Determinants for Stair Climbing by Elderly from Muscle Morphology

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Masuda ◽  
Jundong Kim ◽  
Ryuta Kinugasa ◽  
Kai Tanabe ◽  
Shin-Ya Kuno
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stair Ascent ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

The relationship between muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the hip joint and lower extremities and speed of stair ascent/descent was investigated in a sample of 127 elderly women (ages: 60–70 years old). The participants performed ascent and descent of stairs with 12 steps for which the speeds for ascent and descent separately from video film were calculated. The ascent speed significantly correlated with CSAs of knee extensor ( r = .21, p<.05) and psoas major muscle ( r = .25, p<.01), which were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The descent speed also correlated with CSAs of the same muscle groups (with knee extensor: r = .20, p<.05, with m. psoas major: r = .18, p<.05). The rest of the muscle groups were not related to the ascent/descent speeds of the step. These results suggested that the muscle mass of the knee extensor muscle group and also the psoas major muscle could be a factor in potential capacity in stair ascent/descent by humans.

Cross-sectional area of psoas major muscle and hip flexion strength in youth soccer players

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 3487-3494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Hoshikawa ◽  
Tomomi Iida ◽  
Nozomi Ii ◽  
Masataka Muramatsu ◽  
Yoshiharu Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Flexion Strength

scholarly journals The Differences in Imaging Findings Between Painless and Painful Osteoarthritis of the Hip

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117954412094674
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kijima ◽  
Shin Yamada ◽  
Natsuo Konishi ◽  
Hitoshi Kubota ◽  
Hiroshi Tazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Hip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Average Pain ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Tönnis Grade

Purpose: In osteoarthritis of the hip, the pain may be strong even if the deformity is mild, but the pain may be mild even if the deformity is severe. If the factors related to the pain can be identified on imaging, reducing such factors can alleviate the pain, and effective measures can be taken for cases where surgery cannot be performed. In addition, imaging findings related to the pain are also important information for determining the procedures and the timing of surgery. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the differences in features of osteoarthritis seen on imaging between painless and painful osteoarthritis of the hip. Methods: The subjects were the patients with hip osteoarthritis who visited our department in 2015 and who underwent x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a total of 29 patients (54 hip joints; mean age 63 years; 8 males and 21 females). The degree of osteoarthritis was determined using the Tönnis grade from the x-ray image. The cartilage morphology, intensity changes of bone marrow on MRI (subchondral bone marrow lesions [BMLs]), osteophytes, joint effusions, and paralabral cysts were scored based on the Hip Osteoarthritis MRI Scoring System (HOAMS). The cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle at the level of the iliac crest was measured on CT, and the psoas index (PI; the cross-sectional area ratio of the psoas major muscle to the lumbar 4/5 intervertebral disc) was calculated to correct for the difference in physique. Then, the relationships between these and visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pains were evaluated. Results: The average VAS was 55.4 ± 39 mm. The PI and all items of HOAMS correlated with the VAS. The average VAS of Tönnis grade 3 osteoarthritis was 75.8 ± 26 mm. When investigating only Tönnis grade 3 osteoarthritis, the differences between cases with less than average pain and those with above average pain were the BML score in the central-inferior femoral head ( P = .0213), the osteophyte score of the inferomedial femoral head ( P = .0325), and the PI ( P = .0292). Conclusion: Investigation of the differences between painless and painful osteoarthritis of the hip showed that the cases with more pain have BMLs of the femoral head on MRI that extend not only to the loading area, but also to the central-inferior area. Even with the same x-ray findings, the pain was stronger in patients with severe psoas atrophy. Thus, the instability due to muscle atrophy may also play a role in the pain of hip osteoarthritis.

Ultrasound Method for Estimating the Cross-Sectional Area of the Psoas Major Muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2000-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOHEI TAKAI ◽  
YOICHI KATSUMATA ◽  
YASUO KAWAKAMI ◽  
HIROAKI KANEHISA ◽  
TETSUO FUKUNAGA
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrasound Method ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Psoas Major

Validation of Anthropometric Muscle Cross-Sectional Area Equation after Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Wade ◽  
Robert Lester ◽  
Ashraf Gorgey
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Whole Muscle

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to cross-validate a previously derived anthropometric estimation equation specific to the spinal cord injury population and determine the ratios of absolute skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and adductor muscle groups based on magnetic resonance imaging. The validation cohort consisted of eleven men with chronic (>1 yr. post injury) spinal cord injury (SCI). Ten individuals were classified as AIS A or B and one participant was classified as an AIS C. Significant correlations were found between the anthropometrically predicted CSAs and MRI-derived CSAs for the whole muscle including bone and intramuscular fat (r2=0.72, SEE=10.6 cm2, P<0.001), absolute muscle excluding bone and intramuscular fat (r2=0.60, SEE=10.1 cm2, P=0.005), and absolute quadriceps muscle (r2=0.67, SEE=5.5 cm2, P=0.002). The quadriceps, hamstrings and the adductor muscle groups represented 52±5%, 23±6%, and 20±4%, respectively, of the absolute muscle CSA. Our results suggest that the utilization of a previously developed anthropometric equation is applicable to a different validation cohort with SCI. The equation has the ability to predict whole muscle CSA, absolute muscle CSA excluding bone and intramuscular fat, and absolute muscle CSA of the quadriceps in individuals with chronic SCI.

Muscle hypertrophy response to resistance training in older women

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1912-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Charette ◽  
L. McEvoy ◽  
G. Pyka ◽  
C. Snow-Harter ◽  
D. Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Fiber Area ◽  
Muscle Groups

We conducted a 12-wk resistance training program in elderly women [mean age 69 +/- 1.0 (SE) yr] to determine whether increases in muscle strength are associated with changes in cross-sectional fiber area of the vastus lateralis muscle. Twenty-seven healthy women were randomly assigned to either a control or exercise group. The program was satisfactorily completed and adequate biopsy material obtained from 6 controls and 13 exercisers. After initial testing of baseline maximal strength, exercisers began a training regimen consisting of seven exercises that stressed primary muscle groups of the lower extremities. No active intervention was prescribed for the controls. Increases in muscle strength of the exercising subjects were significant compared with baseline values (28-115%) in all muscle groups. No significant strength changes were observed in the controls. Cross-sectional area of type II muscle fibers significantly increased in the exercisers (20.1 +/- 6.8%, P = 0.02) compared with baseline. In contrast, no significant change in type II fiber area was observed in the controls. No significant changes in type I fiber area were found in either group. We conclude that a program of resistance exercise can be safely carried out by elderly women, such a program significantly increases muscle strength, and such gains are due, at least in part, to muscle hypertrophy.

Stair-Ascent Performance in Elderly Women: Effect of Explosive Strength Training

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Holsgaard-Larsen ◽  
Paolo Caserotti ◽  
Lis Puggaard ◽  
Per Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Neuromuscular Activity ◽  
Stair Ascent

Explosive-type strength training may alter kinetics and neuromuscular activity during stair ascent in elderly women. This may improve functional ability. Nineteen women (69.7 ± 3.4 yr) were randomly allocated to strength training (TG; twice per wk, 12 wk) or a control group (CG). Stair ascent was assessed at self-chosen (AFV), standardized (ASV), and maximal velocity (AMV) pre- and posttraining. Ground-reaction force (GRF) and EMG quantified kinetics and neuromuscular activity. After training, TG increased AMV and AFV velocity by 8% (p= .02) and 17% (p= .007), respectively (TG vs.CG; p< .05). This was accompanied by elevated rectus femoris EMG (from 21% to 48%,p< .047). At AFV, TG increased GRF first peak force 4% (p= .047), and CG increased second peak force 5% (p= .036). Muscle coactivation remained unaltered in both groups. Explosive-type strength training led to enhanced stair-climbing performance at maximal and self-chosen speed, reflecting an improved functional ability.

scholarly journals Anatomical differences in the psoas muscles in young black and white men

1999 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
PATRICK HANSON ◽  
S. PETER MAGNUSSON ◽  
HENRIK SORENSEN ◽  
ERIK B. SIMONSEN
Keyword(s):  
White Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Psoas Muscles ◽  
Spine Function ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Hip Flexor ◽  
Minor Muscle ◽  
Flexor Strength

The anatomy of the psoas major muscle (PMA) in young black and white men was studied during routine autopsies. The forensic autopsies included 44 fresh male cadavers (21 black, 23 white) with an age span of 14 to 25 y. The range for weight was 66–76 kg and for height 169–182 cm. The PMA was initially measured in its entire length before measuring the diameter and circumference at each segmental level (L1–S1). At each segmental level, the calculated anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) was more than 3 times greater in the black group compared with the white (P<0.001). The psoas minor muscle (PMI) was absent in 91% of the black subjects, but only in 13% of the white subjects. These data show that the PMA is markedly larger in black than white subjects. The marked race specific difference in the size of the PMA may have implications for hip flexor strength, spine function and race specific incidence in low back pathology, and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Decreased Muscle Strength Relates to Self-Reported Stooping, Crouching, or Kneeling Difficulty in Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel E. Hernandez ◽  
Allon Goldberg ◽  
Neil B. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Flexor Strength

Background Bending down and kneeling are fundamental tasks of daily living, yet nearly a quarter of older adults report having difficulty performing or being unable to perform these movements. Older adults with stooping, crouching, or kneeling (SCK) difficulty have demonstrated an increased fall risk. Strength (force-generating capacity) measures may be useful for determining both SCK difficulty and fall risk. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine muscle strength differences in older adults with and without SCK difficulty and (2) to examine the relative contributions of trunk and leg muscle strength to SCK difficulty. Design This was a cross-sectional observational study. Methods Community-dwelling older adults (age [X̅±SD]=75.5±6.0 years) with SCK difficulty (n=27) or without SCK difficulty (n=21) were tested for leg and trunk strength and functional mobility. Isometric strength at the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle also was normalized by body weight and height. Results Compared with older adults with no SCK difficulty, those with SCK difficulty had significant decreases in normalized trunk extensor, knee extensor, and ankle dorsiflexor and plantar-flexor strength. In 2 separate multivariate analyses, raw ankle plantar-flexor strength (odds ratio [OR]=0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.95–0.99) and normalized knee extensor strength (OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.44–0.82) were significantly associated with SCK difficulty. Stooping, crouching, and kneeling difficulty also correlated with measures of functional balance and falls. Limitations Although muscle groups that were key to rising from SCK were examined, there are other muscle groups that may contribute to safe SCK performance. Conclusions Decreased muscle strength, particularly when normalized for body size, predicts SCK difficulty. These data emphasize the importance of strength measurement at multiple levels in predicting self-reported functional impairment.

scholarly journals Knee Extensor Power Relates to Mobility Performance in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: Cross-Sectional Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J. Accettura ◽  
Elora C. Brenneman ◽  
Paul W. Stratford ◽  
Monica R. Maly
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Stair Ascent ◽  
Stair Descent ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Peak Knee

BackgroundQuadriceps femoris muscle strengthening is a common rehabilitation exercise for knee osteoarthritis (OA). More information is needed to determine whether targeting muscle power is a useful adjunct to strengthening for people with knee OA.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify the predictive ability of knee extensor strength and knee extensor power in the performance of physical tasks in adults with knee OA.DesignThis study used a cross-sectional design.MethodsFifty-five participants with clinical knee OA were included (43 women; mean [SD] age=60.9 [6.9] years). Dependent variables were: timed stair ascent, timed stair descent, and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Independent variables were: peak knee extensor strength and mean peak knee extensor power. Covariates were: age, body mass index, and self-efficacy. Multiple regression analyses were run for each dependent variable with just covariates, then a second model including strength, and then a third model including power. The R2 values were compared between models.ResultsPower explained greater variance than strength in all models. Over and above the covariates, power explained an additional 6% of the variance in the 6MWT, increasing the R2 value from .33 to .39; 8% in the stair ascent test, increasing the R2 value from .52 to .60; and 3% in the stair descent test, increasing the R2 value from .44 to .47.LimitationsThe sample demonstrated very good mobility and muscle function scores and may not be indicative of those with severe knee OA.ConclusionsIn adults with knee OA, knee extensor power was a stronger determinant of walking and stair performance when compared with knee extensor strength. Clinicians should consider these results when advising patients on exercise to maintain or improve mobility.

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