Peer-Based Interventions to Influence Health-Related Behaviors and Attitudes: A Meta-Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1179-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil J. Posavac ◽  
Kristienne R. Kattapong ◽  
Dennis E. Dew
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cost

The effects of 47 peer-based health education programs described in 36 published studies were examined. The over-all effect size was small: the mean d was .190 when controls received no program and .020 when controls received an alternative program. Programs were divided into those focusing on preventing or reducing smoking and programs on other health issues; the latter were further divided into primary prevention and secondary prevention programs. Differences among studies suggested several biases which were likely to have influenced the effect sizes. Preventive interventions that produce only small effects can be valuable because many participants would not have developed the problem even without the program. This review suggested that, when health education programs are studied, (a) detailed statistical information should be provided to facilitate using the research findings in meta-analyses and (b) the costs of innovative programs should be presented to judge whether the results are worth the cost.

Effectiveness of Forensic Assertive Community Treatment on Forensic and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110614
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Goulet ◽  
Laura Dellazizzo ◽  
Clara Lessard-Deschênes ◽  
Alain Lesage ◽  
Anne G. Crocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assertive Community Treatment ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Program Success ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Meta Analyses

Given the increasing literature on forensic assertive community treatment (FACT), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effectiveness of FACT among justice-involved individuals with severe mental illness. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review, six of which were included in the meta-analyses for a total of 1,246 participants. Mixed results regarding health-related outcomes were found. The pre-post FACT analysis and comparison with control groups did not yield significant results other than increased outpatient service use. Results on forensic outcomes were more compelling. Both the narrative review and the meta-analysis highlighted that FACT programs may improve justice outcomes such as the number of days spent in jail. More high quality and multisite randomized controlled trials are needed to consolidate findings. Further research is needed to examine other psychosocial factors related to FACT program success.

scholarly journals Investigation of Risk Of Bias due to Unreported and SelecTively included results in meta-analyses of nutrition research: the ROBUST study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Page ◽  
Lisa Bero ◽  
Cynthia M. Kroeger ◽  
Zhaoli Dai ◽  
Sally McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Dietary guidelines should be informed by systematic reviews (SRs) of the available scientific evidence. However, if the SRs that underpin dietary guidelines are flawed in their design, conduct or reporting, the recommendations contained therein may be misleading or harmful. To date there has been little empirical investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of results, and bias due to missing results, in SRs of food/diet-outcome relationships. Objectives: To explore in SRs with meta-analyses of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes: (i) whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple effect estimates were available; (ii) what impact selective inclusion of study effect estimates may have on meta-analytic effects, and; (iii) the risk of bias due to missing results (publication bias and selective non-reporting bias) in meta-analyses. Methods: We will systematically search for SRs with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes in a generally healthy population, published between January 2018 and June 2019. We will randomly sort titles and abstracts and screen them until we identify 50 eligible SRs. The first reported meta-analysis of a binary or continuous outcome in each SR (the ‘index meta-analysis’) will be evaluated. We will extract from study reports all study effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the index meta-analyses (e.g. from multiple instruments and time points) and will quantify and test for evidence of selective inclusion of results. We will also assess the risk of bias due to missing results in the index meta-analyses using a new tool (ROB-ME). Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required because information will only be extracted from published studies. Dissemination of the results will be through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. We will make all data collected from this study publicly available via the Open Science Framework.

scholarly journals Flunarizine as prophylaxis for episodic migraine: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Ból ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Anker Stubberud ◽  
Nikolai Melseth Flaaen ◽  
Douglas C. McCrory ◽  
Sindre Andre Pedersen ◽  
Mattias Linde
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses

Based on few clinical trials, flunarizine is considered a first-line prophylactic treatment for migraine in several guidelines. In this meta-analysis, we examined the pooled evidence for its effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Prospective randomized controlled trials of flunarizine as a prophylaxis against migraine were identified from a systematic literature search, and risk of bias was assessed for all included studies. Reduction in mean attack frequency was estimated by calculating the mean difference (MD), and a series of secondary outcomes –including adverse events (AEs) – were also analyzed. The database search yielded 879 unique records. Twentyfive studies were included in data synthesis. We scored 31/175 risk of bias items as “high”, with attrition as the most frequent bias. A pooled analysis estimated that flunarizine reduces the headache frequency by 0.4 attacks per 4 weeks compared with placebo (5 trials, 249 participants: MD 20.44; 95% confidence interval 20.61 to 2 0.26). Analysis also revealed that the effectiveness of flunarizine prophylaxis is comparable with that of propranolol (7 trials, 1151 participants, MD 20.08; 95% confidence interval 20.34 to 0.18). Flunarizine also seems to be effective in children. The most frequent AEs were sedation and weight increase. Meta-analyses were robust and homogenous, although several of the included trials potentially suffered from high risk of bias. Unfortunately, reporting of AEs was inconsistent and limited. In conclusion, pooled analysis of data from partially outdated trials shows that 10- mg flunarizine per day is effective and well tolerated in treating episodic migraine – supporting current guideline recommendations.

118 The Use of Meta-analysis in Companion Animal Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
Emma N Bermingham
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Three Rs

Abstract In a world of the “Three Rs” (replace, reduce and refine), combined with more research published via open access research journals, there is increasing interest in the statistical analysis of existing literature. Meta-analysis – the combination of multiple studies, can be used to get better oversight into a specific question of interest. Additionally, it can be used to identify gaps in knowledge. For example, while there are a number of publications investigating energy requirements in adult cat and dog, few studies assess older animals. Similarly, in the dog, there is a lack of literature around dogs at the extremes of body size (i.e. giant and toy breeds). Herein, we describe several published examples that have been used to determine energy requirements of cats and dogs, and more recently, the impacts of diet on the microbiome of the cat and dog. This includes the use of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, research findings and general findings related to research design and quality.

Meta-Analyses of Predictors of Health Practices in Pregnant Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Cannella ◽  
Adela Yarcheski ◽  
Noreen E. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
Support Employment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fetal Attachment ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations

The aims of this study were to identify predictors of health practices of pregnant women in the literature reviewed, to use meta-analysis to ascertain the mean effect size (ES) across studies between each predictor and health practices, and to examine four moderators on each predictor–health practices relationship. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines for the literature assessed, 32 published studies or doctoral dissertations completed between 1992 and 2015 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve predictors were identified, and each predictor in relation to health practices was subjected to meta-analysis. One predictor (maternal–fetal attachment) of health practices had a large ES, two predictors (depression and stress) had medium ESs, six predictors (income, education, parity, social support, employment, and age) had small ESs, and three predictors (gestational age, marital status, and race) had trivial ESs. Findings are interpreted relative to health practices in pregnant women.

Problem-Solving Therapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy P. Kropf ◽  
Sherry M. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Problem Solving Therapy ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Coping

Chapter 6, “Problem-Solving Therapy: Evidence-Based Practice,” details the research evidence concerning the effectiveness of problem-solving therapy (PST) for use with older adults. Only meta-analyses or randomized control trials (RCT) were included in this review. One meta-analysis and fifteen randomized control trials were identified that investigated PST outcomes on older adult depression, health-related quality of life, and coping. Outcomes of these studies determined that this therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing problem-solving abilities in both community-based and in-home settings. Additionally, consistent support was found for the efficacy of telephone and video-phone PST, suggesting that these alternate means of administration may help overcome barriers to the receipt of mental health services experienced by homebound elders.

Underutilization of Meta-analysis in Diagnostic Pathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kinzler ◽  
Lanjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses

Context No studies to our knowledge have investigated citations and utilization of meta-analysis in diagnostic pathology (DP). Objective To characterize meta-analyses in DP compared with meta-analyses in medicine. Design We searched PubMed for meta-analyses in 12 major DP journals without specifying years and in 4 major medicine journals in both 2006 and 2011. We compared articles' adjusted citation ratios (ACRs), defined as an article's citation count divided by the mean citations for the meta-analysis, review, and original research articles published in the same journal in the same year. Results Forty-one of 76 DP articles, 74 of 125 medicine articles in 2011, and 52 of 83 medicine articles in 2006 were qualified meta-analyses as identified by PubMed. The ACRs of DP meta-analysis articles were higher than those of original research articles (2.62 ± 2.31 versus 0.92 ± 0.84, P < .001) and similar to those of review articles in 2006 (2.62 ± 2.31 versus 1.95 ± 1.59, P = .50), but they were similar to both in 2011 (1.85 ± 1.39 versus 0.99 ± 1.43, P = .11; 1.85 ± 1.39 versus 1.12 ± 1.43, P = .21, respectively). Diagnostic pathology and medicine meta-analyses had similar ACRs (1.85 ± 1.39 versus 1.57 ± 1.35 in 2011, P = .60; and 2.62 ± 2.31 versus 1.85 ± 1.90 in 2006, P = .50, respectively). However, although DP journals published fewer meta-analyses (0.97% versus 6.66% in 2011 and 0.67% versus 4.40% in 2006, P < .001 for both), they published more meta-analyses using both original and published data than medicine (21.95% versus 1.59%, P < .001). They also published more meta-analyses per year in 2011–2014 than in 2000–2010 (6.4 ± 1.29 versus 1.36 ± 1.03 articles per year, P < .001). Conclusions We found underutilization of meta-analyses in DP, despite their high ACRs and recently increased utilization. More DP meta-analyses are needed.

scholarly journals Investigation of Risk Of Bias due to Unreported and SelecTively included results in meta-analyses of nutrition research: the ROBUST study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1760
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Page ◽  
Lisa Bero ◽  
Cynthia M. Kroeger ◽  
Zhaoli Dai ◽  
Sally McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Dietary guidelines should be informed by systematic reviews (SRs) of the available scientific evidence. However, if the SRs that underpin dietary guidelines are flawed in their design, conduct or reporting, the recommendations contained therein may be misleading or harmful. To date there has been little empirical investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of results, and bias due to missing results, in SRs of food/diet-outcome relationships. Objectives: To explore in SRs with meta-analyses of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes: (i) whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple effect estimates were available; (ii) what impact selective inclusion of study effect estimates may have on meta-analytic effects, and; (iii) the risk of bias due to missing results (publication bias and selective non-reporting bias) in meta-analyses. Methods: We will systematically search for SRs with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes in a generally healthy population, published between January 2018 and June 2019. We will randomly sort titles and abstracts and screen them until we identify 50 eligible SRs. The first reported meta-analysis of a binary or continuous outcome in each SR (the ‘index meta-analysis’) will be evaluated. We will extract from study reports all study effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the index meta-analyses (e.g. from multiple instruments and time points) and will quantify and test for evidence of selective inclusion of results. We will also assess the risk of bias due to missing results in the index meta-analyses using a new tool (ROB-ME). Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required because information will only be extracted from published studies. Dissemination of the results will be through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. We will make all data collected from this study publicly available via the Open Science Framework.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing ventilatory support in chemical, biological and radiological emergencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Baptista de Souza Borges ◽  
Magali Rezende de Carvalho ◽  
Marcel de Souza Quintana ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Laryngeal Masks ◽  
Orotracheal Tube ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: to compare the mean development time of the techniques of direct laryngoscopy and insertion of supraglottic devices; and to evaluate the success rate in the first attempt of these techniques, considering health professionals wearing specific personal protective equipment (waterproof overalls; gloves; boots; eye protection; mask). Method: meta-analysis with studies from LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science. The keywords were the following: personal protective equipment; airway management; intubation; laryngeal masks. Results: in the “reduction of the time of the procedures” outcome, the general analysis of the supraglottic devices in comparison with the orotracheal tube initially presented high heterogeneity of the data (I2= 97%). Subgroup analysis had an impact on reducing heterogeneity among the data. The “laryngeal mask as a guide for orotracheal intubation” subgroup showed moderate heterogeneity (I2= 74%). The “2ndgeneration supraglottic devices” subgroup showed homogeneity (I2= 0%). All the meta-analyses favored supraglottic devices. In the “success in the first attempt” outcome, moderate homogeneity was found (I2= 52%), showing a higher proportion of correct answers for supraglottic devices. Conclusion: in the context of chemical, biological or radiological disaster, the insertion of the supraglottic device proved to be faster and more likely to be successful by health professionals. PROSPERO record (CRD42019136139).

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