and discussed.

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