Stair-Ascent Performance in Elderly Women: Effect of Explosive Strength Training

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Holsgaard-Larsen ◽  
Paolo Caserotti ◽  
Lis Puggaard ◽  
Per Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Neuromuscular Activity ◽  
Stair Ascent

Explosive-type strength training may alter kinetics and neuromuscular activity during stair ascent in elderly women. This may improve functional ability. Nineteen women (69.7 ± 3.4 yr) were randomly allocated to strength training (TG; twice per wk, 12 wk) or a control group (CG). Stair ascent was assessed at self-chosen (AFV), standardized (ASV), and maximal velocity (AMV) pre- and posttraining. Ground-reaction force (GRF) and EMG quantified kinetics and neuromuscular activity. After training, TG increased AMV and AFV velocity by 8% (p= .02) and 17% (p= .007), respectively (TG vs.CG; p< .05). This was accompanied by elevated rectus femoris EMG (from 21% to 48%,p< .047). At AFV, TG increased GRF first peak force 4% (p= .047), and CG increased second peak force 5% (p= .036). Muscle coactivation remained unaltered in both groups. Explosive-type strength training led to enhanced stair-climbing performance at maximal and self-chosen speed, reflecting an improved functional ability.

scholarly journals Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Properties, Physical Function, and Physical Activity among Frail Older People: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atle Hole Saeterbakken ◽  
Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽  
Anine Brudeseth ◽  
Vidar Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Frail Elderly People

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 10-week strength training intervention on isometric strength, rate of force development (RFD), physical function (stair climbing, rising from a chair, and preferred and maximal walking speed), and physical activity among frail elderly people receiving home-care services. Thirty participants were randomly assigned (by sex) to a control group (CON) or a strength training group (ST) performing a supervised training programme using elastic bands, box-lifting, and body weight exercises twice per week. Twenty-three participants were selected to complete the study (age 84.9 ± 6.1 years). For the ST, only improvement in muscle properties was the peak RFD in leg extension (p=0.04). No significant differences were observed in muscle properties for the control group (CON) (p=0.16–1.00) or between groups (p=0.39–1.00). There were no changes within and between the groups in physical function (p=0.12–0.19) or physical activity levels (p=0.06–0.73). The results of this pilot study did not demonstrate greater improvements in muscle properties and physical function and improved physical activity after attending a home-based resistance program compared to physical activity advise; however, larger population studies should examine these findings. This trial is registered with ISRCTN10967873.

Effects of a Low-Intensity Strength-Training Program on Knee-Extensor Strength and Functional Ability of Frail Older People

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja H. Westhoff ◽  
Lysander Stemmerik ◽  
Hendriek C. Boshuizen
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

This study’s purpose was to investigate whether a 10-week low-intensity strength-training program could improve strength of the knee extensors and functional ability. Participants 65 years and older with low knee-extensor muscle strength were randomized into an exercise (n = 11) and a control group (n = 10). Knee-extensor strength and functional ability were measured before and after the program and again 6 months later. Knee-extensor strength (Nm) increased by 54% (13% in the control) by the end of the training program (F = 13.02, p = .01), and most of this improvement was still present 6 months later. The program had a beneficial effect on functional tasks, especially the time taken to rise from a chair in combination with a 3-m walk (F = 3.99, p = .03) and self-reported ability related to lower extremity performance (F = 6.97, p = .02). It seems that this program could contribute to improving functional ability in frail older people.

Effects of strength and endurance training on thigh and leg muscle mass and composition in elderly women

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sipila ◽  
H. Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Muscle

The effects of 18 wk of intensive strength and endurance training on knee extensor, knee flexor, and lower leg muscle mass and composition were studied in 76- to 78-yr-old women. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), lean tissue CSA, and relative proportion of fat were determined using computed tomography. The strength-trained women increased their total muscle lean tissue CSA of the thigh (1.5%; P = 0.035), quadriceps CSA (4.5%; P = 0.021), quadriceps lean tissue CSA (5.8%, P = 0.009), and mean Hounsfield unit of the lower leg muscles (11.2%; P = 0.035) compared with the changes that occurred in the control group during the experiment. The change in quadriceps lean tissue CSA because of the strength training was also significant compared with that in the endurance group. The relative proportion of fat within the quadriceps muscle decreased due to the strength training compared with the changes that occurred in the endurance group. The results show that intensive strength training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy in elderly women and thereby also reduce the relative amount of intramuscular fat, whereas the effects of endurance training are negligible.

Effects of Exercise on Bone Density, Balance, and Self-Efficacy in Older Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Jessup ◽  
Claydell Horne ◽  
R. K. Vishen ◽  
Donna Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Training Exercises

The effects of weighted vest walking and strength-training exercises on bone mineral density (BMD), balance, strength, and self-efficacy were tested in older women. Eighteen women, age 69.2 ± 3.5 years, were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG) ( n = 9), or a sedentary control group (CG) ( n = 9). The EG participated in 32 weeks (three 1-h sessions/week) of supervised strength training and walking, stair climbing, and balance exercises while wearing weighted vests. The CG did not exercise. All women took Ca²+ and vitamin D during the study period. Measures included 1) BMD of the hip and lumbar spine measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 2) strength, 3) balance, and 4) scores on a self-efficacy instrument. The EG had significant improvements in bone density of the femoral neck and balance and a significant weight loss ( P < 0.05). There were no changes in self-efficacy in either group.

scholarly journals The Effect of 16 Weeks of Lower-Limb Strength Training in Jumping Performance of Ballet Dancers

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho ◽  
Filipe Conceição ◽  
Juan A. Escobar-Álvarez ◽  
Beatriz Gondra ◽  
Isaura Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Lower Limb Strength

Jumping ability is considered a determinant of performance success. It is identified as one of the predictors and talent identification in many sports and dance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 16 weeks of lower-limb strength training on the jumping performance of ballet dancers. A total of 24 participants from the same dance school were randomly selected in the control group [CG; n = 10; aged 13.00 (1.49) years; 43.09 (9.48) kg and 1.53 (0.11) m] and the intervention group [IG; n = 14; aged 12.43 (1.45) years; 38.21 (4.38) kg and 1.51 (0.07) m], evaluated before and after the applied strength training program mainly using the body weight of each participant. Jump performance was assessed using MyJump2, a scientifically validated mobile phone app. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were assessed, and the magnitude of change was calculated using the effect size (ES). While CG significantly decreased the relative power over time (p &lt; 0.001, ES = −0.29: small), results from the intragroup comparisons suggest that IG significantly increased the countermovement jump (CMJ) height (p &lt; 0.001, ES = 1.21: large), the relative force (p &lt; 0.001, ES = 0.86: moderate), maximal velocity (p &lt; 0.001, ES = 1.15: moderate), and relative power (p &lt; 0.001, ES = 1.37: large). We concluded that a 16-week strength training program of lower limbs is an effective way to improve CMJ height in young dancers. Supplementary strength training appears to be the determinant for the improvement of the jumping performance of ballet dancers.

scholarly journals Influence of high-heeled shoe parameters on biomechanical performance of young female adults during stair ascent motion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiangyinzi shang ◽  
Shuiqiang Zhang ◽  
alan yan ◽  
xin ma
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Stair Ascent

Abstract Background: No prior work has compared the biomechanical workload of stair ascent (SA) using shoes of different heel heights and heel types. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of high-heeled shoe (HHS) parameters on pelvis position, lower extremities kinematics, ground reaction force, and intern stress in young women during SA motion.Methods: The participants were instructed to ascend a 3-step staircase, wearing HHSs of different heel heights and heel types, and the control group used a pair of flat shoes. By using finite element methodology, we investigated the influence of shoe parameters on metatarsal stress and metatarsal head loading during SA.Results: As the heel height increased, increased ranges of ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and pelvic rotation were observed. A thinner heel type displayed a larger pelvic forward tilt movement and 1st peak vertical force, as well as a smaller 2nd peak vertical force. With higher heels, increased external rotation of the knee, inversion and plantar flexion, and flexion values of the knee were observed. Meanwhile, there was decreased external rotation of the pelvis, ankle eversion, varus, and dorsiflexion. Three major stance phases namely heel strike, midstance, and push off were simulated to investigate the biomechanical response of high-heeled walking. It was found that the contact pressure at plantar pressure and 1st metatarsal pressure intensified with flat shoes and reached their maximum at push off phase during locomotion.Conclusion: To stabilize body posture during SA when wearing HHSs with a small heel base area, compensatory changes to drive an effective motor response include increasing pelvic range of motion in the transverse plane and sagittal plane, changing the joint angles of the lower extremities, and increasing metatarsal intern stress, may lead to clinical symptoms.

Determinants for Stair Climbing by Elderly from Muscle Morphology

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Masuda ◽  
Jundong Kim ◽  
Ryuta Kinugasa ◽  
Kai Tanabe ◽  
Shin-Ya Kuno
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stair Ascent ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

The relationship between muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the hip joint and lower extremities and speed of stair ascent/descent was investigated in a sample of 127 elderly women (ages: 60–70 years old). The participants performed ascent and descent of stairs with 12 steps for which the speeds for ascent and descent separately from video film were calculated. The ascent speed significantly correlated with CSAs of knee extensor ( r = .21, p<.05) and psoas major muscle ( r = .25, p<.01), which were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The descent speed also correlated with CSAs of the same muscle groups (with knee extensor: r = .20, p<.05, with m. psoas major: r = .18, p<.05). The rest of the muscle groups were not related to the ascent/descent speeds of the step. These results suggested that the muscle mass of the knee extensor muscle group and also the psoas major muscle could be a factor in potential capacity in stair ascent/descent by humans.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eight Weeks of Hand-Selected Strength Training and Cinnamon-Honey Supplementation on Strength and Range of Motion of Wrist Joint in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayesteh Hassani ◽  
Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavare ◽  
Hassan Safikhani
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the articular disorders. This disorder causes pain, impaired physical function and thus affecting the quality of life of individuals by limiting individual independence. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of hand-selected strength training and cinnamon-honey supplementation on strength and range of motion of wrist joint in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: In this study, 48 women with hand-osteoarthritis were selected and randomly divided into four groups (strength training, cinnamon-honey supplementation, combinatory and control). The training group underwent the hand-selected strength training; the second group used honey and cinnamon powder supplement for 8 weeks and once a day. The third group also received hand-selected training and cinnamon and honey supplements simultaneously. The fourth group also participated in this study as a control group without any training or supplementation. Patients’ wrist strength and range of motion were measured before and after applying the independent variables and were compared. Results: The results showed that by applying the strength training and cinnamon-honey supplementary as well as the combination of training and supplementary have had a positive effect on strength and range of motion of wrist in fact, 8 weeks of resistance training and using cinnamon-honey supplements in women with hand osteoarthritis have led to a increases. Conclusions: Therefore, it is recommended to use resistance training with cinnamon and honey supplements to accelerate the recovery of the disease.

scholarly journals Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Nebojša Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

Research on the methods and means of action strength training in aerobics training

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092110042
Author(s):  
Xiaona Yang ◽  
Yang Ji ◽  
Da Ke ◽  
Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Team Member ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Core Strength

Aerobics is a beautiful and rhythmic sport. In recent years, aerobics has developed rapidly, and has become one of the essential courses of physical education in Colleges and universities. But the existing aerobics courses in Colleges and universities are less involved in the training process of action strength. Lack of strength quality is a common shortcoming of Aerobics Athletes in Colleges and universities. Therefore, this paper puts forward the methods and means of action strength training in aerobics training. According to the characteristics of competitive aerobics, combined with the traditional training strategy of action strength, this paper formulates the method of action strength training suitable for College Aerobics athletes. In order to further verify the effectiveness of this method, this paper takes a university aerobics team as an experimental sample to carry out a comparative analysis of the effect of action strength training. Relevant studies have proved that core strength training has the following effects on aerobics players: 1. Helps the calisthenics team member stabilize the trunk, improve the body's control ability and balance ability. 2. It is conducive to completing difficult movements of calisthenics with high efficiency and low energy consumption. 3. Helps the aerobics team member to enhance the special strength. 4. It can effectively prevent sports injuries. 5. It can improve the direction change and displacement speed of the body. 6. It can improve the energy output of the core strength to the limbs and other muscle groups during movement, so that the movement can be completed more perfectly.According to the results of the experiment, the explosive force and endurance of the experimental group after 8 weeks of training have been significantly improved, and formed a more obvious difference with the control group. The aerobics training method developed in this paper can be divided into two stages: the initial stage and the middle stage, which can better meet the students with different physical qualities. At the end of this paper, a fast strength training method is introduced, and the characteristics of different training methods are analyzed.

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