scholarly journals Branched nanofibers for biodegradable facemasks by double bubble electrospinning

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Qura Tul Ain ◽  
Ji HuanHe
Keyword(s):  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
Double Bubble ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Polymeric Nanofibers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractWorld health organization (WHO) data shows that air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year. A nanofiber based biodegradable facemask can keep breath from smoke and other particles suspended in the air. In this study, we propose branched polymeric nanofibers as a biodegradable material for air filters and facemasks. Fibers have been elecrospun using double bubble electrospinning technique. Biodegradable polymers, PVA and PVP were used in our experiment. Two tubes, each filled with one of the polymers, were supplied with air from the bottom to form bubbles of polymer solutions. DC 35-40 kV was used to deposit the fibers on an aluminum foil. Results show that the combination of polymers under specific conditions produced branched fibers with average nanofibers diameter of 495nm. FT-IR results indicate the new trends in the graph of composite nanofibers.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Triterpenoid Kulit Batang Waru Jawa (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Lisa Savitri ◽  
Kharisul Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Health Organization

Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang serius, khususnya di negara berkembang. Adanya resistensi antimikroba menyebabkan bahaya penyakit infeksi semakin parah, sehingga menjadi perhatian terbesar bagi kesehatan manusia. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2050, septikemia yang disebabkan oleh bakteri resisten antimikroba dapat mengakibatkan 10 juta kematian selama satu tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan isolasi senyawa triterpenoid yang terkandung dalam tanaman waru jawa (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) serta melakukan identifikasi terhadap senyawa triterpenoid, dan melakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri Escherichia coli. Isolasi triterpenoid dari tanaman waru jawa diawali dengan maserasi menggunakan n-heksana, identifikasi triterpenoid, dan melakukan pengujian untuk aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan maserasi 3,2 kg serbuk kering kulit batang waru jawa menghasilkan ekstrak kental n-heksana sebesar 13,06 g. Hasil uji fitokimia menggunakan pereaksi Liebermann-Burchard menunjukkan ekstrak kental n-heksana positif mengandung triterpenoid. Pemisahan ekstrak kental n-heksana dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan isolat positif mengandung triterpenoid sebanyak 6 fraksi. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan adanya serapan maksimum untuk fraksi 1, 2, dan 3 pada panjang gelombang 216,50 nm, 217 nm, dan 228,50 nm. Berdasarkan spektrogram FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus C-C, C=O,-C-H, -CH3, -CH2, dan C-O. Hasil aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode disc diffusion dan pengenceran dalam tabung menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 1, 3, 5, dan crude n-heksana mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Eschericia coli. MIC terhadap E. coli fraksi 1 sebesar 0,2 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of PVA/Zinc Acetate/ Boron Composite Fibers

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Uslu ◽  
Burcu Başer ◽  
Ahmet Yaylı ◽  
Mehmet Levent Aksu
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Composite Polymer ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract The objective of this work was to synthesize boron incorporated PVA/Zinc acetate nano precursor composite polymer fibers using electrospinning technique. Produced fibers, are useful reagents in organic synthesis of zinc oxide nano structures which have gained wide interest because of their potential applications in the fabrication of microelectronic devices. Boron incorporated PVA/Zinc acetate not only improve the electrical properties of ZnO films but also has an influence on the crystal structure of ZnO films. The fibers were measured and characterized by conductiometer (with four-point probe), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of boron incorporated PVA/Zinc acetate hybrid polymer was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. SEM micrographs clearly reveal that there are random-growth oriented fibers on aluminum foil with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 1 μm. According to the TGA analysis decomposition of zinc acetate from the PVA chain was observed around 273 °C, 368 °C and 447 °C. Boron incorporated PVA/Zinc acetate nano composite polymer fibers have been successfully synthesized for the first time using electrospinning technique and characterized in detail as precursor material for ZnO. Electrospinning process has been a widely used, simple and versatile method and in future may be used for large-scale preparation of nanofibers of ZnO.

Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO-TiO2 Nanofibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 1978-1981
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Ju ◽  
Dong Hui Wu ◽  
Yu Jun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Methylene Blue Degradation ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gel Processing

PVP/ZnO-TiO2 composite nanofibers were prepared by Sol-gel processing followed by electrospinning technique using Ti(OC4H9)4 and polyvinglpyrrolidone ( PVP) as starting materials. ZnO-TiO2 nanofibers of 100–200 nm diameter were obtained by high temperature calcinations of the inorganic organic PVP/ZnO-TiO2 composite fibers.The materials were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry thermogravimetric analysis (DSC- TGA) , Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR),and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using ZnO-TiO2 nanofiber as catalyst was investigated.The results show that the ZnO-TiO2 nanofiber dopped 3% ZnO has better photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation, the degradation rate of methylene blue solution reached 99% under sunshine for 6 h., and it’s still 95% after eight times reuse.

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

Sixth Edition: the New Standard

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Robert D. Rondinelli ◽  
Elizabeth Genovese ◽  
Craig Uejo ◽  
Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Impairment Severity

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, was published in December 2007 and is the result of efforts to enhance the relevance of impairment ratings, improve internal consistency, promote precision, and simplify the rating process. The revision process was designed to address shortcomings and issues in previous editions and featured an open, well-defined, and tiered peer review process. The principles underlying the AMA Guides have not changed, but the sixth edition uses a modified conceptual framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), a comprehensive model of disablement developed by the World Health Organization. The ICF classifies domains that describe body functions and structures, activities, and participation; because an individual's functioning and disability occur in a context, the ICF includes a list of environmental factors to consider. The ICF classification uses five impairment classes that, in the sixth edition, were developed into diagnosis-based grids for each organ system. The grids use commonly accepted consensus-based criteria to classify most diagnoses into five classes of impairment severity (normal to very severe). A figure presents the structure of a typical diagnosis-based grid, which includes ranges of impairment ratings and greater clarity about choosing a discreet numerical value that reflects the impairment.

The Historical Development of Burden of Treatment Compliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Burden Of Treatment ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract A long-standing criticism of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) has been the inequity between the internal medicine ratings and the orthopedic ratings; in the comparison, internal medicine ratings appear inflated. A specific goal of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, was to diminish, where possible, those disparities. This led to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the World Health Organization in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, including the addition of the burden of treatment compliance (BOTC). The BOTC originally was intended to allow rating internal medicine conditions using the types and numbers of medications as a surrogate measure of the severity of a condition when other, more traditional methods, did not exist or were insufficient. Internal medicine relies on step-wise escalation of treatment, and BOTC usefully provides an estimate of impairment based on the need to be compliant with treatment. Simplistically, the need to take more medications may indicate a greater impairment burden. BOTC is introduced in the first chapter of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, which clarifies that “BOTC refers to the impairment that results from adhering to a complex regimen of medications, testing, and/or procedures to achieve an objective, measurable, clinical improvement that would not occur, or potentially could be reversed, in the absence of compliance.

Alexithyme Patientenmerkmale und Lebensqualität – Eine Querschnittsstudie an 79 ambulanten Patienten mit Angststörungen

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Leenen ◽  
Michael Rufer ◽  
Hanspeter Moergeli ◽  
Hans-Jörgen Grabe ◽  
Josef Jenewein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaire ◽  
Organization Quality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tas 20

Aus Untersuchungen in der Normalbevölkerung ist bekannt, dass Menschen mit erhöhten Alexithymiewerten eine verminderte Lebensqualität (LQ) aufweisen. Für Patienten mit psychischen Störungen wurde dieser Zusammenhang jedoch kaum untersucht. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen alexithymen Patientenmerkmalen und der LQ bei Patienten mit Angststörungen zu überprüfen. Bei 79 ambulanten Patienten mit Angststörungen wurden alexithyme Charakteristika mit der Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), die LQ mit der Kurzversion des World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire 100 (WHOQOL-BREF) erfasst. Darüber hinaus fand eine Erhebung der psychischen Symptombelastung (SCL-90-R) und depressiven Symptomatik (MADRS) statt. Mittels hierarchischer Regressionsanalysen wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der alexithymen Charakteristika und den unterschiedlichen LQ-Domänen berechnet. Die Patienten zeigten eine im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung deutlich verminderte LQ. Als Hauptergebnis fand sich, auch nach Kontrolle von Depression, Ängstlichkeit und Geschlecht, ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden TAS-20 Subskalen Schwierigkeiten, Gefühle zu identifizieren und zu beschreiben und vor allem der psychischen LQ. Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, bei der Diagnostik und Therapieplanung von Patienten mit Angststörungen alexithyme Merkmale einzubeziehen. Im Falle von ausgeprägten alexithymen Merkmalen sollten psychotherapeutische Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Schwierigkeiten Gefühle wahrzunehmen und zu kommunizieren in Betracht gezogen werden.

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