scholarly journals Co-occurrence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone in Cereals and Feed, Determined by Competitive Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Thin-Layer Chromatography

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Klarić ◽  
Zdenka Cvetnić ◽  
Stjepan Pepeljnjak ◽  
Ivan Kosalec
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Co-occurrence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone in Cereals and Feed, Determined by Competitive Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Thin-Layer ChromatographyAspergillus, Penicillium, andFusariumspecies frequently contaminate crops. For this reason mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEA) are found in food and feed in a wide range of concentrations, depending on environmental and storage conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed has been associated with acute and chronic poisoning and carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and co-occurrence of AFs (B1+B2+G1+G2), OTA, FBs (B1+B2+B3), and ZEA in 37 samples of cereals and feed randomly collected in 2007 from households of an endemic nephropathy (EN) area in Croatia. The mycotoxins were determined using the competitive direct ELISA test (CD-ELISA) in combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The most frequent mycotoxin was ZEA (92%, mean 318.3 μg kg-1), followed by FBs (27%, 3690 μg kg-1), AFs (24.3%, 4.6 μg kg-1), and OTA (16.2%, 9.8 μg kg-1). Levels of AFs, ZEA, and FBs detected by CD-ELISA significantly correlated with the TLC results. However, only one OTA-positive sample was confirmed by TLC due to its high limit of detection. The levels of these mycotoxins were below the permissible limit for animal feed. Twenty-nine percent of cereals were contaminated with FBs, OTA, or ZEA in mass fractions above the permissible limit for humans. Co-occurrence of two toxins varied between 4.2% and 54% and of three between 4.2% and 7.6%. Prolonged co-exposure to AFs, OTA, FBs, and ZEA might increase the risk of various chronic diseases.

Determination of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in Mixed Feeds, with Detection by Thin Layer Chromatography or High Performance Liquid Chromatography

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V Howell ◽  
Philip W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A sensitive, reliable, and economical method for the determination of 6 mycotoxins in mixed feeds is described. The feed is extracted with chloroform-water and the extract is cleaned up by using a disposable Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The procedure requires less time (15 min from sample extraction to extract preparation) and less solvent (approximately one-tenth) compared with conventional methods and is suitable for a fast, economical screen. Additional cleanup procedures, involving dialysis or extraction into base, are described for samples containing high levels of interfering compounds. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection are described for identification and estimation of mycotoxins. The method has been applied to a wide range of mixed feeds, including laboratory animal diets, and raw materials. The limit of detection is 1 μg/kg for all mycotoxins measured by HPLC.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Deoxynivalenol in Corn and Wheat

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun XU ◽  
Guang S Zhang ◽  
Fun S Chu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Direct Elisa ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract The availability of antibody against deoxynivalenol (DON) triacetate (Tri-Ac-DON) has enabled development of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect ELISA for DON in corn and wheat. In both assays, DON is extracted from the sample with acetonitrile- water, reacted with acetic anhydride to form Tri- Ac-DON, and diluted in phosphate buffer for analysis. Direct ELISA was found to be the more sensitive procedure. Fewer interferences are evidenced, and the assay is less time consuming than is indirect ELISA. For direct ELISA, recovery of 10-1000 ppb DON added to corn and wheat was 100% (SD 15, CV 15%) and 102.1% (SD 12.2, CV 11.9%), respectively. For indirect ELISA, overall recovery of 10- 1000 ppb DON added to wheat was 121.5% (SD 39.5, CV 32.5%); in the higher concentration range (500-1000 ppb), recovery was 105% (SD 18, CV 17%). The minimal detection level for DON was around 10 ppb. Analysis of 7 naturally contaminated samples for DON showed that the ELISA results agreed well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay and thin-layer chromatography.

Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ragini Bhadouria ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF 10-GINGEROL IN INDIAN GINGER BY VALIDATED HPTLC METHOD OF SAMPLES COLLECTED ACROSS SUBCONTINENT OF INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Kamran Ashraf ◽  
Syed Adnan Ali Shah ◽  
Mohd Mujeeb
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Aluminum Plates ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hptlc Method

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate stability indicating HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) method for analysis of 10-gingerol in ginger has been developed and validated as perICH guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The separation was achieved on TLC (thin layer chromatography) aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F<sub>254</sub> using n-hexane: ethyl acetate 55:45 (%, v/v) as a mobile phase. Densitometric analysis was performed at 569 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This system was found to have a compact spot of 10-gingerol at <em>R</em><sub>F</sub> value of 0.57±0.03. For the proposed procedure, linearity (<em>r</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.998±0.02), limit of detection (18ng/spot), limit of quantification (42 ng/spot), recovery (ranging from 98.35%–100.68%), were found to be satisfactory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Statistical analysis reveals that the content of 10-gingerol in different geographical region varied significantly. The highest and lowest concentration of 10-gingerol in ginger was found to be present in a sample of Patna, Lucknow and Surat respectively which inferred that the variety of ginger found in Patna, Lucknow are much superior to other regions of India.</p>

scholarly journals TLC analysis of some phenolic compounds in kombucha beverage

2004 ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomir Malbasa ◽  
Eva Loncar ◽  
Ljiljana Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tea Fungus ◽  
Natural Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Black and green tea contains a wide range of natural phenolic compounds Flavanoids and their glycosides, catechins and the products of their condensation, and phenolic acids are the most important. Kombucha beverage is obtained by fermentation of tea fungus on black or green tea sweetened with sucrose. The aim of this paper was to investigate the composition of some phenolic compounds, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, myricetin, gallic and tanic acid, and monitoring of their status during tea fungus fermentation. The method used for this study was thin layer chromatography with two different systems. The main phenolic compounds in the samples with green tea were catechin and epicatechin, and in the samples with black tea it was quercetin.

scholarly journals Aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic moulds and their toxins in tree nuts on Serbian market

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Irena Rakic ◽  
Gordana Dimic ◽  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tree Nuts

In this study, moulds and mycotoxins presence in different tree nuts were investigated. The results showed that all of the 25 samples were contaminated with moulds. Mean values of total mould count varied from 1-4.9 cfu per grain. The most frequent species in hazelnut samples were Rhizopus oryzae (32.2%) and Aspergillus niger (28.9%). In walnuts A. niger (75.6%), in cashews also A. niger (42.4%) while in pistachio samples Alternaria alternata (20.7%), and Cladosporium cladosporioides (20.7%) were the most dominant. Rhizopus oligosporus was the only identified species in all almond samples (100%). Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), the presence of total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A was examinated. In all analyzed samples, levels of ochratoxin A were below the limit of detection. Total aflatoxins were detected only in walnut samples with average concentration of 7.1 ?g/kg.

Screening Method for the Detection of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin, Patulin, Sterigmatocystin, and Zearalenone in Cereals

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
B G Egon Josefsson ◽  
Tord E Möller
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A screening method has been developed for the detection of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone in cereals. After extraction, the sample is cleaned up by gel filtration. The mycotoxins are separated by thin layer chromatography. The limits of detection are about 5 μg aflatoxins, 10 ochratoxin A, 50 μg patulin, 10 μg sterigmatocystin, and 35 μg zearalenone/kg.

Selection of a Simple and Sensitive Method for Detecting Zearalenone in Corn

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora M Quiroga ◽  
Inés Sola ◽  
Edith Varsavsky
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sensitive Method

Abstract A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for determining zearalenone in corn was selected. The toxin was extracted from 50 g test portions with 180 mL acetonitrile and 20 mL 4% KCl solution. A portion of the extract was defatted with isooctane. The acetonitrile extract was cleaned up with 20% lead acetate solution. The zearalenone was partitioned into toluene. The toluene solution was dried, and the residue was redissolved in benzene. The toxin was determined by thin-layer chromatography with silica gel plates and chloroform–acetone (9 +1) as the developing solvent. The overall average recovery of zearalenone from corn was 97%. The limit of detection was 50 μg/kg; this limit may be lowered by using fast violet B salt as spray reagent. The method was compared with 2 previous methods that determine zearalenone in biologically contaminated corn.

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