Parental Representation of Children during the First Year of Life: A Longitudinal Comparison of Mothers' and Fathers' Responses on Semantic Differential Scales

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zennaro ◽  
Adriana Lis
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Parental Representation ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this paper was to investigate parental representation over time using a specially devised Semantic Differential Scale, developed in the context of longitudinal research, carried out during children's first two years of life. 42 parent-couples, during their first experience of parenthood were asked separately to rate the concept of “my child” in specific periods of their child's first year of life. The analysis highlighted the complexity of parental representation of babies.

scholarly journals Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bernabé ◽  
H. Ballantyne ◽  
C. Longbottom ◽  
N.B. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

scholarly journals The influence of mothers' and fathers' sensitivity in the first year of life on children's cognitive outcomes at 18 and 36 months

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-E. Malmberg ◽  
S. Lewis ◽  
A. West ◽  
E. Murray ◽  
K. Sylva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
First Year Of Life

Haematological profile in foals during the first year of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (16) ◽  
pp. 503-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Faramarzi ◽  
Lon Rich
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Foals’ haematological values change constantly during their first year of life. The use of updated age-based reference intervals (RIs) is imperative for providing accurate diagnosis and optimum care for sick foals. The authors' objective was to provide updated RIs for 13 haematological values in 2, 7, 14, 30, 90, 180 and 365-day-old foals and to investigate the changes over time in each measured value. Venous blood was collected at those ages from clinically healthy foals. Thirteen haematological values were analysed. The 95% RIs were reported using a bootstrapping method. Differences over time were examined using Friedman test. RIs for each of the measured values were calculated. Results showed noticeable trends in changes over time in several values. Nevertheless, white blood cell counts significantly increased between day 2 and day 90 (P=0.011) while lymphocyte counts increased from day 2 up to day 180 (P=0.033). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (P=0.011) significantly decreased between day 2 and day 90. Normal haematological values in foals not only differ from those in adult horses but also change throughout the first year of life; thus, it is critical that clinicians use age-based RIs when treating sick foals.

School Children's Responses on a Semantic Differential over a 10-Year Span

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Helwig ◽  
Nanci Avitable
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Over Time

A semantic differential scale was administered to 208 school children when they were in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth grades. Their perceptions towards two concepts were measured, Education (going to school) and Work (having a job). Each semantic differential scale had 15 adjective pairs and reflected the three underlying factors of Evaluative, Potency, and Activity. Because the study was conducted for 10 years (ages seven to 18), the changing cognitive developmental stages of the children were expected to influence factor analytic and reliability results. Confirmatory factor analysis, which forced the data into three factors, did not clearly identify the expected three factors, although more items loaded on the three factors with age. An exploratory factor analysis identified a trend across grades from six to four factors over time. Reliability also improved across age groups. Caution should be exercised when using the semantic differential with young children in investigations of abstract concepts.

An Ecological Approach to Tracking Battered Women Over Time

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen H. Rumptz ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan ◽  
William S. Davidson ◽  
Joanna Basta
Keyword(s):  
Battered Women ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Mobile Population ◽  
Advocacy Program ◽  
Termination Point ◽  
Over Time

The current study examined the difficulties inherent in using an experimental, longitudinal design to determine the effects of an advocacy program designed to increase battered women’s access to community resources. The current research employed a multitude of techniques to follow battered women over the first year following their stay at a shelter for women with abusive partners. The tracking rate was very successful; 96% were found and interviewed at the 10-week project termination point, 96% at the 6-month follow-up, and 94% at the 12-month follow up. The intricate system of procedures used for successfully tracking this mobile population over time are presented as an effective methodology for doing necessary longitudinal research with battered women as well as other transient, or “difficult to follow” populations.

scholarly journals Plasmodium malaria and antimalarial antibodies in the first year of life

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE R. DOBBS ◽  
ARLENE E. DENT
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Malaria Vaccines ◽  
Prevailing Paradigm ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Repeated Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYMalaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases with most of the severe disease caused byPlasmodium falciparum(Pf). Naturally acquired immunity develops over time after repeated infections and the development of antimalarial antibodies is thought to play a crucial role. Neonates and young infants are relatively protected from symptomatic malaria through mechanisms that are poorly understood. The prevailing paradigm is that maternal antimalarial antibodies transferred to the fetus in the last trimester of pregnancy protect the infant from early infections. These antimalarial antibodies wane by approximately 6 months of age leaving the infant vulnerable to malaria, however direct evidence supporting this epidemiologically based paradigm is lacking. As infants are the target population for future malaria vaccines, understanding how they begin to develop immunity to malaria and the gaps in their responses is key. This review summarizes the antimalarial antibody responses detected in infants and how they change over time. We focus primarily on Pf antibody responses and will briefly mentionPlasmodium vivaxresponses in infants.

Study of the relationship between overjet development and some skull bone measurements in Warmblood foals

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (11) ◽  
pp. 353-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Domanska-Kruppa ◽  
Monica Venner ◽  
Astrid Bienert-Zeit
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Horizontal Direction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Skull Bones

Overjet is defined as the projection of the maxillary incisors labial to their antagonists in a horizontal direction. This malocclusion in horses can lead to incorrect dental wear and is aesthetically undesirable. Whether lengthening of the maxilla or shortening of the mandible causes the condition has not yet been determined. Therefore, a measurement technique was developed to investigate the correlations between skull bone measurements in overjet-affected individuals. The position of the incisors in 650 Warmblood foals born in a private German stud was examined at two weeks of age, revealing the prevalence of overjet to be 2 per cent. Five measurements were made on each foal’s head and comparisons with a second set of measurements that were made later in the foals first year showed a change in the presence or degree of overjet over time. Nine of 13 foals diagnosed with measurable overjet at the beginning of the study resolved spontaneously. Thirteen foals had no evidence of overjet at birth, of which four developed the condition during the first year of life. The methods used for measuring longitudinal changes in different skull bones and for the assessment of malocclusion in foals affected with overjet were considered effective.

scholarly journals The Fetal Antibiotic EXposure (FAX) Study: Research on the Effect of in-utero antibiotic exposure on childhood outcomes (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Koebnick ◽  
Sara Y. Tartof ◽  
Margo A. Sidell ◽  
Emily Rozema ◽  
Joanie J Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Utero ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
First Year ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND The widespread use of antepartum and intrapartum antibiotics has raised concerns about the possible disruption of the child's gut microbiota, and effects on the ‘maturation’ from the infant to the adult microbiome. The Fetal Antibiotic EXposure (FAX) Study provides a cohort to examine the association between in-utero exposure to antibiotics and adverse childhood outcomes including body weight, atopic diseases, and autism spectrum disorders and to investigate the role of other potential factors mitigating or moderating the risk for adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE To describe the methods, cohort characteristics, and retention of infants included in the study cohort. METHODS For this retrospective cohort study, we included children born in KPSC hospitals between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015 within 22-44 weeks of gestation with KPSC insurance coverage during the first year of life. Follow-up data collection is through electronic medical record (EMR) data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC). RESULTS The study cohort was comprised of 223,431 children of which 65.7% were exposed to antibiotics in-utero; 19.0% were exposed during the antepartum period, 30.0% during the intrapartum period, and 16.7% exposed during both the antepartum and intrapartum periods. During their first year of life, children had a median of 5 BMI measurements; the frequency of BMI measurements declined to a median of 3 in their second year of life and 2 for 3-5 years of age. The 5-year retention of children in the health plan was over 80% with the highest retention for Hispanic children. CONCLUSIONS This cohort of children will provide a unique opportunity to address key questions regarding the long-term sequelae of in-utero exposure to antibiotics using real-world data. The high retention and multiple medical visits over time allow us to model the trajectories of BMI over time.

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