Effects of Contextual Interference on Retention of Three Volleyball Skills

1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. French ◽  
Judith E. Rink ◽  
Peter H. Werner
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Contextual Interference ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Practice Condition ◽  
Produce Change ◽  
Class Period ◽  
Practice Trials

Previous research in motor learning has shown that random practice schedules facilitate retention and transfer of motor skills more than repetitive practice schedules. The purpose of this study was to investigate the generalizability of contextual interference effects. High school students (63 boys, 76 girls) from three physical education class periods were randomly assigned to one of three practice conditions, random, random-blocked, or blocked practice within a class period. Three teachers were randomly assigned to a practice group within a class period and taught a different practice condition each class period. There were nine groups with three practice groups per class period. Subjects practiced the volleyball forearm pass, set, or overhead serve for 30 trials every day for nine class periods. All subjects recorded scores for their practice trials each day during acquisition and were posttested after a 2-day retention interval. Analysis of variance indicated significant improvement in all groups but no significant effects of practice condition during acquisition or retention. These findings suggest that practice was long enough to produce change during acquisition. However, factors characteristic of physical education classes may reduce or mask contextual interference effects commonly observed in other settings.

Contextual Interference Effects on the Transfer and Retention of a Gross Motor Skill by Mildly Mentally Handicapped Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Porretta
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Interference ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Practice Condition ◽  
Transfer And Retention ◽  
Practice Trials ◽  
Bean Bag ◽  
Gross Motor Skill

This study investigated the effects of contextual interference on the immediate transfer and 2-day retention of a bean bag tossing task by mildly mentally handicapped children. A total of 24 boys and 24 girls with a mean chronological age of 10.2 years were randomly assigned to either a blocked, serial, or random practice condition. Following 48 practice trials with bean bags of various weights, subjects were transferred to two novel weighted bean bags. Both transfer and retention analyses showed that subjects in the random practice condition exhibited less error than subjects in either the blocked or serial practice conditions. However, these differences were not significant. Boys performed with significantly less error than girls on both transfer and retention, while regardless of gender, the heavier weighted bean bag resulted in significantly less error on transfer only. Results provide marginal support for the contention that greater contextual interference (random practice) leads to better transfer and retention than other types of practice conditions.

The relationship between physical education and sports school students' positive thinking skill levels and their attitudes to learning: Comparison by gender and years of exercising

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-760
Author(s):  
Alparslan Ince ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
School Students ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between physical education and sports high school students' positive thinking skill levels and attitudes of learning in terms of gender and years of doing sports. The study is a descriptive method, one of the quantitative research methods. The study group consisted of 280 (age: 20.98 ± 1.390) university students from School of Physical Education and Sports in Ordu university. As a result, it was concluded that the students' positive thinking skills were at a high level, and the nature of learning, anxiety, expectation, and openness to learning sub-dimensions of the attitude tolearning scale were at high levels. It was concluded that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the nature of learning, Expectation, and openness to learning, and positive thinking skill from sub-dimensions of the attitude to learning scale, but there is a negatively significant relationship between anxiety and positive thinking skills

Reliability and Validity Evidence for the Social Goal Scale-Physical Education (SGS-PE) in High School Settings

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Guan ◽  
Ron E. McBride ◽  
Ping Xiang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Social

Two types of social goals associated with students’ academic performance have received attention from researchers. One is the social responsibility goal, and the other is the social relationship goal. While several scales have been validated for measuring social relationship and social responsibility goals in academic settings, few studies have applied these social goal scales to high school students in physical education settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, validity, and generalizability of the scores produced by the Social Goal Scale-Physical Education (SGS-PE) in high school settings. Participants were 544 students from two high schools in the southern United States. Reliability analyses, principal components factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multistep invariance analysis across two school samples revealed that the SGS-PE produced reliable and valid scores when used to assess students’ social goal levels in high school physical education settings.

scholarly journals Goals and Their Associations with Beliefs about Success in and Perceptions of the Purposes of Physical Education

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Walling ◽  
Joan L. Duda
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Physical Education Class ◽  
School Students ◽  
Know How ◽  
Education Class ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship of students’ goal orientation to their beliefs about what leads to success in physical education and perceptions of the purposes of physical education. High school students (N = 144,78 females and 66 males) completed a modified version of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and measures of beliefs and perceived purposes specific to physical education class. Results indicated that students high in task orientation were significantly more likely to believe that success is achieved through intrinsic interest/effort/cooperation than were those low in task orientation. High ego-oriented students believed that success is achieved when students possess high ability more so than low ego-oriented students. The high task/low ego students were most likely to reject the notion that success in physical education occurs when students know how to use deceptive tactics and were less likely to perceive that an important function of physical education is to provide an easy class.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Attitudes of Students Attending Non-Inclusive School Towards Inclusive Physical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nemček ◽  
Julie Wittmannová
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Inclusive School

Summary The objective of the study was to determine and compare the attitudes of high school students of the non-inclusive school towards inclusive physical education according to gender. This study deepened the knowledge about the students’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with physical and intellectual disabilities. The research sample comprised a total of 181 able-bodied high school students (56 boys and 125 girls) attending one non-inclusive high school in Bratislava, Slovakia. Modified Czech version of the CAIPE (Children’s Attitude toward Inclusive Physical Education) questionnaire was used as a primary research method. Girls presented higher levels of positive attitudes towards inclusive physical education (IPE) in goal achievement, motivation, and motor skills learning. Boys showed a higher level of positive attitudes in the self-confidence of students with disabilities through IPE. In the goal achievement, girls expressed a significantly higher positive attitude towards IPE in students with intellectual disabilities inclusion (U = 2817, p = 0.029, r = 0.168). The highest level of a positive attitude toward IPE declared both genders by society inclusion and the lowest level of positive attitude by motor skills acquisition. Slovak students of a non-inclusive high school showed a positive attitude toward IPE for the inclusion of pupils with physical as well as intellectual disabilities.

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