Interaction of Ability Level and Interpolated Activity (Opportunity for Incubation) in Human Problem Solving

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Murray ◽  
J. Peter Denny
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Functional Fixedness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Human Problem ◽  
Activity Condition ◽  
Low Ability

Performance on a functional fixedness problem was investigated under conditions of continuous work on the problem vs interpolation of unrelated activity, and in Ss of low vs high problem-solving ability. The performance of low-ability Ss was most proficient under the interpolated-activity condition, whereas for high-ability Ss performance was best under continuous work. It was suggested that different types of problem-solving processes occurred in low- and high-ability Ss, and that interpolated activity influenced these processes in opposite ways.

The Effects of Level of Knowledge upon Human Problem Solving in a Process Control Task

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Morris ◽  
William B. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Stable Manner ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Human Problem

The question of what the operator of a dynamic system needs to know was investigated in an experiment using PLANT, a generic simulation of a process. Knowledge of PLANT was manipulated via different types of instructions, so that four different groups were created: 1) Minimal instructions only; 2) Minimal instructions + guidelines for operation (Procedures); 3) Minimal instructions + dynamic relationships (Principles); 4) Minimal instructions + Procedures + Principles. Subjects then controlled PLANT in a variety of familiar and unfamiliar situations. Despite the fact that these manipulations resulted in differences in subjects' knowledge as assessed via a written test at the end of the experiment, instructions had no effect upon achievement of the primary goal of production; however, those groups receiving Procedures controlled the system in a more stable manner. Principles had no apparent effect upon subjects' performance. There was no difference between groups in diagnosis of unfamiliar events.

scholarly journals How Indonesian Students Use the Polya’s General Problem Solving Steps

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hari Pratikno ◽  
Endah Retnowati
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
General Problem ◽  
High Ability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Junior Secondary School ◽  
Junior Secondary ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Low Ability

General problem-solving steps consist of understanding the problem, developing a plan, implementing the plan and checking the result. The purpose of this study is to explore how well Indonesia junior secondary school students apply these four steps in solving mathematical problems, especially on plane geometry topics. Using a qualitative approach, with a sample of nine students, of which three students were from the low mathematics achievement category, three from the medium and three from the high category, were given a test and instructed to write the answers to each question step by step. The results were described and categorized into four groups. The first group consisted of students who used all of the four steps. The second and the third were for students who used the first three steps or the first two steps respectively. The fourth group was for those who could only show the first step. The study indicated that for this sample the level of mathematic ability corresponded to how the students applied their problem-solving steps. It was found that students with high ability were included in the first group, while those with moderate ability were in the second group. Low ability students were categorized into group four. Nevertheless, there was one student with high ability who did not to do the checking step and there was one student with low ability who was able to develop a plan.

scholarly journals Effect of blended learning on students’ ability level and achievement in senior secondary geography in three education zones in niger state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Abubakar Yahya Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Scores ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Achievement Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Ability

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of student ability levels on the average value (x̄) of academic achievement of students in geography and the influence of method interactions and abilities on the average achievement score (x̄) of students in geography Methodology: The research design for the study was Quasi-experimental. Niger is one of the 36 States in Nigeria, the state is bordered by Zamfara State in the North, Kebbi State and Benin Republic in North West, Kaduna State in           the North East, In the South it is bordered by Kogi State, South West by Kwara State and South East by Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja (Source: Geography Department FUT, Minna and Ministry of Land and Survey-Niger State, Minna). Main Findings: High ability level students had higher mean (x̄) achievement score that the low ability level students Also there is a significant difference between the mean (x̄) the achievement scores of low and high ability level students. Low ability level students who were taught geography using BLM had higher mean gain achievement score than the low ability level students taught using lecture methods while the high level ability students who were taught using BLM had higher mean gain achievement score than the high ability students taught using lecture method. It was further revealed that there is no significant interaction effect of method and ability level on the mean achievement scores in Geography.

scholarly journals DESKRIPSI KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL SISWA SMP DITINJAU BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN GENDER DAN KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusiana Prastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Low Ability

Spatial ability is closely related to the learning of geometry, such as helping students in solving geometry problems. This descriptive qualitative research aims to find out the profile of spatial ability of students in solving geometry problems in accordance with spatial ability indicator that has been prepared that is spatial perception, spatial visualization, mental rotation, spatial relation, and spatial orientation reviewed based on gender differences and students with math skills.The subjects of this study were 6 people consisting of 3 men with high, moderate, and low ability level and 3 women with high, moderate and low ability level. The determination of the subject is done by giving a math test. Instrument in the research is a test of math ability, spatial ability test, and interview guidance. Subjects were given spatial ability tests and interviews to obtain data and then analyzed the data collected. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that high-ability male students and high-ability female students have relatively equal ability. Furthermore for the capable male students having all the spatial abilities. While female students are capable of not having the ability to spatially rotate the mind (mental rotation).

scholarly journals TEKNIK POLYA DALAM PENYELESAIAN MASALAH GEOMETRI

Sigma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Rahma Wahyu
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Story Problems ◽  
Story Problem ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
Low Ability

This study aims to analyze the steps for solving mathematical problems by students' understanding of the geometric material in story problems based on the Polya technique. This research was conducted in one of the Islamic elementary schools in Batu City on six students in grade 6. The approach taken is to use a descriptive qualitative approach. The research was carried out using triangulation methods, namely observing the problem-solving process, interviews, and reviewing documents (students' work). Interviews in this study were conducted with several students, namely two high ability people, two low ability people, and two medium ability people. The analysis was carried out by concluding the data obtained based on the observations that have been made. The study results showed that the Polya technique showed different results on the results of solving the problems of each category of students in solving story problems about the area of squares and rectangles. Based on these results, it can be seen that students' understanding of the geometry material on the story problem.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM IN COMPLETING THE PROBLEM OF THE STORY BASED ON THE STEPS OF THE PATTERN IN COMPARATIVE MATERIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mindo Hotmaida Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Story Problems ◽  
High Ability Student ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Ability Students ◽  
Ability Student ◽  
Low Ability

Each student has different abilities in problem solving, especially in story problems. Haji (1994: 13) suggests that questions that can be used to determine students' abilities in the field of mathematics study can take the form of story problems. The purpose of this research is to describe the ability of students to solve mathematical problems in solving comparative story problems based on Polya's steps. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. Three (3) subjects were taken from students of class VIIA at SMP Negeri 1 Wamena consisting of one high ability student, one medium ability student, and one low ability student. Retrieval of data taken by the test and interview methods. The test used was in the form of a description test of three (3) questions. Based on the research results obtained: the ability to solve mathematical problems in High Ability Students (SKT) can do all the problem solving comparative story problems based on Polya steps, while the Medium Ability Students (SKS) there are two questions that have not fully taken Polya's steps specifically implementing the completion plan and check again. For Low Ability Students (SKR) almost all the questions given cannot be solved using Polya steps.Keywords: Problem solving, Polya steps, comparison problems.

Effect of Ability Level upon Retention of a Balance Skill after Two Years

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert V. Carron
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Average Ability ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
Reminiscence Effect ◽  
Balance Skill ◽  
Low Ability

The interactive effects of ability level and a 2-yr. layoff upon forgetting of a balance skill were examined. In an earlier study, Carron and Marteniuk (1970) tested 150 male Ss on the stabilometer, ranked them according to their initial ability level and selected 3 groups ( N = 20 in each) which consisted of the best performers (high-ability group), the worst performers (low-ability group) and the performers scoring closest to the median (average-ability group). No differences were evident following a 1- or a 7-day layoff but a significant interaction (resulting from a reminiscence effect for the high-ability group combined with forgetting for the average- and low-ability groups) was present following a 14-day layoff. Ss from the three ability groups were retested (high ability, N = 9; average ability, N = 8; and low ability, N = 13). While all groups showed forgetting and the high-ability Ss had a considerably smaller percentage of forgetting (23.8% for the high-ability versus 41.5% and 46.0% for the average- and low-ability groups), the interaction between ability groups and forgetting just failed to reach significance.

scholarly journals DESKRIPSI KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL SISWA SMP DITINJAU BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN GENDER DAN KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Yogi Prastyo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Low Ability

Spatial ability is closely related to the learning of geometry, such as helping students in solving geometry problems. This descriptive qualitative research aims to find out the profile of spatial ability of students in solving geometry problems in accordance with spatial ability indicator that has been prepared that is spatial perception, spatial visualization, mental rotation, spatial relation, and spatial orientation reviewed based on gender differences and students with math skills.The subjects of this study were 6 people consisting of 3 men with high, moderate, and low ability level and 3 women with high, moderate and low ability level. The determination of the subject is done by giving a math test. Instrument in the research is a test of math ability, spatial ability test, and interview guidance. Subjects were given spatial ability tests and interviews to obtain data and then analyzed the data collected. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that high-ability male students and high-ability female students have relatively equal ability. Furthermore for the capable male students having all the spatial abilities. While female students are capable of not having the ability to spatially rotate the mind (mental rotation). Keywords: Spatial ability, gender, mathematics ability.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERFIKIR KRITIS MELALUI PENGENALAN FUNGSI JAM DAN KONSEP WAKTU DENGAN TEORI SCHOENFELD MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH ANAK TK

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Wasilatur Rofiqoh ◽  
Iza Syahroni ◽  
Eva Latipah
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
High Ability ◽  
High Ability Student ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Children’S Thinking ◽  
Ability Student ◽  
Low Ability

The problem that arises in this study is “How to analyze children’s thinking skills in solving a problem of introducing the function of the clock and the concept of time with Schoenfels’s theory”. In detail, the problem of how student’s critical thinking skills will be discussed in accordance with the five steps of problem solving according to Schoenfeld, namely Reading, Analysis, Exploration, Implementation, and Verification. Data collection through the method of tests, interviews, and documentation with the subject is three people selected with the criteria of one high- ability student, one medium- ability student, and one low- ability student. This research is qualitative, because the type of data in this study is qualitative in the form if description of words or sentences in the form of a picture. The result of the study concluded that of the three subjects who had high, medium, and low abilities there were differences in critical thinking abilities. In short, the subject with high ability is able to master 12 indicators of critical thinking well, while the subject with moderae ability is able to master 7 of the 12 existing indicators of critical thinking, and the subject with low ability is only able to master 5 of the 12 existing indicators of critical thinking. Abstrak Masalah yang muncul dalam penelitian ini yaitu “ Bagaimana analisa kemampuan berfikir anak dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah pengenalan fungsi jam dan konsep waktu dengan teori Schoenfeld”. Secara rinci permasalahan bagaimana kemampuan berfikir kritis siswa yang akan dibahas sesuai dengan  lima langkah pemecahan masalah menurut Schoenfeld yaitu Reading, Analysis, Exploration, Implementation, dan Verification. Pengumpulan data melalui metode tes,  wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan subjek adalah tiga orang yang dipilih dengan kriteria satu orang siswa berkemampuan tinggi, satu orang siswa berkemampuan sedang, dan satu orang siswa berkemampuan rendah. Penelitian Ini termasuk kualitatif , karena jenis data dalam penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif berupa deskripsi kata- kata ataupun kalimat dalam bentuk gamber. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa dari tiga subjek yang mempunyai kemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah ada perbedaan dalam kemampuan berfikir kritis. Secara singkat yaitu subjek yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi mampu menguasai 12 indikator- indikator berfikir kritis dengan baik, sedangkan subjek berkemampuan sedang mampu mneguasai 7 dari 12 indikator berfikir kritis yang ada, dan subjek berkemampuan rendah hanya mampu mnguasai 5 dari 12 indikator berfikir kritis yang ada. Kata Kunci:  Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis, Teori Schoenfeld

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