The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale: Psychometric Properties

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
English Version ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Arabic And English

This study was undertaken to construct the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale in two comparable Arabic and English versions. The intent was to provide a research tool as well as a measure of predisposition to develop anxiety in general among adults and adolescents. The scale is comprised by 20 brief statements answered on a 4-point intensity scale, anchored by 1: Rarely and 4: Always. Factor analysis yielded three high-loaded factors of Cognitive/Affective, Behavioral/Subjective, and Somatic Anxiety, with moderate interfactor correlations. Item-remainder correlations ranged from .27 to .74. Reliabilities ranged from .88 to .92 (alpha) and between .70 and .93 (test-retest), denoting good internal consistency and stability. Criterion-related validity of the scale ranged between .70 and .88 (5 criteria), while the loadings of the scale on a general factor of anxiety were .93 and .95 in two factor analyses, demonstrating the scale's criterion-related and factorial validity. Discriminant validity of the scale was demonstrated. The scale correlated .65 with scores on the Beck Depression scale. Male adolescents attained a higher mean score than male undergraduates. Females have significantly higher mean scores than their male counterparts. Kuwaiti norms ( N = 4,660) were reported. An English version of the scale is available.

Psychometric Parameters of the Spanish Version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS)1

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Joaquin Tomás-Sabádo ◽  
Juana Gómez-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Language Equivalence

Summary: To construct a Spanish version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS), the Arabic and English versions of the KUAS have been separately translated into Spanish. To check the comparability in terms of meaning, the two Spanish preliminary translations were thoroughly scrutinized vis-à-vis both the Arabic and English forms by several experts. Bilingual subjects served to explore the cross-language equivalence of the English and Spanish versions of the KUAS. The correlation between the total scores on both versions was .93, and the t value was .30 (n.s.), denoting good similarity. The Alphas and 4-week test-retest reliabilities were greater than .84, while the criterion-related validity was .70 against scores on the trait subscale of the STAI. These findings denote good reliability and validity of the S-KUAS. Factor analysis yielded three high-loaded factors of Behavioral/Subjective, Cognitive/Affective, and Somatic Anxiety, equivalent to the original Arabic version. Female (n = 210) undergraduates attained significantly higher mean scores than their male (n = 102) counterparts. For the combined group of males and females, the correlation between the total score on the S-KUAS and age was -.17 (p < .01). By and large, the findings of the present study provide evidence of the utility of the S-KUAS in assessing trait anxiety levels in the Spanish undergraduate context.

THE IMPACT OF GENDER, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION ON PERFORMANCE ON PURSUIT ROTOR

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
Khader Baroun
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Pursuit Rotor ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Increment

In this study the impact of gender, levels of anxiety, and depression on pursuit rotor performance task was investigated. The participants were 292 undergraduate students (171 men and 121 women) of Kuwait University, Kuwait. They completed an anxiety scale, depression scale, and 4 speed levels of pursuit rotor. They were divided into 3 groups (low, middle, and high anxiety and depression) based on their scores on the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS; Abdel-Khalek, 2000) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961). The results revealed that groups of men with low levels of anxiety, and high level of depression showed significant increment in performance and had more time on target than the other groups in all 4 speed sessions, whereas women displayed less time on target of pursuit rotor.

Anxiety in Kuwaiti and American College Students

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 512-514E ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
American Women ◽  
Arabic And English

Samples of Kuwaiti ( n = 646) and American ( n = 320) undergraduates responded to the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale in Arabic and English, respectively. Differences by sex were significant, with women having a higher mean anxiety score than men and by country with Kuwaiti women having a higher anxiety score than American women.

Construction and Validation of the Factorial Arabic Neuroticism Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
English Version ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Neuroticism Scale

The present aim was to construct and validate the Factorial Arabic Neuroticism Scale. Based on the scales developed by Eysenck, Cattell, and Guilford, the item pool consisted of 226 nonrepeated items. Five Ph.D. referees shortened the pool to 84 items. Then, the item-remainder correlation, the exclusion of the items with significant correlation with scores on Extraversion, and several cycles of factor analyses yielded 20 items representing the final version. The principal components analysis yielded two high-loaded factors of General Neuroticism and Sleep problems and tension. Reliability coefficients alpha ranged from .89 to .94 and between .81 and .91 for test-retest, indicating good internal consistency and temporal stability, respectively. Criterion-related validity ranged between .75 and .79 against scores on the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO-PI–R. Females obtained significantly higher mean scores than males for three of six comparisons (by age) among school and university students ( N = 2,783). An English version is available. The scale may be recommended for use in research, especially on cross-cultural comparisons and for assessing the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy.

OPTIMISM AND PESSIMISM IN KUWAITI AND OMANI UNDERGRADUATES

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-518
Author(s):  
Bader M. Alansari ◽  
Ali M. Kazem
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
The Mean

In this study we investigated cultural differences and correlates of optimism and pessimism in Kuwaiti (n = 600) and Omani (n = 600) undergraduates. All respondents completed the Arabic Scale of Optimism and Pessimism (ASOP; Abdel-Khalek & Alansari, 1995), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), and the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS; Abdel-Khalek, 2000). The ASOP displayed good internal consistency, a meaningful factorial structure and interpretable factors in both countries. It was found that optimism correlated negatively with the above scales, while the correlations of pessimism were positive, indicating the convergent validity of the ASOP. The Kuwaiti mean score on optimism was significantly lower than the mean of their Omani counterparts, and no significant cultural differences were found for pessimism.

The tripartite model and dimensions of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: Preliminary data from Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 355-355
Author(s):  
D. Stevanovic ◽  
A. Lakic
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Tripartite Model

Introduction and objectivesThe tripartite model of emotions (TME) specifies a general factor, negative affect (NA), which represents a shared influence on anxiety and depression, and two specific factors, physiological hyperarousal (PH) common to anxiety, and (low) positive affect (PA) common to depression (Clark & Watson, 1991).AimsTo examine the relationships between TME and anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.MethodsIn the study participated 126 non-referred children and adolescents, aged 10–18 years. TME was assessed by the Affect and Arousal Scale (AFARS). Anxiety symptoms were identified using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders questionnaire (SCARED). This questionnaire reports five types of anxiety disorders: panic/somatic, generalized, separation, social, and school phobia. Finally, depressive symptoms were identified using the Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (SMFQ). Zero-order correlations between all measures were presented.ResultsPA negatively correlated with the depression scale only, −0.2 (p = 0.012), while NA significantly correlated with the depression and all anxiety scale, except the separation anxiety scale (p < 0.05). PH significantly correlated with the depression, panic-somatic and separation anxiety and school avoidance scale. The highest correlations were between the depression (0.39) and panic scale (0.33).ConclusionsThe results indicate that the relationships between TME and symptoms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents could be partially supported. However, they are consistent with the previous findings that reported that low PA correlate with depression and PH with panic disorder (Chorpita, 2000; Jacques & Mash, 2004; De Bolle, 2010).

Are Death Anxiety and Death Depression Distinct Entities?

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Alvarado ◽  
Donald I. Templer ◽  
Charles Bresler ◽  
Shan Thomas-Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Life Factor ◽  
Death Depression

Subjective distress about the matter of death is widely recognized by thanatology scholars to be multiple faceted. Although there are several instruments that assess anxiety or fear regarding death, until recently there had been no instrument reported in the literature for measuring depression pertaining to death. In the present study the fifteen-item Death Anxiety Scale and the more recently constructed seventeen-item Death Depression Scale were correlated, and their combined thirty-two items were factor analyzed. The two scales correlated .55. Factor 1 was labeled “death anxiety” and its five highest factor loadings were with Death Anxiety Scale items. Factor 2 was labeled “death depression” and its five highest factor loadings were with Death Depression Scale items. Factors 3 and 4 each had the highest factor loadings on both Death Anxiety Scale and Death Depression Scale items and were respectively called “death of others” and “brevity of life.” Factor 5 was called “meaning-lessness of life” and its highest factor loadings were with Death Depression Scale items. It was concluded that the two death attitude instruments do have discriminant validity in relationship to each other. Also, suggestions were made for the combined use of these two scales.

Divergent, Criterion-Related, and Discriminant Validities for the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Nonclinical Sample

Three analyses were carried out. Analysis I estimated the correlation between the total score of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale and a self-rating scale of happiness with large sample of male ( n = 1,312) and female ( n = 1,272) Kuwaiti adolescents. Pearson product-moment correlations were –.43 and –.44 ( p < .001) for boys and girls, respectively, suggesting divergent validity of the anxiety scale. Analysis II examined the correlations between scores on the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale and the Somatic Symptoms Inventory for a nonclinical sample of women ( n = 30), and female outpatients with anxiety disorder ( n = 30). Pearson product-moment correlations were, respectively, .85 and .53 ( p < .001), which support the criterion-related validity of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale with respect to the Somatic Symptoms Inventory. In Analysis III a sample of 60 male and female outpatients with anxiety disorder and 60 nonclinical participants were matched on age, education, and occupation. All responded individually to the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale. Significant differences among groups, especially noticeable for men, support the discriminant validity of the scale. So, the clinical as well as research use of the scale can be recommended. By and large, the divergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validities of the scale have been adequately supported so subsequent replication is expected.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM SIXTEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader M. Alansari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
English Version ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
And Gender

This study investigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from sixteen Islamic countries; Algiers, Egypt, Emirates, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (N= 7,506). The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, for which the English version of KUAS was used. There are significant gender differences in 11 Islamic countries out of 16 in which females tended to be higher on the anxiety scale: Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Lebanon, Pakistan, Algiers, Yemen and Syria, while there was no significant difference in anxiety between the genders in the following five countries: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Sudan, Emirates and Palestine. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.

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