Measuring Free Cash Flows for Equity Valuation: Pitfalls and Possible Solutions

CFA Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Joseph D.V. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flows ◽  
Equity Valuation ◽  
Free Cash Flows

Board diversity and firm risk-taking in the tourism sector: Moderating effects of board independence, CEO duality, and free cash flows

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110143
Author(s):  
Ozgur Ozdemir ◽  
Ezgi Erkmen ◽  
Fatemeh Binesh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Firm Risk ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Ceo Duality ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Free Cash Flows

This study examines the effect of board diversity on risk-taking for tourism firms and analyzes the moderating effect of board independence, CEO duality, and free cash flows in this proposed relationship. Using a composite index of board diversity and a sample of tourism firms from the US hotel, restaurant, and airline industries, we find that greater board diversity leads to lower risk-taking, measured in standard deviation of return on assets. Moreover, we report that the risk-reduction effect of board diversity is more profound when tourism firms have less board independence and less free cash flows for investments. When board diversity is decomposed into relation-oriented and task-oriented diversity attributes, we find that only the task-oriented diversity is influential in reducing firm risk-taking for tourism firms. Akin to main analysis, the board independence and free cash flows are significant moderators of the relationship between task-oriented diversity and firm risk-taking.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Free Cash Flows and Corporate Governance Levels in the Light of Agency Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e3206
Author(s):  
Glaysson Aguilar de Araújo ◽  
Lara Alves Corrêa ◽  
Valéria Gama Fully Bressan ◽  
João Estevão Barbosa Neto ◽  
Bruna Camargos Avelino
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Free Cash Flows

This research analyzes the relationship between free cash flows (FCFs) and the different levels of Corporate Governance present in the Brazilian stock market. To this end, the sample was composed of 212 Brazilian publicly traded companies listed on Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão [B]³, in the period from 2010 to 2018. The methodology consisted of estimating a regression for panel data, using the random effects model, estimating by generalized least square (GLS) and assuming adjustments for autocorrelation and robust standard errors for heteroscedasticity. The results found, for the sample studied, suggest that Corporate Governance levels are positively related to the FCFs. In synergy, when compared to the Traditional level of [B]³, companies listed on the Novo Mercado and Level 2 levels tend to present higher FCF values. In addition, the larger the size of the companies and the higher their return on equity, the higher their FCFs tend to be, just as companies in stages of maturity tend to present lower FCF values. The relevance of this research is based on analyzing, in a stock market subject to imperfections, factors that may affect decisions about the level of cash maintenance of companies, more specifically by evaluating how Corporate Governance mechanisms relate to the theory of FCFs, in a context of potential conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Targeting fixed reinvestment rate with nonlinear mechanism: a “strange” path to financial distress

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Safieddine Bouali
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Share Repurchases ◽  
Governance Arrangement ◽  
Dynamical Mechanism ◽  
Nonlinear Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Speed ◽  
Nonlinear Mechanism ◽  
Free Cash Flows

Governance arrangement between shareholders, debtholders and managers fix the reinvestment ratio of profits. Residual earnings will appear as excess cash flow to disgorge in dividend disbursements or share repurchases. However, financial crisis stimulates corporation to express highest aversion both to overinvestment or underinvestment, probably in an identical degree. Besides, dissuasion to commit fraud pushes ownership to select a strong dynamical mechanism adjusting held earnings to the preferred reinvestment rate. Focus? Immediate disbursement of free cash flows. This paper shows that self-imposed discipline targeting fixed reinvestment rate under nonlinear adjustment speed can inject itself a “strange” dynamics to the firm, leading to critical losses and a bankruptcy threat. However, one way to reduce this instability is determining carefully the “normal” cash flow which does not trigger the payout.

scholarly journals The applicability of FCFF method evaluating an enterprise of Real Estate segment

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Jaromír Vrbka ◽  
Pavla Vitková
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Enterprise Valuation ◽  
Suggested Technique ◽  
Free Cash Flows

The article aims at evaluating a specific enterprise of the Real Estate segment using FCFF (Free Cash Flow to Firm) method. This technique determines the company’s value through free cash flows. Enterprise valuation presents a distinct discipline requiring appraiser’s deep understanding not only of the evaluated enterprise but also other external decisive influences. The theoretical part focuses on calculation procedures using The CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) model quantifying separate variables that determine discount rates. The suggested technique deals with specific financial data of the company and is applicable in evaluating small and medium-sized enterprises.

scholarly journals Free Cash Flows, Management Ownership, Dividend Policy, and Debt Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ardhya Yudistira Adi Nanggala
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Management Ownership ◽  
Free Cash Flows ◽  
Debt Policy

This study aims to identify and examine empirically effect of free cash flows, managerial ownership and dividend policy on debt policy (empirical study on companies listed on Stock Exchange). This study uses secondary data in form of financial statements derived from annual financial statements of companies listed on Stock Exchange and available reporting consecutive years from 2012 to 2017. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with first criteria company's annual financial statement data available for consecutive reporting years from 2012 to 2017. Number of samples in this study 132 firm years. Data analysis methods used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that: free cash flows and managerial ownership has a significant positive effect on debt policy. Dividend policy have a significant negative effect on debt policy. Keywords: Free cash Flows, Management Ownership Dividend Policy, Debt Policy

scholarly journals Interactions between free cash flow, debt policy and structure of governance: Three stage least square simultaneous model approach: evidence from the Tunisian stock exchange

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Moussa Fatma ◽  
Jameleddine Chichti
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Free Cash Flows ◽  
Debt Policy ◽  
Simultaneous Model

This research tests the efficiency of the ownership structure and the debt policy as mechanism of resolution of agency conflicts between shareholders and managers due to the problem of overinvestment, in the limitation of the problem of the free cash flow, by estimating three stage least square simultaneous model and on the basis of a sample of 35 non-financial Tunisian listed companies selected for the period 1999–2008. Our results are in favour of the theory of free cash flows of Jensen (1986) that stipulates that the debt policy represents the principal governance mechanism that can limit the risk of free cash flow. However, the ownership concentration and managerial ownership increase the risk of the free cash flow.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document