Single Trial versus Maximal or Mean Values for Evaluating Strength in Individuals with Mental Retardation

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Glenn Roswal ◽  
Ron Croce ◽  
Frank Seagraves
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

The purpose of the investigation was to use hand-held dynamometry to compare a single trial versus maximal or mean values of muscular strength in individuals with mental retardation. Twenty-three subjects classified as moderately mentally retarded (12 male, 11 female) performed three trials on six muscle groups. The magnitudes of the first, maximal, and mean isometric force across muscle groups were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance and the Greenhouse-Geiser adjustment for the critical level of significance. Data analysis revealed a significant main muscle group effect and measurement score effect, but no significant differences between a single trial and mean of three trials. However, there was a significant difference between the first or mean scores and maximal scores. Intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrated consistency across muscle groups. Findings support the use of a single trial or mean of three trials to document muscular strength in individuals with mental retardation.

scholarly journals Ruminal parameters and ruminal degradability of feedlot sheep fed safflower grains

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-335
Author(s):  
Jefferson Leonardo Rocha Alves ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Antônio Campanha Martinez ◽  
Aguinaldo Yoshio Nakamura ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Times

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the rumen degradability of dry matter (DM), disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of Tifton 85 hay, and fermentation parameters (pH and ruminal ammonia nitrogen) of sheep fed diets with inclusion of safflower grains (0, 7.50 and 15%). Three mixed breed lambs with average body weight of 35.50± 1.50 kg were used. The rumen degradability of dry matter and NDF of the Tifton 85 haywas analyzedby the disappearance of DM and NDF, and the kinetic parameters adjusted according to the first order asymptotic model. The samples were incubated in the rumen in descending order (96, 48, 24, 12, 6, 3, 0 hours). The determination of ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia nitrogen (RAN) was performed before feeding and 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. Data of ruminal fermentation were tested by analysis of variance with repeated measures in time, at 5% probability. Ruminal pH values were not statistically different. When evaluating the RAN, there was a significant difference between the times and treatments for the diet with 15% safflower. The diets presented low effective degradability of DM and NDF with mean values of 18.02% and 47.40%, respectively. The safflower grain can be used up to 7.50% in the diets without altering the degradability and ruminal fermentation.

Magnitude and Reliability of Measurements of Muscle Strength across Trials for Individuals with Mental Retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Ron Croce ◽  
Glenn Roswal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the magnitude and reliability of strength measures on the Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester for individuals with mental retardation. 17 subjects were given six trials with the dominant and nondominant flexor and extensor muscle groups. No significant differences were found between dominant and nondominant muscle groups by side or by muscle group. Interclass correlations ranged from .96 to .98 for six and three trials, respectively. It was concluded that the test was appropriate for reliably assessing strength in this population and that these individuals can achieve a sufficient magnitude on three trials for a reliable measure of strength.

Accuracy of Pedometers and Walking Activity in Adults with Mental Retardation

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi I. Stanish
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

Walking is a common physical activity reported by individuals with mental retardation (MR). This study examined the accuracy and feasibility of pedometers for monitoring walking in 20 adults with MR. Also, step counts and distance walked were recorded for one week. Pedometer counts were highly consistent with actual step counts during normal and fast paced walking on two ground surfaces. Intraclass correlation coefficients were above .95. A t-test revealed no gender differences in walking activity. A 2 × 2 ANOVA indicated that participants with Down Syndrome (DS) accumulated significantly fewer step counts than those without DS and participants walked more on weekdays than weekends.

scholarly journals A Clinical Shoulder Proprioception Test Shows Good Reliability, and Decreased Shoulder Joint Position Sense Due to Local Fatigue in Handballers: A Repeated Measures Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sutton ◽  
Marie Ohlsson ◽  
Ulrik Röijezon
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specialized Equipment

Abstract Background: Assessment of shoulder proprioception outside the laboratory in the absence of specialized equipment remains a challenge with field-based tests often lacking good reliability, validity and feasibility. This study aimed to enhance the knowledge base surrounding the assessment of shoulder proprioception and investigated the effect of fatigue on shoulder joint position sense (JPS) amongst amateur male handball players.Method: 27 healthy recreationally active participants and 13 amateur male handball players undertook two sessions of active JPS tests using laser pen technology and a calibrated 2-dimensional target to assess test-retest reliability. The active JPS test was then utilized on the subgroup of handball players who were subjected to five bouts of a repeated throwing task in order to investigate the effect of local fatigue on shoulder JPS. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient for the active JPS test was 0.78 (95% CI = [0.57; 0.89]). Standard error of measurement between trials was 0.70° (range 0.57°-0.90°). For the throwing task, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction for arm x bout (F5=2.74, p=0.028) and a significant effect for arm (F1=5.85, p=0.034). Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between throwing arm and non-throwing arm after throwing bout one (p=0.036), three (p=0.026) and four (p=0.041). Conclusion: Assessment of the active JPS test showed acceptable reliability and measurement error. Repeated throwing to fatigue decreased shoulder JPS in amateur male handball players which indicate validity of the test to identify reduced proprioception.

Family Perceptions of Future Programming Needs in a Sample of Individuals with Mental Retardation

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra D. Nicks ◽  
A. Yancy Villa ◽  
Angela M. Reeves ◽  
Kathryn J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Family Perceptions ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

The present study examined parents' perceived programming needs of their children with mental retardation. Parents (44 mothers, 8 fathers) of individuals attending programming in an agency for mental retardation responded to a telephone survey. Analysis showed parents were most concerned about future housing needs. A significant difference was found between older and younger parents in their perception of future needs.

scholarly journals Muscular Strength and Hydroxyproline Concentration in Urine After Different Flexibility Training Protocols

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olavo de Almeida ◽  
Adriane de Oliveira Sampaio ◽  
Mário Conceição ◽  
Vivian Paranhos ◽  
Danielli Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hydroxyproline Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexibility Training ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Training Protocols

Muscular Strength and Hydroxyproline Concentration in Urine After Different Flexibility Training ProtocolsThe objective of this study was to evaluate variation in the lumbar spine extension (LSE) muscular strength index and the hydroxyproline (HP) urinary concentrations as a function of flexibility training with maximum intensity (flexibilizing) statically, by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and submaximally. The sample population - with an age of 17.13 ± 1.23; body mass of 63.23 ± 6.36 kg; height of 173.62 ± 5.465 cm and body fat percentage of 10 ± 3.62% - comprised 60 male individuals divided randomly into four equal groups: CG (control), StrG (stretching), SFG (static flexibilizing) and PNFG (flexibilizing by PNF). The statistical program SPSS 14.0 for Windows was used to perform a Shapiro Wilk test to verify the normality of the data and Levene's test to analyze the homogeneity of the sample, repeated measures ANOVA for multiple comparisons among groups and the Tukey's HSD Post Hoc test to determine the statistical difference within groups of the variables. A significance level of 95% (p<0.05) was adopted. The results showed a significant difference in LSE between PNFG and CG (D% = 11%; p = 0.029). It can be concluded that the practice of PNF increased strength in the study group.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mind–Body Intervention for Inflammatory Conditions: Results from a 26-Week Randomized, Non-Blinded, Parallel-Group Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3107
Author(s):  
Thao Thi Nguyen ◽  
Christian G. Jensen ◽  
Lina Khoury ◽  
Bent Deleuran ◽  
Esther S. Blom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biopsychosocial Intervention

Biopsychosocial intervention has been suggested as a complementary treatment strategy for patients with chronic conditions. We compared the effect of a mind–body intervention (MBI), relative to treatment-as-usual (TAU) on WHO-5 Well-being Index during an intensive period of 12 weeks and follow-up at week 26 among patients with either psoriasis (PsO) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The MBI was based on the ‘Relaxation Response Resiliency Program’ and the ‘Open and Calm Program’, as well as ‘Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction’ (MBSR). The trial was randomized, management-as-usual, and controlled. Statistical analyses were based on the intention-to-treat population using repeated measures and mixed effects models (NCT03888261). We screened 39 potential participants, 35 of which (PsO, n = 20; RA, n = 15) met the eligibility criteria and were randomized: 17 in the MBI group and 18 in the TAU group. Attrition from the intervention program was 19%, with 65% of MBI patients and 71% of TAU patients completing the outcome assessments. After 12 weeks, a statistically significant difference in WHO-5 was observed between the groups (p = 0.019). However, according to the protocol, during the entire trial period, the average (least squares mean values) WHO-5 score was higher although not statistically significant in the MBI group (65.3) compared with the TAU group (59.1), corresponding to a between-group difference over 26 weeks of 6.15 (95% CI: −0.26 to 12.56; p = 0.060). All things considered, adding biopsychosocial intervention to clinical practice to patients with conditions, such as PsO and RA, could potentially improve health-related quality of life.

scholarly journals The Reliability of a Functional Agility Test for Water Polo

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Tucher ◽  
Flávio Antonio de Souza Castro ◽  
Nuno Domingos Garrido ◽  
Antonio José Rocha Martins da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Reliability Measures ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractFew functional agility tests for water polo take into consideration its specific characteristics. The preliminary objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an agility test for water polo players. Fifteen players (16.3 ± 1.8 years old) with a minimum of two years of competitive experience were evaluated. A Functional Test for Agility Performance (FTAP) was designed to represent the context of this sport. Several trials were performed to familiarize the athlete with the movement. Two experienced coaches measured three repetitions of the FTAP. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), 95% limit of agreement (LOA), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurements (SEM) were used for data analysis. It was considered that certain criteria of reliability measures were met. There was no significant difference between the repetitions, which may be explained by an effect of the evaluator, the ability of the players or fatigue (p > 0.05). The ICC average from evaluators was high (0.88). The SEM varied between 0.13 s and 0.49 s. The CV average considering each individual was near 6-7%. These values depended on the condition of measurement. As the FTAP contains some characteristics that create a degree of unpredictability, the same athlete may reach different performance results, increasing variability. An adjustment in the sample, familiarization and careful selection of subjects help to improve this situation and enhance the reliability of the indicators.

Comparison of Open Kinetic Chain Knee and Hip Extension to Closed Kinetic Chain Leg Press Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
John LaFree ◽  
Amy Mozingo ◽  
Teddy Worrell
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Extension

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship of isokinetic quadriceps and hip extensor peak torque to isokinetic leg press peak torque and to determine the influence of hip position (seated vs. supine) on leg press peak torque. Forty subjects (20 males and 20 females) were tested bilaterally on the isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects were tested during knee extension, hip extension, seated leg press, and supine leg press. Intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement values revealed acceptable reliability for all tests. An analysis of variance revealed significant dominant versus nondominant differences in all tests except hip extension. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between seated and supine leg press peak torque. Finally, stepwise regression revealed a significant relationship between knee extension and leg press peak torques, with hip extension adding only minimally to the explained variance. These data suggest that knee extension and leg press peak torque assess similar muscle performance characteristics. Further research involving electromyographic analysis is recommended to determine the influence of other muscles on leg press force performance.

scholarly journals Azithromycin and Full-Mouth Scaling For the Treatment of Generalized Stage III and IV Periodontitis: A 6-Month Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Alcione M. S. D. Oliveira ◽  
Fernando O. Costa ◽  
Letícia Mara R. Nogueira ◽  
Sheila C. Cortelli ◽  
Peterson A. D Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Paired Student ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract The effectiveness of azithromycin combined with full-mouth scaling procedures was compared to quadrant-wise scaling combined with the same dosage of azithromycin when treating periodontitis patients over a 6-month period. In this randomized clinical trial study, thirty-four individuals diagnosed with generalized stage III and IV periodontitis underwent baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post-treatment examinations. The study population was randomly assigned to either full-mouth scaling (FMS) or quadrant-wise scaling and root planning (QSRP) in addition to their taking of systemic azithromycin (500 mg/day) for three consecutive days. Periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were monitored along with the quantification of total bacterial load and red complex bacterial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) in subgingival samples by real time polymerase chain reaction. The volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was also monitored over time. The primary outcomes included improvements of PD and CAL. Data was statistically analyzed through a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, multiple least significant difference (LSD) comparisons, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and paired Student t-tests (p<0.05). FMS and QSRP provided similar PD, CAL, GI, PI, and GCF improvements. After treatment, the FMS group displayed lower mean values of total bacterial load and red complex bacterial species in comparison to the QSRP group. FMS and QSRP in conjunction with systemic azithromycin appeared to be an effective and reliable short-term therapeutic approach for the treatment of generalized stage III and IV periodontitis. However, FMD demonstrated superiority in regard to the 6-month antibacterial effects when compared to QSRP.

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