Generalizing Impact of Object Language to other Audiences: Peer Response to Office Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McElroy ◽  
Paula C. Morrow ◽  
Larry C. Wall
Keyword(s):  
College Faculty ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Peer Response ◽  
Object Language ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Office Design ◽  
Differential Weighting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Symbol Display

Research on the impact of office design has relied on samples of students. To evaluate the external generalizability of previous findings, the relationships among three design elements (desk placement, status symbol display, tidiness) and visitors' impressions (visitors' feelings, attributions about the officerholder) were examined among 64 college faculty. Using a slide-simulation methodology, more favorable visitors' reactions and normatively desirable attributions were associated with non-barrier desk placement and an intermediate level of tidiness. Status symbol display had little effect. A comparison of faculty responses with previous student-based research shows that both audiences react in a similar manner, albeit with a differential weighting patterns, to the nonverbal cues suggested by interior office design.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation Methodology to Assess the Impact of Ambient Wind on Emissions from a Light-Commercial Vehicle Running on the Worldwide-Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Alexandros T. Zachiotis ◽  
Evangelos G. Giakoumis
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Ambient Wind ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

A Monte Carlo simulation methodology is suggested in order to assess the impact of ambient wind on a vehicle’s performance and emissions. A large number of random wind profiles is generated by implementing the Weibull and uniform statistical distributions for wind speed and direction, respectively. Wind speed data are drawn from eight cities across Europe. The vehicle considered is a diesel-powered, turbocharged, light-commercial vehicle and the baseline trip is the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicles WLTC cycle. A detailed engine-mapping approach is used as the basis for the results, complemented with experimentally derived correction coefficients to account for engine transients. The properties of interest are (engine-out) NO and soot emissions, as well as fuel and energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Results from this study show that there is an aggregate increase in all properties, vis-à-vis the reference case (i.e., zero wind), if ambient wind is to be accounted for in road load calculation. Mean wind speeds for the different sites examined range from 14.6 km/h to 24.2 km/h. The average increase in the properties studied, across all sites, ranges from 0.22% up to 2.52% depending on the trip and the property (CO2, soot, NO, energy consumption) examined. Based on individual trip assessment, it was found that especially at high vehicle speeds where wind drag becomes the major road load force, CO2 emissions may increase by 28%, NO emissions by 22%, and soot emissions by 13% in the presence of strong headwinds. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the adverse effect of headwinds far exceeds the positive effect of tailwinds, thus explaining the overall increase in fuel/energy consumption as well as emissions, while also highlighting the shortcomings of the current certification procedure, which neglects ambient wind effects.

scholarly journals Conceptualising natural and quasi experiments in public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank de Vocht ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Cheryl McQuire ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Target Trial ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Natural or quasi experiments are appealing for public health research because they enable the evaluation of events or interventions that are difficult or impossible to manipulate experimentally, such as many policy and health system reforms. However, there remains ambiguity in the literature about their definition and how they differ from randomized controlled experiments and from other observational designs. We conceptualise natural experiments in the context of public health evaluations and align the study design to the Target Trial Framework. Methods A literature search was conducted, and key methodological papers were used to develop this work. Peer-reviewed papers were supplemented by grey literature. Results Natural experiment studies (NES) combine features of experiments and non-experiments. They differ from planned experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, in that exposure allocation is not controlled by researchers. They differ from other observational designs in that they evaluate the impact of events or process that leads to differences in exposure. As a result they are, in theory, less susceptible to bias than other observational study designs. Importantly, causal inference relies heavily on the assumption that exposure allocation can be considered ‘as-if randomized’. The target trial framework provides a systematic basis for evaluating this assumption and the other design elements that underpin the causal claims that can be made from NES. Conclusions NES should be considered a type of study design rather than a set of tools for analyses of non-randomized interventions. Alignment of NES to the Target Trial framework will clarify the strength of evidence underpinning claims about the effectiveness of public health interventions.

scholarly journals Biophilic office design: Exploring the impact of a multisensory approach on human well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. 101682
Author(s):  
Sara Aristizabal ◽  
Kunjoon Byun ◽  
Paige Porter ◽  
Nicholas Clements ◽  
Carolina Campanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Office Design ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Design Elements on Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Educational Outcomes in Simulation Education: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jackson ◽  
Lauren McTier ◽  
Laura A Brooks ◽  
Rochelle Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Although simulation-based education (SBE) has become increasingly popular as a mode of teaching in undergraduate nursing courses its effect on associated student learning outcomes remains ambiguous. Educational outcomes are influenced by SBE quality that is governed by technology, training, resources and SBE design elements. This paper reports the protocol for a systematic review to identify, appraise and synthesise the best available evidence regarding the impact of SBE on undergraduate nurses’ learning outcomes. Methods: Databases to be searched from 1st of January 1990 include the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), American Psychological Association (APA) PsycInfo and the Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC) via the EBSCO host platform. The Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) will be searched via the OVID platform. We will review the reference lists of relevant articles for additional citations. A combination of search terms including ‘nursing students’, ‘simulation training, ‘patient simulation’, and ‘immersive simulation’ with common Boolean operators will be used. Specific search terms will be combined with either MeSH or Emtree terms and appropriate permutations for each database. Search findings will be imported into reference management software (Endnote© Version.X9) then uploaded into Covidence where two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and retrieved full text. A third reviewer will be available to resolve conflicts and moderate consensus discussions. Quantitative primary research studies evaluating the effect of SBE on undergraduate nursing students’ educational outcomes will be included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) will be used for quality assessment of core criteria, in addition to the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I to assess risk of bias for randomised and non-randomised studies, respectively. Primary outcomes are any measure of knowledge, skills, or attitude. Discussion: SBE has been widely adopted by healthcare disciplines in tertiary teaching settings. This systematic review will reveal (i) the effect of SBE on learning outcomes, (ii) SBE element variability, and (iii) interplay between SBE elements and learning outcome. Findings will specify SBE design elements to inform the design and implementation of future strategies for simulation-based undergraduate nursing education.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42021244530

The Impact Of Content And Design Elements On Banner Advertising Click-Through Rates

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Lothia ◽  
Naveen Donthu ◽  
Edmund K. Hershberger
Keyword(s):  
Design Elements ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Development of a Numerical Investigation Framework for Ground Vehicle Platooning

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Charles Patrick Bounds ◽  
Sudhan Rajasekar ◽  
Mesbah Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Vehicle Platooning ◽  
Length Separation ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Far Wake

This paper presents a study on the flow dynamics involving vehicle interactions. In order to do so, this study first explores aerodynamic prediction capabilities of popular turbulence models used in computational fluid dynamics simulations involving tandem objects and thus, ultimately presents a framework for CFD simulations of ground vehicle platooning using a realistic vehicle model, DrivAer. Considering the availability of experimental data, the simulation methodology is first developed using a tandem arrangement of surface-mounted cubes which requires an understanding on the role of turbulence models and the impacts of the associated turbulence model closure coefficients on the prediction veracity. It was observed that the prediction accuracy of the SST k−ω turbulence model can be significantly improved through the use of a combination of modified values for the closure coefficients. Additionally, the initial validation studies reveal the inability of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach to resolve the far wake, and its frailty in simulating tandem body interactions. The Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulations (IDDES) approach can resolve the wakes with a reasonable accuracy. The validated simulation methodology is then applied to the fastback DrivAer model at different longitudinal spacing. The results show that, as the longitudinal spacing is reduced, the trailing car’s drag is increased while the leading car’s drag is decreased which supports prior explanations of vortex impingement as the reason for drag changes. Additionally, unlike the case of platooning involving Ahmed bodies, the trailing model drag does not return to an isolated state value at a two car-length separation. However, the impact of the resolution of the far wake of a detailed DrivAer model, and its implication on the CFD characterization of vehicle interaction aerodynamics need further investigations.

scholarly journals Impacto da metodologia de simulação realística na graduação de enfermagem

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseane Mota Santana Rohrs ◽  
Claudenice Ferreira Dos Santos ◽  
Ruana Dos Santos Barbosa ◽  
Renata Da Silva Schulz ◽  
Milena Bastos De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Private University ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
The Impact

RESUMOObjetivo: analisar o impacto da metodologia da simulação realística na visão dos acadêmicos de enfermagem. Método: estudo quanti-qualitativo, a partir da pesquisa-ação, utilizando questionário semiestruturado com amostra de 133 acadêmicos do 6º ao 10º semestre em uma Universidade privada. Resultados: 98% dos acadêmicos afirmaram gostar muito da aula com a metodologia de simulação; 97% relataram ter diferença na aprendizagem com a simulação; destes, 62% confirmaram ter maior rendimento no aprendizado quando utilizada a simulação com paciente simulado; e 35% mencionaram ter melhor rendimento quando utilizado o boneco estático. Conclusão: o estudo demonstrou impacto positivo da metodologia de simulação entre os acadêmicos ao demostrarem preferência no uso desta metodologia em detrimento ao método de ensino tradicional e que o uso dessa metodologia permite melhorias no processo de ensino-aprendizado. Descritores: Simulação; Enfermagem; Ensino; Educação. ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the impact of realistic simulation methodology on nursing students' view. Method: quantitative-qualitative study, based on action research, using a semistructured questionnaire with a sample of 133 students from the 6th to the 10th semester in a private university. Results: 98% of the students said they liked the classes with the simulation methodology; 97% stated they felt a difference in learning with the simulation; of these, 62% affirmed they had a higher learning achievement when using simulation with simulated patients; and 35% stated having higher learning achievement when using the static doll. Conclusion: the present study showed a positive impact of the simulation methodology among the students, demonstrating a preference in the use of this methodology in detriment to the traditional teaching method and that the use of this methodology allows improvements in the learning process. Descriptors: Simulation; Nursing; Teaching; Education; Learning.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar el impacto de la metodología de la simulación realística en la visión de los académicos de enfermería. Método: estudio cuantitivo-cualitativo, a partir de la investigación, utilizando cuestionario semi-estructurado con muestra de 133 académicos del 6º al 10º semestre en una Universidad privada. Resultados: 98% de los académicos afirmaron que gustaban mucho de la clase con la metodología de simulación; 97% relataron tener diferencia en el aprendije con la simulación; de este, 62% confirmaron tener mayor rendimiento en el aprendizado cuando utilizado la simulación con paciente simulado; y 35% mencionaron tener mejor rendimiento cuando utilizado el muñeco estático. Conclusión: el estúdio demostró impacto positivo de la metodología de simulación entre los académicos al demostrar preferencia en el uso de esta metodología en detrimento al método de enseñanza tradicional y que el uso de esa metodología permite mejorías en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Descriptores: Simulación; Enfermería; Enseñanza; Educación; Aprendimiento.

scholarly journals The impact of office design on medically certified sickness absence

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Birkeland Nielsen ◽  
Stein Knardahl
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Office Design ◽  
The Impact

All Is Right with the World

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Sharath Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Consumer Trust ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Schema Congruity ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Business-to-Consumer e-commerce vendors view consumer trust as an important determinant of purchasing intent. Based on the cognitive dissonance and schema-congruity theories, this paper examines the impact of schema-congruity between the website design elements of color and typography with the product context in impacting trust. Websites perceived as compatible with subconsciously internalized belief systems and hence deemed schema-congruent by consumers are expected to engender higher levels of trust. A controlled experimental study involving 128 participants spanning eight different schema-congruency conditions was conducted. Results indicated that completely schema-congruent websites engendered higher levels of trust. Partially schema-congruent and schema-incongruent websites registered significantly lower levels of trust due to cognitive dissonance arising out of their incompatibility with consumer belief systems. The judicious selection of color and typography perceived as schema-congruent with the product context can serve to enhance consumer trust in e-commerce websites.

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