Perceptions of Intergenerational Communication across Cultures: An Italian Case

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Giles ◽  
Dawna Ballard ◽  
Robert M. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Italian American ◽  
Anglo American

406 Anglo-American, Italian-American, and Italian (Northern and Southern Italy) students were asked to evaluate past conversations with same-age peers, i.e., 17 to 30 years, and older adults, i.e., 65 years and older While according older adults more deference, all cultural groups perceived older adults as more rigid and nonaccommodating than younger adults. Exchanges with older adults were reported as having more negative affect than were those with other young adults, and were also more likely to be avoided.

scholarly journals Are the Acute Effects of THC Different in Aging Adults?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Raeghan L. Mueller ◽  
Jarrod M. Ellingson ◽  
L. Cinnamon Bidwell ◽  
Angela D. Bryan ◽  
Kent E. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Adults

In recent years of expanding legalization, older adults have reported the largest increase in cannabis use of any age group. While its use has been studied extensively in young adults, little is known about the effects of THC in older adults and whether the risks of cannabis might be different, particularly concerning intoxication and cognition. The current study investigated whether age is associated with the deleterious effects of THC on cognitive performance and other behavioral measures before and after ad libitum self-administration of three different types of cannabis flower (THC dominant, THC + CBD, and CBD dominant). Age groups consisted of young adults (ages 21–25) and older adults (ages 55–70). Controlling for pre-use scores on all measures, the THC dominant chemovar produced a greater deleterious effect in younger adults compared with older adults in tests of learning and processing speed, whereas there were no differences between old and young in the effects of the other chemovars. In addition, the young group reported greater cannabis craving than the older group after using the THC chemovar. Consistent with some reports in the preclinical literature, the findings suggest that older adults may be less sensitive to the effects of THC on cognitive and affective measures.

Present-Future Self-Continuity and Intergenerational Communication as Predictors of Young Adults’ Evaluations of Older Adults and Attitudes Toward Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 0261927X2110685
Author(s):  
Jessica Gasiorek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Attitudes Toward Aging ◽  
Future Self

This study examined how young adults’ perceived similarity to their future self at age 70 ( present-future self-continuity) and experiences of environmental “chatter” about aging predicted their views of older adults, and their anxiety and efficacy related to aging. Experiencing nonaccommodation from older adults predicted greater anxiety, lower efficacy, and more negative views of older adults; greater present-future self-continuity predicted higher efficacy about aging. Young adults’ present-future self-continuity also moderated the effects of accommodation from older adults on these outcomes.

scholarly journals EXPLORING AGE, GENDER, AND RELATIONSHIP CLOSENESS DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO IGNORED DISRESPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S305-S305
Author(s):  
Jenessa C Steele ◽  
Amanda Chappell ◽  
Rachel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Close Condition

Abstract Emotional responses to disrespect tend to be negative (Hawkins, 2015). Little is known about how responses to disrespect vary across age groups and relationship closeness. It is unknown whether older adults have more emotional protection against disrespectful experiences, or are more deeply affected due to relationship closeness. Overall, we might expect that older adults react less negatively to disrespect compared to young adults, as they are more-skilled emotion regulators (Carstensen, 1991; English & Carstensen, 2014). We aimed to explore if, and under which circumstances, older adults are more or less sensitive to disrespect compared to younger adults. Three hundred participants responded to six scenarios illustrating ignored disrespect. Participants were randomly assigned to close or distant relationship disrespect scenarios. Relationship closeness was first determined by requesting participants identify a person in each layer of Kahn and Antonucci’s (1980) Social Convoy Model. Identified names were then automatically inserted into the six scenarios. Emotional responses and sensitivity to each scenario were recorded. Participants in the close condition reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than participants in the distant condition. Females reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than males. We did not find overwhelming support for age differences in responses to disrespect. A single scenario indicated younger participants more sensitive to disrespect than older participants. Findings suggest it is more hurtful to be disrespected by someone close to you and females may be more sensitive to disrespect than males. More research investigating the role of age in disrespect is needed.

scholarly journals LINKS BETWEEN POSITIVE AFFECT AND DISENGAGEMENT FROM NEGATIVE STIMULI IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S307-S307
Author(s):  
Kathryn L Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Abstract Older adults attend to more positive than negative content compared to younger adults; this “age-related positivity” effect is often thought of as a way older adults may be regulating their moods. However, attentional disengagement abilities decline with age, which may make positive looking more challenging for older adults in some cases. To evaluate links between early attentional processes and affect, 48 younger adult and 49 older adult participants reported levels of positive and negative affect on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and completed a spatial cueing task evaluating attentional orienting and disengagement from emotional stimuli. Participants were tasked with responding to the location of a spatial target after seeing a cue (emotional image) that either appeared on the same (orienting) or opposite (disengagement) side of the screen. Multilevel modeling analyses were conducted using age and self-reported affect from the PANAS as predictors at level-2, and trial characteristics as predictors at level-1. Positive affect (PA) was unrelated to task performance for younger adults. Older adults reporting higher PA responded more slowly overall, and higher PA scores predicted similar response times to positive and negative stimuli on both trial types. Older adults reporting lower PA oriented attention more quickly to positive stimuli, but took longer to disengage from negative. These results suggest that there may be a relationship between the ability to flexibly disengage from negative content and PA for older, but not younger adults, and also highlight the importance of teasing apart specific attentional processes when evaluating positivity effects.

Oxygen uptake kinetics for moderate exercise are speeded in older humans by prior heavy exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry W. Scheuermann ◽  
Chris Bell ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
Thomas J. Barstow ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Warm Up

This study examined the effect of heavy-intensity warm-up exercise on O2 uptake (V˙o 2) kinetics at the onset of moderate-intensity (80% ventilation threshold), constant-work rate exercise in eight older (65 ± 2 yr) and seven younger adults (26 ± 1 yr). Step increases in work rate from loadless cycling to moderate exercise (Mod1), heavy exercise, and moderate exercise (Mod2) were performed. Each exercise bout was 6 min in duration and separated by 6 min of loadless cycling.V˙o 2 kinetics were modeled from the onset of exercise by use of a two-component exponential model. Heart rate (HR) kinetics were modeled from the onset of exercise using a single exponential model. During Mod1, the time constant (τ) for the predominant rise in V˙o 2(τV˙o 2) was slower ( P < 0.05) in the older adults (50 ± 10 s) than in young adults (19 ± 5 s). The older adults demonstrated a speeding ( P < 0.05) of V˙o 2kinetics when moderate-intensity exercise (Mod2) was preceded by high-intensity warm-up exercise (τV˙o 2, 27 ± 3 s), whereas young adults showed no speeding of V˙o 2kinetics (τV˙o 2, 17 ± 3 s). In the older and younger adults, baseline HR preceding Mod2was elevated compared with Mod1, but the τ for HR kinetics was slowed ( P < 0.05) in Mod2only for the older adults. Prior heavy-intensity exercise in old, but not young, adults speeded V˙o 2 kinetics during Mod2. Despite slowed HR kinetics in Mod2in the older adults, an elevated baseline HR before the onset of Mod2 may have led to sufficient muscle perfusion and O2 delivery. These results suggest that, when muscle blood flow and O2 delivery are adequate, muscle O2consumption in both old and young adults is limited by intracellular processes within the exercising muscle.

Expectations for Communication with Positive and Negative Subtypes of Older Adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Harwood ◽  
Angie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Identity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
To Receive

The study uses a recently-developed scale for eliciting perceptions, expectations, and evaluations of intergenerational communication. As predicted, it is found that younger adults expect to experience more anxiety, receive more complaining, and receive lower levels of attunement from an older adult who is portrayed as “despondent” than one who is portrayed as a “perfect grandparent.” In addition, younger adults with more negative attitudes toward older adults expect to experience more negative affect, anxiety, and communication apprehension, to feel more compassion for the older adult, and to receive lower levels of attunement and more complaining from the older adult than those with more positive attitudes. Surprisingly, younger adults with higher levels of young age identification expect to experience lower levels of apprehension, more attunement from the older adult, and to feel more compassion for the older adult than those with lower levels of age identity. These findings are discussed in terms of theoretical models of intergenerational communication, in particular the communication predicament model. In addition, younger people's feelings of having “helped” an older person are discussed in the context of intergroup theory.

scholarly journals Age Group Differences in Response to Repeated Exposure to Laboratory Stress Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 772-772
Author(s):  
James Miller ◽  
Gloria Luong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Affect Reactivity ◽  
And Task

Abstract Research examining age differences in affect reactivity (i.e. how much affective experiences change in response to stressors) has produced mixed results, suggesting that there are areas of relative strength and weakness in regulatory processes across age-groups. The present study’s goals were to examine potential age-group differences in affect reactivity and subjective task-appraisals across repeated exposures to a psychosocial laboratory stressor. In the Health and Daily Experiences (HEADE) study, younger (18-35 years old; n=107) and older adults (60-90 years old; n=90) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test on three occasions in a laboratory setting over a five-day period. Current affective experiences and task-appraisals were assessed at each session using validated self-report scales, with current affective experiences measured at baseline and task periods to determine affect reactivity. Repeated measures ANOVA analyses were conducted to examine age-group differences in affect reactivity and task-appraisals across sessions. In support of our hypotheses, younger adults showed greater reductions in their negative affect reactivity over time compared to older adults [F(2, 390)= 8.18, p&lt;.001]. Additionally, younger adults’ appraisals of task-difficulty decreased [F(2, 384)= 14.79, p&lt;.001] and appraisals of task-performance increased [F(2,384)= 13.39, p&lt;.001] across sessions, while older adults’ task-appraisals remained stable. Age-group differences in negative affect reactivity and task-difficulty appraisals were not evident for the first session and only emerged after repeated exposure to the stressors. These results highlight the importance of identifying age-related vulnerabilities in adapting to repeated stressors, with implications for designing effective interventions aimed at improving health and well-being for older adults.

scholarly journals Change in Daily Negative Affect Across 20 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Jennifer Piazza ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Susan Charles
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
National Study ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract The current study examined levels of daily NA among people (N=413) who participated in three waves of the National Study of Daily Experiences (~1996; ~2008; ~2017). At each wave, participants reported how often they had experienced six negative emotional experiences every day for eight consecutive days. Cross-sectional analyses at each time-point show age-related decreases in NA. Trajectories over time, however, were moderated by age (Est = .006, SE = .002, p = .001), revealing a curvilinear pattern. Among people who were 25-50 years-old at the first wave, daily NA decreased over time, with decreases more pronounced among the younger adults. For people at least 50 years-old at the start of the study, daily NA increased over time, with the slopes steepest for older adults. Findings indicate that cross-sectional and longitudinal age-related patterns in NA differ when examining data collected from 1996 to 2017.

Emotion dynamics across adulthood in everyday life: Older adults are more emotionally stable and better at regulating desires

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy A. Burr ◽  
Jaime J. Castrellon ◽  
David Zald ◽  
Gregory Russell Samanez-Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Hallmark Feature

Older adults report experiencing improved emotional health, such as more intense positive affect and less intense negative affect. However, there are mixed findings on whether older adults are better at regulating emotion—a hallmark feature of emotional health—and most research is based on laboratory studies that may not capture how people regulate their emotions in everyday life. We used experience sampling to examine how multiple measures of emotional health, including mean affect, dynamic fluctuations between affective states and the ability to resist desires—a common form of emotion regulation—differ in daily life across adulthood. Participants (N = 122, ages 20-80) reported how they were feeling and responding to desire temptations for 10 days. Older adults experienced more intense positive affect, less intense negative affect and were more emotionally stable, even after controlling for individual differences in global life satisfaction. Older adults were more successful at regulating desires, even though they experienced more intense desires than younger adults. In addition, adults in general experiencing more intense affect were less successful at resisting desires. These results demonstrate how emotional experience is related to more successful desire regulation in everyday life and provide unique evidence that emotional health and regulation improve with age.

scholarly journals Visuo-Proprioceptive Control of the Hand in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Block ◽  
Brandon M. Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract To control hand movement, we have both vision and proprioception, or position sense. The brain is known to integrate these to reduce variance. Here we ask whether older adults integrate vision and proprioception in a way that minimizes variance as young adults do, and whether older subjects compensate for an imposed visuo-proprioceptive mismatch as young adults do. Ten healthy older adults (mean age 69) and 10 healthy younger adults (mean age 19) participated. Subjects were asked to estimate the position of visual, proprioceptive, and combined targets, with no direct vision of either hand. After a veridical baseline block, a spatial visuo-proprioceptive misalignment was gradually imposed by shifting the visual component forward from the proprioceptive component without the subject’s awareness. Older subjects were more variable than young subjects at estimating both visual and proprioceptive target positions. Older subjects tended to rely more heavily on vision than proprioception compared to younger subjects. However, the weighting of vision vs. proprioception was correlated with minimum variance predictions for both older and younger adults, suggesting that variance-minimizing mechanisms are present to some degree in older adults. Visual and proprioceptive realignment were similar for young and older subjects in the misalignment block, suggesting older subjects are able to realign as much as young subjects. These results suggest that intact multisensory processing in older adults should be explored as a potential means of mitigating degradation in individual sensory systems.

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