Gallup's Mirrors: More Than an Operationalization of Self-Awareness in Primates?

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Morin ◽  
Sandra DeBlois
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
The Social

This speculative article comments on Gallup's work on self-recognition and self-awareness in primates. It exposes Gallup's position on the social origin of the self-concept and proposes the existence of “self-representational” processes capable of reproducing internally the social phenomena implicated in the acquisition of self-information. On that basis, the possibility is raised that allowing primates to see themselves in a mirror might provide them with such a process, with which introspection, and consequently, the formation of a more sophisticated self-concept, would be possible.

Mirror self-recognition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Schilhab
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Mark Test ◽  
Self Recognition

Mirror self-recognition (MSR) refers to the empirical investigation of self-awareness, also known as the ‘mirror and mark test’ introduced by psychologist Gordon G. Gallup (1970). The ability to direct behaviour to previously unseen parts of the body such as the inside of the mouth or to groom the eye by the aid of mirrors has been interpreted as the recognition of the self and evidence of a self-concept. Unknowingly, a similar approach was developed independently with children (Amsterdam 1972). The successful passing of the mirror and mark test has been widely used as a benchmark for distinguishing conscious and non-conscious species within fields with a general interest in evolutionary perspectives on consciousness and cognition such as comparative psychology and cognitive ethology, although controversies about the methodology and theoretical framework persist. These disputes question our intuitions about consciousness and accentuate the epistemic difficulty of obtaining evidence on mental states in others.

Features of self-awareness of adolescents with socialized behavior disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Anna Afonina ◽  
Aleksandr Kazyulin ◽  
Boris Volodin ◽  
Dmitry Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Affective Component

This study presents the results of studying the features of self-consciousness of adolescents with socialized behavior disorder, such as self-attitude (affective component of the image of the Self), self-concept, self-esteem and the level of claims.

The Theory of Self-Identification and Categorical Research Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
С. Попей-олл ◽  
S. Popey-oll
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Categorical Method ◽  
Rapid Transformation ◽  
Social Level

This article presents a categorical method for analyzing the complex processes of personal identity. Human experiences are a result of conscious generalizations that dominate culture and are fixed in semantic categories. The rapid transformation of society fragments a life into many identifying parameters. Therefore, «a self-concept» and a semantic category of being may not be consistent with each other. The harmonious level of self-organization is manifested in the sensory coherence of people: an intention and an expectation. And fragmentation is a chaos of self-awareness and loss of an emotional stability. In a complicating society, the identity of a person becomes multiple and ambiguous. These studies will determine not only the social level of human self-organization, but begin the search for a method to maintain them. The article attempts to consider a categorical method for analyzing the self-identification properties of a people.

scholarly journals Self-concept dialectical transformation: A study in a women's prison

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Lysia Rachel Moreira BASÍLIO ◽  
Antonio ROAZZI ◽  
Alexsandro Medeiros do NASCIMENTO ◽  
José Arturo Costa ESCOBAR
Keyword(s):  
Life Transitions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Women's Prison ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The present study investigated incarceration as a possible triggering factor of self-concept transformations. Self-concept consists of a set of multiple dimensions organized hierarchically functioning as cognitive schemas. It is a structural complex product of reflective activity, and it is susceptible to changes as the individual encounters new situations, life transitions, and social roles. To investigate the transformations in the self-concept structure, 150 incarcerated women responded to the Feminine Inventory of the Self-Concept's Gender Schemas, Self-Concept Clarity Scale and Situational Self-Awareness Scale. The results showed dynamic and multidimensional organization of self-concept in the women investigated, including various categories of the self. The elements analyzed indicate that prison, an undesirable life event in adulthood, is a driver of transformations in the dynamics of self-concept.

scholarly journals Emerging Self-Representation Presents a Challenge for Perspective Tracking in Infancy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Yeung ◽  
Dimitrios Askitis ◽  
Velisar Manea ◽  
Victoria Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Conflict Processing ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Self Recognition

The capacity to track another’s perspective is present from early in life, with young infants ostensibly able to predict others’ behaviour even when the self and other perspective are at odds. Yet, infants’ abilities are difficult to reconcile with the well-documented challenge that older children face when they need to ignore their own perspective. Here we provide evidence that it is the emergence of self-representation, from around 18 months, that likely creates a perspective conflict between self and other. Using mirror self-recognition as a measure of self-awareness and pupil dilation to index conflict processing, our results show that mirror recognisers perceive greater conflict than non-recognisers when viewing a scenario in which the self and other have divergent perspectives, specifically when the conflict between self and other is salient. These results suggest that infants’ perspective tracking abilities may benefit from an initial absence of self-representation.

scholarly journals KONSEP DIRI DAN KEBERMAKNAAN HIDUP PADA REMAJA DI PANTI ASUHAN

Proyeksi ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Kharisma Nail Mazaya ◽  
Ratna Supradewi
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris hubungan antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja putri di Panti Asuhan Sunu Ngesti Tomo Jepara. Hipotesis yang diajukan yaitu ada hubungan positif antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja di Panti Asuhan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua remaja  penghuni panti asuhan di bawah UPT Dinas Sosial Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja penghuni Panti Asuhan Ngesti Tomo Jepara, berusia antara 15 sampai 21 tahun. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan  purpossive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 51 orang. Kedua variabel dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan skala kebermaknaan hidup dan konsep diri. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai korelasi rxy = 0,595 dengan p= 0,000 (p < 0,01). Hal ini menunjukkan ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja di Panti Asuhan Sunu Ngesti Utomo Jepara. Artinya semakin tinggi konsep diri yang dimiliki remaja maka, semakin tinggi pula kebermaknaan hidupnya. Sebaliknya semakin rendah konsep diri yang dimilikinya, maka semakin rendah pula kebermaknaan hidupnya. Hasil dari uji korelasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima. Kata kunci : konsep diri, kebermaknaan hidup, remaja, Panti Asuhan.  SELF CONCEPT AND LIFE MEANINGFULNESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ORPHANAGE Abstract This study aimed to empirically determine the relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life among adolescent girls in the orphanage Sunu Ngesti Tomo Jepara. The hypothesis proposed that there is a positive relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life in adolescents at the Orphanage. The populations in this study were all young residents of the orphanage under the Social Service Unit of Central Java Province. The samples in this study were juvenile orphanage residents Ngesti Tomo Jepara, aged between 15 to 21 years. The sampling method using purposive technique whereas the amount of samples amount was 51. Both variables in this study were measured using a scale of meaningfulness of life and self-concept. Data analysis technique used is product moment correlation technique.The results of analysis of data obtained correlation values rxy = 0.595 with p = 0.000 (p <0.01). This suggests there was a very significant positive relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life in adolescents at the Orphanage Sunu Ngesti Utomo Jepara. This means that the higher the self-concept that the adolescent has, the higher the meaningfulness of life. Conversely the lower the self-concept has, then the lower the meaningfulness of life. The results of correlation test showed that the hypothesis is accepted. Keywords: Self concept, meaningfulness of life, teenager, orphanage

Self-awareness and personal adaptive potential in normal and impaired development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Kuz'mina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Adaptive Potential

The monograph presents the generalized results of the author's scientific activity related to the diagnosis and phenomenological description of the state of self-consciousness and the Self-concept of persons with developmental disorders, in particular with mild mental retardation. The variants of self-awareness diagnostics and a comprehensive assessment of the personal adaptive potential of subjects of different ages with intellectual disabilities are presented and methodologically justified. The presented methods allow us to form an individual adaptive profile based on a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators of adaptability/maladaptivity. The content aspects of the formation of the antisocial potential of a person with mild mental retardation, in particular, the problems of suggestibility, indoctrination and the participation of persons with intellectual disabilities in criminal communities, are separately identified. It will be useful for students, postgraduates, researchers and practitioners in the field of pedagogy, psychology, law.

Is participation in music festivals a self-expansion opportunity? Identity, self-perception, and the importance of music’s functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-226
Author(s):  
Rafał Lawendowski ◽  
Tomasz Besta
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Self Development

A correlational study was conducted among attendees of three music festivals in Poland ( N = 828). The main goal was to examine how functions ascribed to music are related to (a) a feeling of being united with other attendees, (b) the perception of being independent from or (c) interdependent with other attendees, and (d) a feeling of self-growth resulting in self-expansion. Using structural equation modelling, we showed the following. First, people who feel stronger connections and experience more personal relationships with other attendees report a stronger feeling of self-growth during music festivals and ascribe more importance to the social functions of music. Second, a strong, direct relationship exists between independent self-construal (i.e., an individualistic view of the self as autonomous from other people) and the self-awareness function of music as well as between interdependent self-construal (i.e., a more collectivistic view of the self as embedded in the group and community) and the social function of music. Finally, the results of the mediation analysis of self-expansion for the relationships between different aspects of self and the functions of music indicated that self-expansion is a statistically significant partial mediator of these relationships for the social and self-awareness function of music but not for the emotional function. That is, participants, who experienced changes in self-construct related to self-growth and self-development from their participation in a music festival used music to facilitate self-awareness and social relatedness.

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