OPTIMISM AND PESSIMISM IN KUWAITI AND OMANI UNDERGRADUATES

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-518
Author(s):  
Bader M. Alansari ◽  
Ali M. Kazem
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
The Mean

In this study we investigated cultural differences and correlates of optimism and pessimism in Kuwaiti (n = 600) and Omani (n = 600) undergraduates. All respondents completed the Arabic Scale of Optimism and Pessimism (ASOP; Abdel-Khalek & Alansari, 1995), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), and the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS; Abdel-Khalek, 2000). The ASOP displayed good internal consistency, a meaningful factorial structure and interpretable factors in both countries. It was found that optimism correlated negatively with the above scales, while the correlations of pessimism were positive, indicating the convergent validity of the ASOP. The Kuwaiti mean score on optimism was significantly lower than the mean of their Omani counterparts, and no significant cultural differences were found for pessimism.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Swedish Short Version of the Questionnaire About the Process of Recovery (QPR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Eklund Mona ◽  
Neil Sandra ◽  
Argentzell Elisabeth
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Ceiling Effects ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Abstract The aim was to develop a short version of the Swedish Process of Recovery Questionnaire (QPR-Swe) for use with people with severe mental illness and to investigate its internal consistency, construct validity, known-groups validity and any floor or ceiling effects. Two independent samples were used, the first (N = 226) to develop the short version and the second (N = 266) to test its psychometric properties. A seven-item version was developed by selecting items based on item-total correlations. The QPR-Swe-7 showed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.82). It showed moderate correlations with indicators of convergent validity (self-rated health, self-mastery and quality of life) and weak with those selected to test discriminant validity (psychiatric symptoms and level of functioning). QPR-Swe-7 differentiated between people receiving two different levels of housing support. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The QPR-Swe-7 had appropriate psychometric properties for use with people with a variety of mental disorders when a brief scale is warranted.

The H&F-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 13 (H&F-MSP13): Construct and convergent validity

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s287-s287
Author(s):  
M.J. Soares ◽  
A.T. Pereira ◽  
A. Araújo ◽  
D. Silva ◽  
J. Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (H&F-MPS) is one of the most used measures of perfectionism. Their 45-items evaluate self-Oriented (SOP), Self-Prescribed (SPP), and Other Oriented (OOP) perfectionism.ObjectivesTo study the internal consistency and convergent validity of the H&F-MSP13.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-two university students (78.1% females), aged 19.74 years (sd = 2.10; range: 17–28) completed the Portuguese versions of H&F-MPS (Soares et al., 2003) and of Frost et al. MPS (F-MPS) (Amaral et al., 2013). Thirteen items were selected from the Portuguese version of the H&F-MPS, based on their loading in the factor (0.60 and over) (Soares et al., 2003).ResultsThe H&FMPS13 revealed good internal consistency (α = 0.816). The corrected item-total subscale Spearman's correlations were high (from 0.418 to 0.820). The principal component analysis with factors varimax rotation produced three factors, which revealed acceptable/good internal consistency (SOP: explained variance/EV = 35.4%, α = .900; SPP: EV = 16.3%, α = 0.695; OOP: EV = 10.8%, α = 0.709). The correlations between the H&F-MSP13 scores and the matching scores of the H&F-MPS were high (from r = 0.745 to r = 0.945, all P < .01), suggesting that both scales measure similarly the constructs. The H&F-MSP13 and the H&F-MPS total scores demonstrate good convergent validity with the total score of F-MPS, as indicated by the correlations (r = 0.581/r = 0.636, respectively). The correlations similarities between the H&F-MSP13 and H&F-MSP dimensions and the F-MPS dimensions and total scores were also considerable.ConclusionsThe H&F-MSP13 is a valid instrument to measure perfectionism that reveals convergent validity with the F-MPS, retaining the adequate psychometric properties of the H&F-MPS and its administration is less time consuming.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Adults Referred for an ADHD Evaluation: A Psychometric Analysis of Self- and Collateral Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery ◽  
Scott H. Kollins ◽  
John T. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Reporting Source ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Cognitive Tempo

Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms uniquely contribute to psychiatric and functional outcomes in child samples; however, the psychometric properties of SCT measures among adult outpatients are unknown. Method: Adults ( n = 124) presenting for an ADHD evaluation provided self- and collateral report of SCT symptoms. Results: The SCT scale had good internal consistency and yielded three factors across raters: Slow/Daydreamy, Sleepy/Sluggish, and Low Initiation/Persistence. SCT scores exhibited convergent validity with ADHD symptoms across raters. Individuals with ADHD received higher SCT ratings than those without ADHD via collateral report, a pattern that was similar when comorbidity was considered. SCT was associated with poorer functioning after accounting for ADHD symptoms with some differential effects based on reporting source. Conclusion: Findings support the internal consistency and validity of a three-factor SCT scale among adult outpatients. Differential results between self- and collateral report demonstrate the importance of multiple reporters of SCT in clinical settings.

Perfectionism and Academic Performance in Italian College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yura Loscalzo ◽  
Sean P. M. Rice ◽  
Marco Giannini ◽  
Kenneth G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Academic Implications

This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of both the Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS) and the Short Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (SMPS), and the academic implications of perfectionism on 414 Italian college students aged between 18 and 58 years. Results revealed some limitations with the SAPS factor structure that, once addressed, yielded scores with good internal consistency and convergent validity. The SMPS had adequate psychometric properties. Higher perfectionistic strivings scores were associated with better academic performance and with higher rates of studying. This study provides support for the usefulness of both the SAPS and the SMPS in understanding relationships between different perfectionism dimensions and academic outcomes for Italian students.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Family Inventory of Resources for Management in a Sample of Iranian Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Mirsoleymani ◽  
Camelia Rohani ◽  
Mahsa Matbouei ◽  
Malihe Nasiri ◽  
Parvaneh Vasli
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Family Inventory of Resources for Management (FIRM) in a sample of family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods. In this methodological study, construct validity of the FIRM was evaluated by known groups and convergent validity in a convenience sample of family caregivers of cancer patients (n=104) referred to the outpatient oncology wards of five educational hospitals in Tehran from January to April 2016. Reliability was determined by assessing the internal consistency and stability of the instrument. Results. The known-groups findings showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of the FIRM in family caregivers with different levels of caregiver burden (p<0.001). Also, the results of convergent validity showed that there is a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.50; p<0.001) between the total scores of the FIRM and the scores of the caregiver burden inventory (CBI). The FIRM showed a good internal consistency (α=0.85) and a good stability of the test-retest reliability result. Conclusions. There is a sound psychometric basis for the use of the Persian translation of the FIRM for family studies in the Iranian population.

scholarly journals A New Self-Reported Assessment Measure for COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in Iran: A Web-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad ALIPOUR ◽  
Abolfazl GHADAMI ◽  
Aida FARSHAM ◽  
Negin DORRI
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Background: Given the epidemic of Corona disease and its associated anxiety, it is necessary to develop a tool to measure anxiety. This study was conducted to instruct Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) to measure the level of anxiety, during the prevalence of the COVID-19 in Iran. Methods: The present study was considered as applied research in terms of purpose and descriptivecorrelational research in terms of methodological. 318 individuals (aged from 18 to 60 years old) completed the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) online. Results: Corona Disease Anxiety Scale had a good internal consistency (α=0.91) and good convergent validity, correlating with the GHQ-28 (r=0.49, P>0.01). Exploratory analysis revealed psychological and physical factors. These 2 factor account for 51% of the total variance and 9 items were loaded on every factor. Conclusion: This scale is reliable and valid scale for measuring Corona anxiety in non-clinical Iranian population.    

scholarly journals Use of a Short Version of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale in Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Tyler A. Wood ◽  
Douglas A. Wajda ◽  
Jacob J. Sosnoff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Abc Scale

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease that results in balance and mobility impairments that are associated with elevated fall risk. One common patient-reported outcome measure of balance is the 16-item Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. The ABC scale is valid and reliable in assessing balance confidence in people with MS. However, a shorter, six-question version of the ABC scale, the ABC-6 scale, has been proposed to save time in a clinical setting. Thus, we assessed the convergent validity and internal consistency reliability of the ABC-6 scale in people with MS. Methods: A total of 221 participants were included in this secondary analysis to compare the ABC-6 scale with the ABC scale. Convergent validity and internal consistency reliability were applied to participants based on fall history and physiological fall risk. Results: Statistical analysis indicated a main effect of group of the ABC and ABC-6 scales (P &lt; .001). Both scales showed good to very good internal consistency (Cronbach α range, 0.832–0.975) and good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient score range, 0.888–0.941). Furthermore, both versions had moderate convergent validity. Sensitivity ranged from 30% to 97%, and specificity ranged from 64% to 100% across groups tested. Conclusions: The ABC and ABC-6 scales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and moderate convergent validity in predicting balance confidence in people with MS. However, poor sensitivity of both versions in distinguishing between MS groups at risk for falls may call into question the usefulness of this self-report measure.

scholarly journals Collective Empowerment in Online Health Communities: Scale Development and Empirical Validation

10.2196/14392 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. e14392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Atanasova ◽  
Gregor Petric
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Online Health Communities ◽  
Health Communities ◽  
Collective Empowerment

Background The role of online health communities (OHCs) in patient empowerment is growing and has been increasingly studied in recent years. Research has focused primarily on individualistic conception of patients’ empowerment, with much less attention paid to the role of OHCs in the development of patients’ collective empowerment. Although OHCs have immense potential for empowerment that goes beyond the individual, the concept and scale of collective empowerment in OHCs have not yet been developed or validated. Objective This study aimed to develop an instrument for measuring collective empowerment in online health communities (CE-OHC) and to test its quality by investigating its factorial structure, reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. Methods The CE-OHC scale was developed according to a strict methodology for developing valid and reliable scales. An initial set of 20 items was first tested in the pilot study conducted in 2016 using a sample of 280 registered users of Slovenia’s largest OHC. A refined version with 11 items was tested in the main study conducted in 2018 on a random sample of 30,000 registered users of the same OHC. The final sample comprised 784 users. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to investigate the factorial structure, discriminant validity, and convergent validity of the scale. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine the CE-OHC scale’s internal consistency. To establish the predictive validity, ordinary least squares regression was performed to test the role of CE-OHC in users’ civic participation. Results The EFA resulted in a two-factor solution, and the two factors—knowledge of resources and resource mobilization for collective action—together explain 63.8% of the variance. The second-order CFA demonstrated a good fit to the data (root mean square error of approximation=0.07) and the scale had a good internal consistency (alpha=.86). Although evidence of the scale’s convergent validity was partially provided, discriminant validity of the scale remained unconfirmed. Overall, CE-OHC was confirmed to be a predictor of users’ civic participation, but the influence was somewhat weak and inconsistent across two subscales. Conclusions The proposed CE-OHC scale is a reliable and relatively valid instrument and serves as a good baseline to advance the measurement of collective empowerment in OHC contexts. This is the first scale developed for this purpose, and future research should focus on the development of a clear nomological network of the collective empowerment construct in relation to the OHC settings.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Alexithymia Across Positive and Negative Emotions: The Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Mousavi Asl ◽  
Behzad Mahaki ◽  
Sajad Khanjani ◽  
Youkhabeh Mohammadian
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Forward Translation ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Compassion Scale

Background: Construct of Alexithymia is important for understanding psychopathology that its assessment is of high interest as persons with difficulty in processing their emotions (either positive and negative) are more vulnerable to psychopathology problems. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Perth Alexithymia questionnaire (PAQ), and to describe appropriate measures for the field of clinical psychology and psychiatry. Methods: The Persian version of the PAQ was produced through forward translation, reconciliation, and back translation. The study population was all staff (soldiers) of the army force in Tehran, Iran, in 2018 - 2019. Two hundred and fifty four soldiers were selected by convenience sampling method. The following questionnaires were used to collect data: the PAQ, The Deliberate Self-Harm inventory (DSHI), Borderline Personality scale (STB), Cognitive Flexibility inventory (CFI), and Self-Compassion scale (SCS) short-form. The construct validity of the PAQ was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, divergent, and convergent validity. Internal Consistency and test-retest reliability (2 weeks’ interval) were applied to evaluate reliability. Data were analyzed using LISREL (version 8.8) and SSPS (version 22). Results: PAQ and its subscales were found as valid and reliable measures, with good internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The PAQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.91). Concerning the convergent validity, PAQ and its subscales showed a significant positive correlation with self-report measures of DSHI and STB (P < 0.05). However, they were negatively correlated with Self-Compassion scale (SCS) short-form and CFI (P < 0.05), which demonstrated a good divergent validity. Moreover, while the results of this study support the five-factor models of the PAQ (RMSEA = 0.08, NFI = 0.94, CFI= 0.95), the two-factor model does not fit the data. Conclusions: The PAQ showed good validity and reliability and can be useful for evaluating Alexithymia in the army force samples. The PAQ can be considered promising as a measure in Alexithymia-related research and clinical settings.

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