Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery

Abstract Use of transdermal patches can evade many issues associated with oral drug delivery, such as first-pass hepatic metabolism, enzymatic digestion attack, drug hydrolysis and degradation in acidic media, drug fluctuations, and gastrointestinal irritation. This article reviews various transdermal patches available in the market, types, structural components, polymer role, and the required assessment tools. Although transdermal patches have medical applications for smoking cessation, pain relief, osteoporosis, contraception, motion sickness, angina pectoris, and cardiac disorders, advances in formulation development are ongoing to make transdermal patches capable of delivering more challenging drugs. Transdermal patches can be tailored and developed according to the physicochemical properties of active and inactive components, and applicability for long-term use. Therefore, a number of chemical approaches and physical techniques for transdermal patch development are under investigation.

Download Full-text

Recent Advances in Solid Dispersion Technology for Efficient Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190618121553 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (13) ◽

pp. 1524-1535 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gourav Paudwal ◽

Neha Rawat ◽

Rahul Gupta ◽

Ashish Baldi ◽

Gurdarshan Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Solid Dispersion ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Attrition Rate ◽

Synthetic Methods ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Poorly Water Soluble

Drug discovery is generally considered as a costly affair and it takes approximately 15 years to reach a new chemical entity into the market. Among the recent potent drug molecules with most effective pharmacological properties, very few reached for Phase I clinical trial in humans. Unfortunately, the historical average reveals an almost 90% overall attrition rate in clinical trials. The solubility and permeability of a drug are the critical factors influencing the success of a drug. Oral drug delivery systems still continue to exist as the most favored, simplest and easiest administration route. A huge number of potential clinical candidates won’t make it to the market or accomplish their maximum capacity except if their solubility and oral bioavailability are enhanced by formulation. The solubility of drugs will continue to exist as important aspects of formulation development. With the emergence of synthetic methods for new molecule synthesis in chemistry and better screening methods, the number of poorly water soluble compounds has dramatically expanded in the last few years. Solid dispersion is one of the most important techniques as it can be prepared by several methods. It is mostly prepared with a drug having poor water solubility and it explores hydrophilic polymers either individually or in combination for the enhancement of solubility. In comparison to the conventional formulations such as tablets or capsules, there are different methods with which solid dispersions can be prepared and also have many benefits over conventional drug delivery approaches. Solid dispersion systems are potential for increasing the solubility, oral absorption and bioavailability of drugs and the significance of the solid dispersion technology is constantly increasing. The main focus of this review is to present recent advancements in the area of solid dispersion. This review also includes an account of recent patents on solid dispersion and clinical status of solid dispersion based formulations.

Download Full-text

An intra-oral drug delivery system design for painless, long-term and continuous drug release

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical ◽

10.1016/j.snb.2015.12.081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 573-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yu-Jung Li ◽

Chih-Cheng Lu ◽

Wan-Lo Tsai ◽

Ming-Hung Tai

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

System Design ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Oral Drug Delivery System

Download Full-text

A Comprehensive Review On Pelletization Technology: A Novel Strategy For Formulation Development

10.53049/tjopam.2021.v001i03.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 001 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Akshay Parihar ◽

Bhupendra Prajapati ◽

Himanshu Paliwal

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Oral Drug ◽

The Novel ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Oral Drug Delivery System ◽

Bioactive Agents ◽

Novel Strategy ◽

Novel Drug

Pelletization technology is gaining very much attention in present times as it has provided a competent pathway for the oral drug delivery system manufacturing. Pellets offers many biopharmaceuticals as well as technological recompenses over the conventional dosage forms. Pellets offer required strength for dose which can be blended for the delivery of incompatible bioactive agents and helps in providing different release profiles. In this review we will be discussing the extensively used techniques of pelletization, extrusion and spheronization in detail with their methods and applications in the field of pharmacy as a competent pathway for the novel drug delivery systems.

Download Full-text

Engineering of Long-Term Stable Transparent Nanoemulsion Using High-Gravity Rotating Packed Bed for Oral Drug Delivery

International Journal of Nanomedicine ◽

10.2147/ijn.s238788 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 15 ◽

pp. 2391-2402

Author(s):

Hao-Ran Wu ◽

Chuan-Qi Wang ◽

Jie-Xin Wang ◽

Jian-Feng Chen ◽

Yuan Le

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Oral Drug ◽

High Gravity ◽

Rotating Packed Bed

Download Full-text

Enzyme-digestible swelling hydrogels as platforms for long-term oral drug delivery: synthesis and characterization

Biomaterials ◽

10.1016/0142-9612(88)90009-9 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 435-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

K. Park

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Synthesis And Characterization

Download Full-text

Applications of Ion Exchange Resin in Oral Drug Delivery Systems

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i03.9556 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Kathpalia Harsha ◽

Das Sukanya

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Exchange Resins ◽

Oral Drug Delivery Systems

Ion Exchange Resins (IER) are insoluble polymers having styrene divinylbenzene copolymer backbone that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter ions with the surrounding aqueous solutions. From the past many years they have been widely used for purification and softening of water and in chromatographic columns, however recently their use in pharmaceutical industry has gained considerable importance. Due to the physical stability and inert nature of the resins, they can be used as a versatile vehicle to design several modified release dosage forms The ionizable drug is complexed with the resin owing to the property of ion exchange. This resin complex dissociatesin vivo to release the drug. Based on the dissociation strength of the drug from the drug resin complex, various release patterns can be achieved. Many formulation glitches can be circumvented using ion exchange resins such as bitter taste and deliquescence. These resins also aid in enhancing disintegrationand stability of formulation. This review focuses on different types of ion exchange resins, their preparation methods, chemistry, properties, incompatibilities and their application in various oral drug delivery systems as well as highlighting their use as therapeutic agents.

Download Full-text