An Ecological Approach to Tracking Battered Women Over Time

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen H. Rumptz ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan ◽  
William S. Davidson ◽  
Joanna Basta
Keyword(s):  
Battered Women ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Mobile Population ◽  
Advocacy Program ◽  
Termination Point ◽  
Over Time

The current study examined the difficulties inherent in using an experimental, longitudinal design to determine the effects of an advocacy program designed to increase battered women’s access to community resources. The current research employed a multitude of techniques to follow battered women over the first year following their stay at a shelter for women with abusive partners. The tracking rate was very successful; 96% were found and interviewed at the 10-week project termination point, 96% at the 6-month follow-up, and 94% at the 12-month follow up. The intricate system of procedures used for successfully tracking this mobile population over time are presented as an effective methodology for doing necessary longitudinal research with battered women as well as other transient, or “difficult to follow” populations.

scholarly journals 2512. Decreasing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy over 4 Years of Follow-up in a Commercially-Insured Population of Patients with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S872-S872
Author(s):  
Julie Priest ◽  
Rachel Bhak ◽  
Maral DerSarkissian ◽  
Cindy Garris ◽  
Alan Oglesby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Date ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Proportion Of Days Covered ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background This study compared yearly and longer term antiretroviral (ARV) adherence among HIV patients overall and by single-tablet regimens (STRs) vs. multi-tablet regimens (MTRs). Methods A retrospective study using Optum Clinformatics US-based claims data was conducted. Patients with an HIV-1 diagnosis during 2011–2017, age ≥ 18 years at index (date of first complete ARV regimen during the study period), and continuous enrollment for ≥ 3 months before index (baseline) and ≥ 12 months after index (observation) were included. MTRs were required to be comprised of 3 or more agents across at least 2 classes. Adherence was measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC) and compared using a Chi-square test. PDC was examined in the 1-year observation period for the overall analysis, and each year following index among patients with at least 4 years of continuous data. A subgroup analysis was conducted among patients with index during 2014–2016 to evaluate modern ARV adherence. Results Among the 15,153 included patients, median age was 45 years, the majority were male (88%), and 53% were in the South. At baseline, 58% (n = 8,715) were receiving an STR and 43% (n = 6,438) an MTR. Compared with STR patients, MTR patients had higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (36% vs. 29%), cardiovascular disease (27% vs. 21%), and hypertension (25% vs. 20%). During year 1, the proportion of patients with PDC ≥ 0.90 was 63% overall (Table 1), and greater for STR than MTR (67% vs. 58%, P < .001). Among patients with at least 4 years of observation, PDC ≥ 0.90 decreased over time (from 67% in year 1 to 53% in year 4). In the subgroup of patients with index during 2014–2016 (Table 2), similar but slightly worse trends were observed, with PDC ≥ 0.90 for 57% of patients overall, and decreasing over time for those patients with at least 3 years of observation (59% in year 1 to 42% in year 3). Conclusion Adherence in this population of patients with HIV showed room for improvement in the first year of observation overall and in the modern ARV era, with those receiving STRs having higher adherence when compared with those receiving MTRs. For the patients with 4 years of follow-up, adherence tended to decrease year on year. Maintaining high rates of ARV adherence is a critically important aspect of therapy for patients with HIV. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Factors associated with different patterns of weight change after bariatric surgery: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cristina Henao Carrillo ◽  
Ana María Gómez ◽  
Oscar Muñoz ◽  
Claudia Rubio ◽  
Natalia Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity. During long-term follow-up, weight loss (WL) is variable between subjects. The aim of this study is to assess the change in percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and excess weight loss (%EWL) and to describe the factors associated with greater or lesser WL over time. Methods Longitudinal study including patients treated with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and followed at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia). Baseline data was recorded before surgery. Follow-up was performed at 3 (n=192), 6 (n=190), 9 (n=188), 12 (n=186), 24 (n=99) and 36 (n=30) months. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis was used to assess the change in %TWL and %EWL over time. Results 196 patients were included (82.4% female, BMI 41.3±5.2 kg/m2). The tendency to increase on %TWL (31.6±6.6) and %EWL (80.2 RIQ 70.7-97.3) was evident in the first year, stabilizing after that. Nutritionist follow-up, baseline BMI>40 kg/m2 and WL≥10kg before surgery were associated with an average higher increase of %TWL (2.39% p=0.014, 0.41% p<0.001 and 0.37% p=0.003, respectively). Subjects who performed physical activity >30 minutes/day after surgery reduced %TWL in 0.74% (p=0.009). Similar findings were described on %EWL. Conclusion Follow-up during the first year after bariatric surgery is critical to achieving %TWL and %EWL goals. This study suggests that modifiable factors such as nutritional follow-up, WL before surgery and time of physical activity are associated with a significant change in %TWL and %EWL during follow-up by a multidisciplinary team.

P1675Evolution of lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients with HeartMate II, HeartWare and HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist devices during first-year follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y C Yalcin ◽  
R Muslem ◽  
G Papageorgiou ◽  
R J Tedford ◽  
A A Constantinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Heartmate Ii ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Pump Thrombosis ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is considered as a biomarker of thrombotic events in patients receiving a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Purpose This study aimed to investigate the evolution of LDH levels over time between patients supported with a HeartMate II (HMII), HeartMate 3 (HM3) or HeartWare (HVAD) LVAD during their first-year post implantation. Methods We analyzed in this multi-center retrospective study, all patients with HMII, HM3 and HVAD LVAD implanted between December 2006 and April 2017. Patients were classified into three groups based on their device type. Loess splines over time were used to depict the repeated measurements of LDH. Results In total, 134 patients received an LVAD (77% male, mean age 55 [46–61]), of whom 64 (48%) were HMII, 22 (16%) HM3 and 48 (36%) were HVAD. Loess splines over time indicate that there could be a considerable difference between evolution of LDH (Figure). During the first-year follow-up, 3 (5%) patients had a confirmed and 10 (16%) patients had a suspected pump thrombosis in the HMII group. For the HVAD, there were 6 (13%) patients with confirmed thrombosis and 1 (2%) case of suspected thrombosis, whereas none of the patients in the HM3 group experienced a suspected or confirmed pump thrombosis (p=0.01). The 1-year overall survival rate for HM II, HM3 and HVAD was 84%, 86% and 72% respectively (p=0.311). The overall stroke-free rate at one year was: 89%, 77% and 91% for HMII, HVAD and HM3 respectively (p=0.15). Means of observed LDH values over time Conclusion During the first-year post LVAD implantation, there appear to be different evolutions of LDH levels over time in HMII device patients compared to HVAD or HM3 device patients. Given differences in baseline hemolysis levels between devices, currently used LDH thresholds for detection of impending pump thrombosis may be less sensitive and thus thresholds may be device specific.

scholarly journals The Management of Lamellar Macular Holes: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ciprian Danielescu ◽  
Horia Tudor Stanca ◽  
Florian Balta
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
First Year ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Full Thickness Macular Hole ◽  
Phakic Eyes ◽  
Over Time

This literature review aims to provide the retina specialist with answers to patient’s questions related to the management of lamellar macular holes (LMHs). Most LMHs are stable over time, but 13–21% present an anatomic decline after 18–24 months of follow-up. Nineteen point five percent of the eyes may experience a visual acuity (VA) loss of more than 5 letters after 3 years. Many surgeons choose to perform surgery when there is significant metamorphopsia or documented decline in VA over time. The typical surgery is phacovitrectomy with the epiretinal membrane and the internal limiting membrane peeling in previously phakic eyes (41.9 to 85.3% of the eyes). In the eyes that remained phakic, cataract surgery was often necessary within the first year of follow-up (19.2 to 40% of eyes). After surgery, a VA gain was recorded in 63–94% of eyes, but some eyes (between 0 and 20%) suffered some VA loss. Progression to full-thickness macular hole may occur after surgery, and thus a second surgical intervention may be needed.

Models of internalizing outcomes of early rejection

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Salzer Burks ◽  
Kenneth A. Dodge ◽  
Joseph M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year

AbstractViewing social rejection from same-age peers as a source of stress for children, the current study sought to determine the most appropriate model of the effects of temporary versus consistent experiences with rejection for both short-term and long-term internalizing problems. Adopting a cross-sectional longitudinal design, the sociometric status of children in the first year of the study (when the children were in the first, second, or third grades), and then again in the next school year (when children were in the second, third, or fourth grades) was assessed to determine which children were rejected by their peers. Internalizing outcome measures were administered in the third and sixth years of follow-up. Results indicated that, for boys, the Threshold Model best represented the stressful effects of rejection. That is, only boys who were exposed to rejection for 2 consecutive years demonstrated both short-term and long-term internalizing problems in subsequent years. For girls, however, there appeared to be few significant differences among those who never experienced rejection, who had only temporary experiences with rejection, and girls who were consistently exposed to rejection. Results are discussed in terms of the significance of a Threshold Model as well as possible explanations for these gender differences.

scholarly journals Does How We Remember Predict How We Will Feel? A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Overgeneral Memory on the Development of Depression in Young People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zara Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Overgeneral Memory ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

<p>An increased tendency towards overgeneral memory (OGM) has been associated with depression in young people. How this may impact the early development of depressive symptoms is unclear. This has been difficult to determine due to the lack of longitudinal research in this area, in particular with young people in the community prior to the development of significant depressive symptoms. The current study aimed to investigate how OGM related to the development of depression in a community sample of 235 young people aged 10- to 15-years at baseline. Measures of depression, OGM, and rumination were obtained at baseline and follow-up, one year later. As predicted, and consistent with past findings, an increased tendency towards OGM at follow-up was associated with greater depressive symptoms. However, despite indications from previous work that OGM may also predict depression prior to the emergence of symptoms, the reverse was found with depression predicting OGM over time. This suggests that among the general population, while OGM may be an associated and possible maintaining feature of depression, it appears to be a consequence of experiencing depressive symptoms rather than a significant early predictive or vulnerability factor. Contrary to evidence that rumination may also increase OGM, rumination was not significantly associated with OGM. Limitations, strengths and future directions based on these findings are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Theory of Planned Behavior Analysis of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the Intention–Behavior Gap

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel P Gibson ◽  
Renee E Magnan ◽  
Emily B Kramer ◽  
Angela D Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background As COVID-19 continues to spread globally, it is important to understand psychological factors that may influence compliance with social distancing. Purpose The present study examined whether Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs were associated with social distancing, with a focus on exploring moderators of the intention–behavior relationship. Methods Using a longitudinal design, U.S. adults (N = 507) self-reported TPB constructs and social distancing behavior at baseline and 3 months later. Participants were from 48 U.S. States and the District of Columbia and were on average 50.39 years old (SD = 15.32, range = 18–80). The majority were Non-Hispanic White (71.6%), had a bachelor’s degree or higher (55.3%), and resided in suburban areas (55.8%). Results While positive attitudes toward social distancing increased over time (p = .002), subjective norms weakened (p &lt; .001) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) remained stable (p = .22). Interestingly, despite an increase in intentions from baseline to follow-up (p &lt; .001), there was a significant decrease in social distancing behavior over time (p &lt; .001). Consistent with the TPB, baseline attitudes (p &lt; .001), subjective norms (p &lt; .001), and PBC (p &lt; .001) for social distancing were all associated with baseline intentions to social distance. In turn, baseline intentions were significantly associated with social distancing behavior at follow-up (p &lt; .001). Younger adults (p &lt; .001) and non-White participants (p = .002) displayed a greater intention–behavior gap relative to older and White participants. In contrast, participants with more stable intentions over time displayed a stronger intention–behavior relationship (p &lt; .001). Conclusions Targeting individuals’ attitudes, norms, and PBC may effectively promote protective behaviors intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and similar viral outbreaks. Future research should examine effective strategies for translating social distancing intentions into actions.

scholarly journals Distance and Direction of Retained Root Migration After Lower Third Molar Coronectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prattana Niyomthai ◽  
Chakorn Vorakulpipat ◽  
Pattamawan Manosuthi ◽  
Aurasa Waikakul
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
First Year ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bone Height ◽  
Root Axis ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Relevant Factors

Abstract Background: The present study evaluated the pattern of root migration following coronectomy of the mandibular third molar in terms of distance, degree of direction, and relevant factors related to root migration. Methods: This retrospective study included 50 coronectomies in 44 patients with at least 1-year follow-up. Panoramic radiographs were taken pre-operatively, within 2 weeks after surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively. Multiple factors are possibly related to root migration, so we analyzed sex, age, tooth, figure of root, residual bone height, and also as Winter’s and Pell& Gregory classification with respect to angulation, class, and position of tooth. Results: Over the first three months after the coronectomies, all retained roots moved and/or changed their root axis. The respective mean distance of retained root migration in the horizontal (C1), coronal (C2), and oblique (C3) direction during the first year post-operatively was 3.14 ± 1.86 mm, 2.42 ± 1.61 mm, and 3.45 ±1.76 mm. The mean (±SD) root axis change was 11.26 ± 5.55 degrees. The significant influencing factors related to root migration were sex, age, and in particular tooth angulation (GEE: P<0.05). The mesio- and horizontal angulation (M, H) group migrated significantly further horizontally forward (C1) over time than the vertical (V) and distoangulation (D) group. The V, D group showed significantly greater coronal migration (C2) (P=0.05) than the M, H group. The V, D group had only mesial rotation. Conclusion: These findings could contribute to evaluation and/or planning for root removal.

Parental Representation of Children during the First Year of Life: A Longitudinal Comparison of Mothers' and Fathers' Responses on Semantic Differential Scales

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zennaro ◽  
Adriana Lis
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Parental Representation ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this paper was to investigate parental representation over time using a specially devised Semantic Differential Scale, developed in the context of longitudinal research, carried out during children's first two years of life. 42 parent-couples, during their first experience of parenthood were asked separately to rate the concept of “my child” in specific periods of their child's first year of life. The analysis highlighted the complexity of parental representation of babies.

scholarly journals Fibromyalgia Outcomes Over Time: Results from a Prospective Observational Study in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline P. Schaefer ◽  
Edgar H. Adams ◽  
Margarita Udall ◽  
Elizabeth T. Masters ◽  
Rachael M. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Widespread Pain ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Over Time

Background:Longitudinal research on outcomes of patients with fibromyalgia is limited.Objective:To assess clinician and patient-reported outcomes over time among fibromyalgia patients.Methods:At enrollment (Baseline) and follow-up (approximately 2 years later), consented patients were screened for chronic widespread pain (CWP), attended a physician site visit to determine fibromyalgia status, and completed an online questionnaire assessing pain, sleep, function, health status, productivity, medications, and healthcare resource use.Results:Seventy-six fibromyalgia patients participated at both time points (at Baseline: 86.8% white, 89.5% female, mean age 50.9 years, and mean duration of fibromyalgia 4.1 years). Mean number of tender points at each physician visit was 14.1 and 13.5, respectively; 11 patients no longer screened positive for CWP at follow-up. A majority reported medication use for pain (59.2% at Baseline, 62.0% at Follow-up). The most common medication classes were opioids (32.4%), SSRIs (16.9%), and tramadol (14.1%) at Follow-up. Significant mean changes over time were observed for fibromyalgia symptoms (modified American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria: 18.4 to 16.9;P=0.004), pain interference with function (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form: 5.9 to 5.3;P=0.013), and sleep (Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale: 58.3 to 52.7;P=0.004). Patients achieving ≥2 point improvement in pain (14.5%) experienced greater changes in pain interference with function (6.8 to 3.4;P=0.001) and sleep (62.4 to 51.0;P=0.061).Conclusion:Fibromyalgia patients reported high levels of burden at both time points, with few significant changes observed over time. Outcomes were variable among patients over time and were better among those with greater pain improvement.

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