The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Properties of Zirconium - Carbon Steel Bimetal Produced By Explosion Welding

Abstract This paper assesses the effect of various values of detonation velocity on the quality of the bond zone, and thus the properties of bimetal zirconium (Zr 700) - steel (P355NL). The research was carried out for as-bonded welds, i.e. immediately following explosion welding. The results of shearing, peeling and tensile tests as well as macro-scale structural analyses were presented. In order to determine the changes in the value of strain hardening, the microhardness measurements across the interface were carried out. Based on the performed analyses it can be claimed that, depending on the applied technological settings of welding, most cases displayed wavy bond with highly diversified parameters of the wave. The changes observed with the detonation velocity are non-monotonic. High detonation velocities favored the formation of waves with large height and length and strongly affect the increase of the volume of brittle melted zones. Increased volume of the melted regions results in strong decrease of strength properties of the clad. The analysis of strength test results allows claiming that a small volume of melted regions in the bond considerably improves the strength of the bond.As a result of explosion welding, strain hardening of the joined materials occurs near the interface. In the case of clad fabricated using high technological parameters the increase of strengthening and the depth of its influence in the interface area is observed.

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Influence of the Microstructure on the Fatigue Cracks Growth in the Joint Zirconium-Steel Made by Explosive Welding

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.619 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 619-622

Author(s):

Mariusz Prazmowski ◽

Dariusz Rozumek ◽

Henryk Paul

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Resistance ◽

Detonation Velocity ◽

Explosive Welding ◽

Fatigue Cracks ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Initial State ◽

Great Height ◽

Bond Zone

This paper assesses the effect of various values of detonation velocity on the quality of the bond zone. The results of structural, static and fatigue studies were presented for bonds in the initial state. Depending on the applied technological settings of welding, most cases displayed a wavy bond with highly diversified parameters of the wave. High detonation velocities favoured the formation of waves with great height and length and clearly affect the increase in the volume of hard and brittle regions of melt in the bond zone. Increased volume of the melted regions in the bond zone results in the decrease of fatigue resistance and strength properties of the clads.

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The Effect of Stand-Off Distance on the Structure and Properties of Zirconium – Carbon Steel Bimetal Produced by Explosion Welding / Wpływ Odległości Blach Na Strukturę I Własności Bimetalu Cyrkon - Stal Wytworzonego Technologią Zgrzewania Wybuchowego

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.2478/v10172-012-0134-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1201-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Prażmowski ◽

H. Paul

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Optical Microscopy ◽

Longitudinal Section ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Strength Distribution ◽

Explosion Welding ◽

General Description ◽

Bond Zone ◽

Bond Interface ◽

The Individual

This study focuses on the effect of the stand-off distance between the bonded plates on the properties of zirconium (Zr700) - steel (P355NL2) bimetal produced by explosion welding. Bonding trials were carried out in parallel arrangement at constant detonation velocity. The analyses of microstructural transformations occurring in the bond zone and mechanical properties of the clad were performed for as-bonded welds, i.e. immediately following explosion welding. A general description of the obtained welds was made (height and length of the wave was determined) and the quantitative fraction of the melt zones was calculated along the bond’s length. Using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled the assessment of the quality of the formed bonds, initial identification of phases and quantitative analysis of the individual phases on the longitudinal section. The microhardness results were used in the analysis of hardening changes at the interface area. The completed research proves the potential to obtain a proper bond for zirconium/carbon steel sheets. A strong effect of the stand-off distance on the strength properties of the fabricated plates was observed, and the ’direction’ of these transformations was pointed out. Optical microscopy and SEM examinations allowed determining the characteristic of the bond interface for diverse stand-off distances. It was established that increasing the stand-off distance between the plates causes the reduction of the melt area along the length of the bond, which improves strength properties of the bimetal. The analysis of the strength distribution performed based on the microhardness measurements showed that the changes occur within the distances up to 500µm from the bond interface and the highest hardening, for both zirconium and steel, is directly at the interface and then successively decreases.

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Regularities in Bimetal Joint Formation at Explosion Welding with Simultaneous Stamping

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.733 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 989 ◽

pp. 733-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V.I. Kuz'min ◽

Vladimir I. Lysak ◽

Evgeniy V. Kuz’min

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Loading ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Explosion Welding ◽

Radial Deformation ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Joint Formation ◽

Plate Dynamic ◽

Loading Scheme

This paper reports the investigation of the effect of a plate dynamic loading scheme upon bimetal joint formation at explosion welding with simultaneous stamping. The investigation results of the effect of technological parameters and matrix material upon a radial deformation and quality of explosive pressed аrmco iron+steel 3 bimetal are shown. It is determined experimentally, that additional punching in modes common for explosion welding, without their intensification, allow achieving considerable deformations and manufacturing qualitative bimetal blanks with a high factor of a part form.

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New Copper Alloys Used to Make Products Intended for Contact with Drinking Water

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6301

Author(s):

Michał Chruściński ◽

Szymon Szkudelski ◽

Jacek Borowski ◽

Artur Meller ◽

Marcin Suszyński

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Copper Alloys ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Production Plant ◽

Test Results ◽

Static Tensile ◽

Specific Temperature ◽

Degree Of Filling

This article presents the results of tests conducted as part of a research project with the primary objective of developing new copper alloys with limited lead content. The new group of materials were created in a production plant. As part of tests, a group of 22 alloys were selected for testing in castability, structural characteristics and hardness. Based on the test results obtained, the group of alloys under study was narrowed down to nine. The mechanical properties of these alloys were determined in static tensile tests as well as in uniaxial upsetting tests at elevated temperature, on the basis of which the group of alloys under investigation was further narrowed to three. Further studies involved technological verification of the application of these alloys under industrial conditions. These alloys were subject to numerical forging analyses, along with forging tests, under semi-industrial conditions, where the degree of filling of a die impression at a specific temperature was measured using an optic scanner. The quality of production of the obtained forgings was evaluated macroscopically with simultaneous observations of the microstructure.

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Contact ability optimization of the surface of titanium parts with different stiffness during flat grinding by highly porous wheel

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822401062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 01062

Author(s):

Yakov I. Soler ◽

Dinh Si Mai ◽

Denis Yu. Kazimirov

Keyword(s):

Feed Rate ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Double Pass ◽

Performance Properties ◽

Macro Scale ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Highly Porous ◽

Bearing Part

In order to improve the contact performance properties, we present optimization of flat grinding of titanium parts in accordance with two parameters: the relative bearing length of the profile and the relative bearing part of the parts’ surface that allow to assess the quality of the surface at the micro- and macro-scale. It is established that in order to achieve the set goal, grinding should be carried out with a minimum lateral feed rate sΠ = 2.0 mm/double pass, and the remaining technological parameters are selected depending on the rigidity of the parts and the direction of its variation.

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Use of Polymer for Rehabilitation of Uneven Settlement in Concrete Roadbed Slabs of Tunnels

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1129.468 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1129 ◽

pp. 468-473

Author(s):

Jing Liu ◽

Xin Guo Zheng ◽

Shu Ming Li ◽

Zhi Zeng ◽

De Jun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Strength ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Test Results ◽

Polymer Injection ◽

Railway Tracks ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Injection Technology

In some tunnels of railway lines located in water-rich region, due to the long-term water leakage and erosion, the foundation of railway lines showed large uneven settlement deformation, so the above concrete roadbed slabs also experienced uneven settlement accordingly. The smoothness of railway tracks diminished, and the speed of passing trains had to be limited to ensure safety. To restore the smoothness of the tracks, a dedicated polymer injection technology for quick uplift rehabilitation of uneven settlement concrete roadbed slabs was studied on site just within the specified daily skylight time (about 3 hours every day) of the railway lines. A hydrophobic polymer with low-viscosity, quick-setting and high-strength properties was used for injecting, filling and uplifting the concrete slabs in water-rich foundations. The high-precision electronic levels were adopted to monitor rising height of the tracks in real time. After rehabilitation, the filling quality of polymer injection under roadbed slabs was examined using Φ50 mm core samples and the strength of hardened polymer was verified by compressive strength test. Results indicated that the polymer could uplift the concrete roadbed slabs effectively and restore the smoothness of railway tracks accurately even in the water-rich environment. The research can provide some valuable references for quick rehabilitation of uneven settlement concrete roadbed slabs in water-rich tunnels.

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Mechanical Properties Analysis of the AA2519-AA1050-Ti6Al4V Explosive Welded Laminate

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194348 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4348

Author(s):

Ireneusz Szachogluchowicz ◽

Lucjan Sniezek ◽

Tomasz Slezak ◽

Janusz Kluczyński ◽

Krzysztof Grzelak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Tests ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Diffraction Reflection ◽

Test Results ◽

Ray Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Thin Aluminum ◽

Measurement Science ◽

Titanium Alloy Ti6al4v

Explosively welded layered materials made of (a) an AA2519 aluminum alloy (AlCuMgMn + ZrSc), (b) titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and (c) an intermediate layer composed of a thin aluminum alloyed AA1050 layer are considered herein. This study presents test results connected to measurement science including microstructural observations of the material combined with the explosive method, and a basic analysis of the strength properties based on microhardness and tensile tests. Owing to the joint’s special manufacturing conditions, the laminate was subjected to deformation measurements with the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The research was supplemented by the residual stress measurements with the sin2ψ X-ray method based on the diffraction–reflection analysis that was verified by the bore trepanation method.

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Simulation and study of strength properties of rocks by measuring characteristics during the blast holes drilling

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185601002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Andrey Regotunov ◽

Rudolf Sukhov

Keyword(s):

Average Power ◽

Average Energy ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Test Results ◽

Open Cast Mining ◽

Average Power Consumption ◽

Open Cast ◽

Local Block ◽

Explosive Destruction

The article shows the results of the development of a method for obtaining information on the strength properties of an massif in the process of drilling of blast holes. This method is developed for open-cast mining and serves to increase the effectiveness of mass explosions. The order of operations is shown and the equipment is described for obtaining the necessary measured characteristics for the subsequent simulation of the distribution of rocks in the volume of the local block of the massif. The paper presents an approach to simulating of a threedimensional model of rock distribution from the difficulty of drilling in the volume of a local block that is subject to explosive destruction. The results of approbation of the equipment and simulation procedure at a large mining enterprise OJSC "Uralasbest" when blast holes are drilled with roller-type drill rig are presented. As a result of the approbation of the equipment, the values of the average power consumption for the drilling of one meter of the well were set by the machine tool, the fraction of power attributable to the auxiliary operations, and the average energy intensity of the fracture (by the rotator power, without taking into account the compressor's cost for blowing the well). Based on the test results, a digital model has been developed that has made it possible to improve the quality of studies on strength properties of rocks in an experimental local block prepared for explosive destruction.

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The Analysis of the Test Results Base on the Performance Sample Processing Differences

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.337 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 337-341

Author(s):

Dai Lu Zhang ◽

Shi Jun Hu ◽

Hong Xiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Test Results ◽

Sample Processing ◽

Different Shapes ◽

Different Diameters ◽

Processing Differences ◽

Essential Prerequisite

In the mechanical properties test, in order to ensure test results reflect the characteristics of the material itself reliably, the sample’s quality of processing is an essential prerequisite. Performance sample with different shapes were processed into different diameters, different shoulder of the transition area, and different width, to be conducted with tensile tests of mechanical properties. The results show that differences in sample processing on the mechanical test results are different, and we fine some disciplines by analyzing the reasons causing the differences.

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