scholarly journals Anatomical differences in the psoas muscles in young black and white men

1999 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
PATRICK HANSON ◽  
S. PETER MAGNUSSON ◽  
HENRIK SORENSEN ◽  
ERIK B. SIMONSEN
Keyword(s):  
White Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Psoas Muscles ◽  
Spine Function ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Hip Flexor ◽  
Minor Muscle ◽  
Flexor Strength

The anatomy of the psoas major muscle (PMA) in young black and white men was studied during routine autopsies. The forensic autopsies included 44 fresh male cadavers (21 black, 23 white) with an age span of 14 to 25 y. The range for weight was 66–76 kg and for height 169–182 cm. The PMA was initially measured in its entire length before measuring the diameter and circumference at each segmental level (L1–S1). At each segmental level, the calculated anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) was more than 3 times greater in the black group compared with the white (P<0.001). The psoas minor muscle (PMI) was absent in 91% of the black subjects, but only in 13% of the white subjects. These data show that the PMA is markedly larger in black than white subjects. The marked race specific difference in the size of the PMA may have implications for hip flexor strength, spine function and race specific incidence in low back pathology, and warrants further investigation.

Cross-sectional area of psoas major muscle and hip flexion strength in youth soccer players

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 3487-3494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Hoshikawa ◽  
Tomomi Iida ◽  
Nozomi Ii ◽  
Masataka Muramatsu ◽  
Yoshiharu Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Flexion Strength

scholarly journals The Differences in Imaging Findings Between Painless and Painful Osteoarthritis of the Hip

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117954412094674
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kijima ◽  
Shin Yamada ◽  
Natsuo Konishi ◽  
Hitoshi Kubota ◽  
Hiroshi Tazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Hip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Average Pain ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Tönnis Grade

Purpose: In osteoarthritis of the hip, the pain may be strong even if the deformity is mild, but the pain may be mild even if the deformity is severe. If the factors related to the pain can be identified on imaging, reducing such factors can alleviate the pain, and effective measures can be taken for cases where surgery cannot be performed. In addition, imaging findings related to the pain are also important information for determining the procedures and the timing of surgery. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the differences in features of osteoarthritis seen on imaging between painless and painful osteoarthritis of the hip. Methods: The subjects were the patients with hip osteoarthritis who visited our department in 2015 and who underwent x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a total of 29 patients (54 hip joints; mean age 63 years; 8 males and 21 females). The degree of osteoarthritis was determined using the Tönnis grade from the x-ray image. The cartilage morphology, intensity changes of bone marrow on MRI (subchondral bone marrow lesions [BMLs]), osteophytes, joint effusions, and paralabral cysts were scored based on the Hip Osteoarthritis MRI Scoring System (HOAMS). The cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle at the level of the iliac crest was measured on CT, and the psoas index (PI; the cross-sectional area ratio of the psoas major muscle to the lumbar 4/5 intervertebral disc) was calculated to correct for the difference in physique. Then, the relationships between these and visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pains were evaluated. Results: The average VAS was 55.4 ± 39 mm. The PI and all items of HOAMS correlated with the VAS. The average VAS of Tönnis grade 3 osteoarthritis was 75.8 ± 26 mm. When investigating only Tönnis grade 3 osteoarthritis, the differences between cases with less than average pain and those with above average pain were the BML score in the central-inferior femoral head ( P = .0213), the osteophyte score of the inferomedial femoral head ( P = .0325), and the PI ( P = .0292). Conclusion: Investigation of the differences between painless and painful osteoarthritis of the hip showed that the cases with more pain have BMLs of the femoral head on MRI that extend not only to the loading area, but also to the central-inferior area. Even with the same x-ray findings, the pain was stronger in patients with severe psoas atrophy. Thus, the instability due to muscle atrophy may also play a role in the pain of hip osteoarthritis.

Ultrasound Method for Estimating the Cross-Sectional Area of the Psoas Major Muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2000-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOHEI TAKAI ◽  
YOICHI KATSUMATA ◽  
YASUO KAWAKAMI ◽  
HIROAKI KANEHISA ◽  
TETSUO FUKUNAGA
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrasound Method ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Psoas Major

scholarly journals Anatomical differences in the psoas muscles in young black and white men

1999 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK HANSON ◽  
S. PETER MAGNUSSON ◽  
HENRIK SORENSEN ◽  
ERIK B. SIMONSEN
Keyword(s):  
White Men ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Psoas Muscles

Effect of Resistance Training of Psoas Major in Combination With Regular Running Training on Performance in Long-Distance Runners

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamanaka ◽  
Shinya Wakasawa ◽  
Koya Yamashiro ◽  
Naoki Kodama ◽  
Daisuke Sato
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Flexor

Purpose: The study determined whether the increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of psoas major, which is known as a hip-flexion muscle, by resistance training combined with running training improves the performance of long-distance runners. Methods: Subjects were 8 well-trained male long-distance runners. The personal best time in a 5000-m race was 15:10.0 (0:20.5) (mean [SD]). Each subject performed resistance training twice per week with running training for 12 weeks. The authors used 3 resistance training regimens that would train the hip flexor muscles. Training intensity was a maximum of 10 repetitions. The training amount was 3 sets × 10 times during the first 4 weeks followed by 4 sets × 10 times during the last 8 weeks. The authors measured the CSA of psoas major using magnetic resonance imaging and the performance of long-distance runners using a constant velocity running test before (pre) and after (post) the training term. Results: The combination training significantly (P < .01, d = 0.34) increased the CSA of psoas major (pre: 16.2 [1.5] cm2, post: 16.7 [1.4] cm2) and significantly (P < .01, d = 1.41) improved the duration of the constant velocity running test (pre: 500 [108] s, post: 715 [186] s). Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that the pre to post change in the duration of the constant velocity exercise was significantly correlated with the change in CSA of the psoas major. Conclusion: The authors suggest that resistance training of psoas major with running training is correlated with an improvement in the performance of long-distance runners.

scholarly journals Serum Estrogen, But Not Testosterone, Levels Differ between Black and White Men in a Nationally Representative Sample of Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2519-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
William G. Nelson ◽  
Nader Rifai ◽  
Terry R. Brown ◽  
Adrian Dobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
White Men ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Variation

Abstract Context: Higher testosterone in black compared with white men has been postulated to explain their higher prostate cancer incidence. Previous studies comparing hormone levels by race might have been limited by size, restricted age variation, or lack of representation of the general population. Objective: Our objective was to compare serum testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG concentrations among non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American men. Participants, Design, and Setting: A total of 1413 men aged 20+ yr and who attended the morning examination session of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) in 1988–1991 were included in this cross-sectional study. Measurement: Serum hormone concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: After applying sampling weights and adjusting for age, percent body fat, alcohol, smoking, and activity, testosterone concentrations were not different between non-Hispanic blacks (n = 363; geometric mean, 5.29 ng/ml) and non-Hispanic whites (n = 674; 5.11 ng/ml; P &gt; 0.05) but were higher in Mexican-Americans (n = 376; 5.48 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.05). Non-Hispanic blacks (40.80 pg/ml) had a higher estradiol concentration than non-Hispanic whites (35.46 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.01) and Mexican-Americans (34.11 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.01). Non-Hispanic blacks (36.49 nmol/liter) had a higher SHBG concentration than non-Hispanic whites (34.91 nmol/liter; P &lt; 0.05) and Mexican-Americans (35.04 nmol/liter; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Contrary to the postulated racial difference, testosterone concentrations did not differ notably between black and white men. However, blacks had higher estradiol levels. Mexican-Americans had higher testosterone than whites but similar estradiol and SHBG concentrations. Given these findings, it may be equally if not more important to investigate estradiol as testosterone in relation to diseases with racial disparity.

scholarly journals Dynapenia and Low Cognition: A Cross-Sectional Association in Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Julie A. Pasco ◽  
Amanda L. Stuart ◽  
Sophia X. Sui ◽  
Kara L. Holloway-Kew ◽  
Natalie K. Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Geelong Osteoporosis Study ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Hip Flexor ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Flexor Strength

Dynapenia is a key contributor to physical frailty. Cognitive impairment and dementia accompany frailty, yet links between skeletal muscle and neurocognition are poorly understood. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between lower limb muscle strength and global cognitive function. Participants were 127 women aged 51–87 years, from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Peak eccentric strength of the hip-flexors and hip abductors was determined using a hand-held dynamometer, and dynapenia identified as muscle strength t-scores < −1. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and MMSE scores below the median were rated as low. Associations between dynapenia and low cognition were examined using logistic regression models. Hip-flexor dynapenia was detected in 38 (71.7%) women with low cognition and 36 (48.7%) with good cognition (p = 0.009); for hip abductor dynapenia, the pattern was similar (21 (39.6%) vs. 9 (12.2%); p < 0.001). While the observed difference for hip-flexor strength was attenuated after adjusting for age and height (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 1.95, 95%CI 0.86–4.41), low cognition was nearly 4-fold more likely in association with hip abductor dynapenia (adjusted OR 3.76, 95%CI 1.44–9.83). No other confounders were identified. Our data suggest that low strength of the hip abductors and low cognition are associated and this could be a consequence of poor muscle function contributing to cognitive decline or vice versa. As muscle weakness is responsive to physical interventions, this warrants further investigation.

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