Present-Future Self-Continuity and Intergenerational Communication as Predictors of Young Adults’ Evaluations of Older Adults and Attitudes Toward Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 0261927X2110685
Author(s):  
Jessica Gasiorek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Attitudes Toward Aging ◽  
Future Self

This study examined how young adults’ perceived similarity to their future self at age 70 ( present-future self-continuity) and experiences of environmental “chatter” about aging predicted their views of older adults, and their anxiety and efficacy related to aging. Experiencing nonaccommodation from older adults predicted greater anxiety, lower efficacy, and more negative views of older adults; greater present-future self-continuity predicted higher efficacy about aging. Young adults’ present-future self-continuity also moderated the effects of accommodation from older adults on these outcomes.

Perceptions of Intergenerational Communication across Cultures: An Italian Case

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Giles ◽  
Dawna Ballard ◽  
Robert M. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Italian American ◽  
Anglo American

406 Anglo-American, Italian-American, and Italian (Northern and Southern Italy) students were asked to evaluate past conversations with same-age peers, i.e., 17 to 30 years, and older adults, i.e., 65 years and older While according older adults more deference, all cultural groups perceived older adults as more rigid and nonaccommodating than younger adults. Exchanges with older adults were reported as having more negative affect than were those with other young adults, and were also more likely to be avoided.

scholarly journals Young Adults’ Perceptions of Intergenerational Communication: Mongolian and American Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Charles W. Choi ◽  
Howard Giles ◽  
Christopher Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Communication Satisfaction ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Cultural Contexts

This study examines Mongolian and American young adults’ perceptions of intergenerational communication, specifically with respect to age stereotypes, norms of respect, communication behavior, and communication satisfaction.  Using the Communication Predicament of Aging Model as a theoretical framework, the relationships between these variables are investigated using regression analyses.  Young adults from both cultural contexts were asked to evaluate prior interactions with both middle-aged and older adults.  The findings indicate a difference between how each generation is perceived, and the unique role of the middle-aged generation in Mongolia is evident.

scholarly journals People Internalized More Attitudes Toward Aging During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 602-603
Author(s):  
Chunyan Mai ◽  
Hiu Ling Vivian Tsang ◽  
Helene Fung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Attitudes Toward Aging ◽  
Internalization Process ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Older adults are viewed as being vulnerable to COVID-19. Previous research revealed that individuals would internalize or dissociate with attitudes toward aging when they aged. In this study, data collected before the COVID-19 pandemic were compared with those collected during the pandemic to assess whether the pandemic might make older adults internalize or dissociate with attitudes toward aging to a greater extent.123 Hong Kong participants (50.4% females, M=60.59±13.28 years old) were recruited in a two-wave survey (wave 1 in 2018 and wave 2 in 2020) on attitudes toward aging and future self-views. After comparing the correlations between attitudes toward aging and future self-views in the two waves, we found stronger positive correlations between these 2 variables in wave 2 than in wave 1 in the personality and finance domains, but not in the family, independence, or health domains. These findings suggest that internalization of attitudes toward aging might be domain-specific. The pandemic might make older adults more likely to internalize positive personality attitudes toward aging and negative finance attitudes toward aging into their future self-views. Professionals may consider utilizing the internalization process to promote a positive attitude toward aging during the pandemic.

Does perceived normativity of intergenerational contact enhance the effects of imagined intergenerational contact?

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022093454
Author(s):  
Craig Fowler ◽  
Jake Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Third Person

Two experiments investigated effects of imagined intergroup contact (IIC) on young adults’ stereotypical perceptions of and intention to communicate with older adults. Both studies tested a third-person variant of IIC (extended IIC). Also, Study 1 explicitly manipulated the perceived normativity of intergenerational contact by providing relevant information, and Study 2 implicitly manipulated perceived normativity via task repetition. In Study 1, IIC (including extended IIC) had few effects. However, the explicit norms manipulation changed perceptions of norms, which improved perceptions of older adults and increased desire for future intergenerational communication. In Study 2, some forms of IIC reduced intergenerational anxiety, which translated into more positive intergenerational perceptions. Moreover, repeated IIC had positive effects on intergenerational perceptions that were mediated by perceptions of norms and that persisted for a week. We advocate more attention to the effect of IIC on norms, and to the conditions under which IIC works (and does not).

Task-Switching Training and Transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Anna Gaál ◽  
István Czigler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Far Transfer ◽  
Near Transfer ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Transfer Tasks

Abstract. We used task-switching (TS) paradigms to study how cognitive training can compensate age-related cognitive decline. Thirty-nine young (age span: 18–25 years) and 40 older (age span: 60–75 years) women were assigned to training and control groups. The training group received 8 one-hour long cognitive training sessions in which the difficulty level of TS was individually adjusted. The other half of the sample did not receive any intervention. The reference task was an informatively cued TS paradigm with nogo stimuli. Performance was measured on reference, near-transfer, and far-transfer tasks by behavioral indicators and event-related potentials (ERPs) before training, 1 month after pretraining, and in case of older adults, 1 year later. The results showed that young adults had better pretraining performance. The reference task was too difficult for older adults to form appropriate representations as indicated by the behavioral data and the lack of P3b components. But after training older adults reached the level of performance of young participants, and accordingly, P3b emerged after both the cue and the target. Training gain was observed also in near-transfer tasks, and partly in far-transfer tasks; working memory and executive functions did not improve, but we found improvement in alerting and orienting networks, and in the execution of variants of TS paradigms. Behavioral and ERP changes remained preserved even after 1 year. These findings suggest that with an appropriate training procedure older adults can reach the level of performance seen in young adults and these changes persist for a long period. The training also affects the unpracticed tasks, but the transfer depends on the extent of task similarities.

Inefficient Encoding as an Explanation for Age-Related Deficits in Recollection-Based Processing

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Friedman ◽  
Ray Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Face ◽  
Episodic Memories

A cardinal feature of aging is a decline in episodic memory (EM). Nevertheless, there is evidence that some older adults may be able to “compensate” for failures in recollection-based processing by recruiting brain regions and cognitive processes not normally recruited by the young. We review the evidence suggesting that age-related declines in EM performance and recollection-related brain activity (left-parietal EM effect; LPEM) are due to altered processing at encoding. We describe results from our laboratory on differences in encoding- and retrieval-related activity between young and older adults. We then show that, relative to the young, in older adults brain activity at encoding is reduced over a brain region believed to be crucial for successful semantic elaboration in a 400–1,400-ms interval (left inferior prefrontal cortex, LIPFC; Johnson, Nessler, & Friedman, 2013 ; Nessler, Friedman, Johnson, & Bersick, 2007 ; Nessler, Johnson, Bersick, & Friedman, 2006 ). This reduced brain activity is associated with diminished subsequent recognition-memory performance and the LPEM at retrieval. We provide evidence for this premise by demonstrating that disrupting encoding-related processes during this 400–1,400-ms interval in young adults affords causal support for the hypothesis that the reduction over LIPFC during encoding produces the hallmarks of an age-related EM deficit: normal semantic retrieval at encoding, reduced subsequent episodic recognition accuracy, free recall, and the LPEM. Finally, we show that the reduced LPEM in young adults is associated with “additional” brain activity over similar brain areas as those activated when older adults show deficient retrieval. Hence, rather than supporting the compensation hypothesis, these data are more consistent with the scaffolding hypothesis, in which the recruitment of additional cognitive processes is an adaptive response across the life span in the face of momentary increases in task demand due to poorly-encoded episodic memories.

Older adults consider others’ intentions less but allocentric outcomes more than young adults during an ultimatum game.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 974-980
Author(s):  
Isu Cho ◽  
Hyun-joo Song ◽  
Hackjin Kim ◽  
Sunhae Sul
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Ultimatum Game

scholarly journals The Hidden Cost of Age Oppression: Adultism, Ageism, and Interest in Serving Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 594-594
Author(s):  
Katherine King ◽  
Kirsten Graham ◽  
Briana Reid ◽  
Molly Church ◽  
Juan Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Psychology Doctoral Students ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Psychology Doctoral

Abstract Adultism is an underappreciated influence on young adults’ career choices and a hidden contributing factor to the geropsychology workforce shortage. This study reports on the development of an Adultist Concerns scale and its correlations with several factors relevant to careers in aging. Clinical psychology doctoral students (n = 109) completed the new scale along with measures of ageism, training interests, and experience working with older adults. The Adultist Concerns scale had strong internal consistency (α = .952) and factor loadings .853 and .929. Females scored significantly higher than males (p = .003). There were significant positive correlations between Adultist Concerns and both overall ageist behaviors (p = .002) and negative ageist behaviors specifically (p = .002). Adultist concerns were significantly negatively correlated with age (p = .000), interest in working with older adults (p = .003), and experience with this population (p = .043).

scholarly journals Asking Young Adults about Their Attitudes toward and Knowledge of Sex in Later Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 870-871
Author(s):  
Iulia Fratila ◽  
Liza Berdychevsky
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Intercept Survey ◽  
Knowledge Practice ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract Sexual expression is a lifelong need related to health and wellbeing. However, older adults’ sexuality is often neglected and stigmatized due to societal ageist stereotypes portraying them as asexual. Although baby boomers’ generation resists such portrayals, societal acceptance of sexuality in later life is slow to materialize. The purpose of this study was to explore this acceptance among young adults while focusing on three research questions: (1) How much do young adults know about older adults’ sexuality and how do they feel about it? (2) Do young adults’ knowledge and views of later-life sexuality vary by gender? (3) Do young adults’ views of later-life sexuality vary based on their general attitudes toward sexuality? Data collection included online and intercept survey methods. The sample (N=270) was young (M=21.58 years, SD=4.32) and included 149 women and 113 men. Results revealed that young adults had medium levels of knowledge, yet rather permissive/open-minded attitudes regarding later-life sexuality. Higher levels of knowledge were unrelated to more permissive attitudes. Independent samples t-test revealed no differences by gender in young adults’ knowledge and attitudes. However, multiple regression results indicated that general liberal attitudes toward sexuality (β=.772, t=17.867, p=.000) and viewing sex as leisure activity (β=.147, t=3.338, p=.001) are significant predictors of having more permissive/open-minded attitudes toward older adults’ sexuality (R2=.557, F(3,266)=111.390, p=.000). These findings suggest that socio-psychological (rather than cognitive and demographic) factors drive the acceptance of later-life sexuality among young adults. This study offers valuable insights for knowledge, practice, and advocacy concerning older adults’ sexuality.

scholarly journals Opioid Literacy in an Immigrant Group in Rural Area: Use of Social Determinant of Health Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Jieun Song ◽  
Jamie Gajos ◽  
Yan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Middle Aged

Abstract Opioid overdose risk is particularly high in immigrant communities partly due to limited English proficiency (Guarino et al., 2015). Previous studies reported that social determinants of health (SDH) have been associated with risk for opioid overdose (Dasgupta et al., 2018). The current study examines the association between SDH and literacy of opioid overdose risk among the immigrant population living in a rural area. Specifically, we examine the association in various age groups including young adults (aged 20 to 34), middle-aged (aged 35 to 49), and older adults (ages 50 to 75). Data were drawn from a sample of Korean American immigrants residing in rural Alabama (N=225). The participants administered the Brief Opioid Knowledge (BOOK) Questionnaire (Dunn et al., 2016). Multiple regression analyses were conducted for three age groups to identify predictors of opioid literacy. Overall, older adults had lower levels of opioid literacy relative to their younger counterparts. Among young adults, low English proficiency, more chronic conditions, and greater depressive symptoms were significant predictors of limited opioid literacy. For the middle-aged adults, lower levels of health literacy and more pain symptoms were associated with limited opioid literacy. Among older adults, women, those with higher English proficiency, and lower health literacy had lower levels of opioid literacy. The findings demonstrated a greater vulnerability of older immigrants to limited opioid literacy. Different predictors based on SDH of limited opioid literacy across age groups have implications for tailored health promotion strategies to reduce opioid overdose risk.

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