Reconstruction of Personal Constructs following Predictive Failure: Influences of Stereotypy in Thinking and Invalidation Level

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-846
Author(s):  
Lynn S. Johnson ◽  
Robert C. Bennion
Keyword(s):  
Replication Study ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Personal Constructs ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Predictive Failure

Two social predictions based individually on the personal constructs of 23 adults were subjected to different levels of invalidation in a replication study. The nonreplication suggests that high invalidation does not effect more change in stereotyped than independent constructs; the meaning of the steretotype may make it either more or less open to reconstructions. Methodological issues relating to the replication attempt are discussed.

scholarly journals Improving the Measurement of Functional Somatic Symptoms With Item Response Theory

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112094715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Acevedo-Mesa ◽  
Jorge Nunes Tendeiro ◽  
Annelieke Roest ◽  
Judith G. M. Rosmalen ◽  
Rei Monden
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
Different Levels

More than 40 questionnaires have been developed to assess functional somatic symptoms (FSS), but there are several methodological issues regarding the measurement of FSS. We aimed to identify which items of the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist–90 (SCL-90) are more informative and discriminative between persons at different levels of severity of FSS. To this end, item response theory was applied to the somatization scale of the SCL-90, collected from a sample of 82,740 adult participants without somatic conditions in the Lifelines Cohort Study. Sensitivity analyses were performed with all the participants who completed the somatization scale. Both analyses showed that Items 11 “feeling weak physically” and 12 “heavy feelings in arms or legs” were the most discriminative and informative to measure severity levels of FSS, regardless of somatic conditions. Clinicians and researchers may pay extra attention to these symptoms to augment the assessment of FSS.

scholarly journals A cross-linguistic and bilingual evaluation of the interdependence between lexical and grammatical domains

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA SIMON-CEREIJIDO ◽  
VERA F. GUTIÉRREZ-CLELLEN
Keyword(s):  
Latino Children ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Bilingual Learners ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine within- and across-language relationships between lexical and grammatical domains by focusing on measures of lexical diversity and grammatical complexity in Spanish and English. One hundred ninety-six preschool and school-aged Latino children with different levels of English and Spanish proficiencies and different language abilities produced narratives in Spanish, English, or both. Analyses revealed strong associations between lexical (number of different words and number of different verbs) and grammatical measures (mean length of utterances in words and use of ditransitive predicates), supporting the domain interdependence hypothesis within a language. Cross-linguistic comparisons indicate a greater diversity of verbs and ditransitive predicates in Spanish compared to English for this population. In the language samples of children who produced narratives in the two languages, there was no relationship between the two domains across languages. The lack of cross-language correlations may be related to other variables influencing lexical and semantic development in bilingual learners. Methodological issues to be considered in future studies with bilingual speakers are discussed.

scholarly journals Cognitions and Practices of Iranian ELT Instructors and Content Teachers in Teaching Discipline-Based EAP Courses: A Replication Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Soleimani ◽  
Ahmad Alibabaee
Keyword(s):  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Field Note ◽  
Research Studies ◽  
Current Practices

Although research studies on methodological issues of English for General Purposes are abundant in the literature, they are still one of the less explored areas of research in English for Academic Purposes, especially with respect to teachers’ cognitions and practices. Also, lack of collaboration between ELT instructors and content teachers in teaching discipline-based EAP courses has resulted in noticeable inconsistencies in the two groups’ instructions. The present study was an extension of Atai and Fatahi-Majd (2014) and explored the cognitions and practices within and across six Iranian ELT instructors and six content teachers regarding their translation-based, form focused, feedback and vocabulary teaching activities. Each participant was observed for six sessions. Field note taking and semi-structured interviews were also done with the two groups of teachers so as to delve into the cognitions underlying their actual practices. The general findings supported Atai and Fatahi (2014) in all the areas under investigation where there were within group inconsistences and across-group discrepancies within and between the two groups of teachers respectively with content teachers being much more inconsistent than ELT instructors in terms of their practices and cognitions. The findings of the study have implications for renewing the current practices of ELT instructors and content teachers teaching discipline-based EAP courses worldwide.

scholarly journals The Trinity Lancaster Corpus

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Gablasova ◽  
Vaclav Brezina ◽  
Tony McEnery
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Corpus Construction ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This paper introduces a new corpus resource for language learning research, the Trinity Lancaster Corpus (TLC), which contains 4.2 million words of interaction between L1 and L2 speakers of English. The corpus includes spoken production from over 2,000 L2 speakers from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds at different levels of proficiency engaged in two to four tasks. The paper provides a description of the TLC and places it in the context of current learner corpus development and research. The discussion of practical decisions taken in the construction of the TLC also enables a critical reflection on current methodological issues in corpus construction.

World Finance for Everyone (Peculiarities of Developing and Teaching the Inter-faculty Course)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leonova ◽  
Petr Patron
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Course Development ◽  
State University ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Moscow State University ◽  
Global Financial System ◽  
Different Levels

This article focuses on the methodological issues and problems of development and teaching interfaculty courses at MV Lomonosov Moscow State University (IFC MSU) based on the practical experience of teaching interfaculty course «Development of the global financial system» in 2013 and 2014. The paper presents the methodological approaches that have been used in the development of the course, and analyzes the main problems encountered during the process of drawing up a teaching course for the audience with different levels of basic economic knowldege. The authors also develop methodological solutions that enable make a basic 24-hour lecture course more interactive and complete content.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

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