scholarly journals Influence of Barn Climate, Body Postures and Milk Yield on the Respiration Rate of Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severino Pinto ◽  
Gundula Hoffmann ◽  
Christian Ammon ◽  
Barbara Amon ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to identify the influences of different climatic conditions and cow-related factors on the respiration rate (RR) of lactating dairy cows. Measurements were performed on 84 lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows (first to eighth lactation) in Brandenburg, Germany. The RR was measured hourly or twice a day with up to three randomly chosen measurement days per week between 0700 h and 1500 h (GMT + 0100 h) by counting right thoraco-abdominal movements of the cows. Simultaneously with RR measurements, cow body postures (standing vs. lying) were documented. Cows’ milk yield and days in milk were recorded daily. The ambient temperature and relative humidity of the barn were recorded every 5 min to calculate the current temperature-humidity index (THI). The data were analyzed for interactions between THI and cow-related factors (body postures and daily milk yield) on RR using a repeated measurement linear mixed model. There was a significant effect of the interaction between current THI category and body postures on RR. The RRs of cows in lying posture in the THI < 68, 68 ≤ THI < 72 and 72 ≤ THI < 80 categories (37, 46 and 53 breaths per minute (bpm), respectively) were greater than those of standing cows in the same THI categories (30, 38 and 45 bpm, respectively). For each additional kilogram of milk produced daily, an increase of 0.23±0.19 bpm in RR was observed. Including cow-related factors may help to prevent uncertainties of RR in heat stress predictions. In practical application, these factors should be included when predicting RR to evaluate heat stress on dairy farms.

Can post-milking insemination increase conception rate in high-producing Holstein cows under heat stress? A retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (03) ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
R. Rahbar ◽  
A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi ◽  
R. Abdullahpour ◽  
A. Nejati-Javaremi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Dairy Animals

AbstractHeat stress, especially in countries with hot climates, is a major cause of low fertility in high-producing dairy herds. Management strategies are needed to help producers improve the reproductive performance of their dairy animals under such conditions. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of pre- and post-milking insemination on the conception rate (CR) in dairy cows. The dataset included 1294 insemination records leading to pregnancy in 708 lactating Holstein dairy cows. The GLIMMIX model procedure of SAS based on the generalized linear mixed model methodology was used to analyse the results of insemination (success or failure) as a binomial distribution with the logit link function. Differences were observed in CRs between pre- and post-milking insemination. The pregnancy odds ratio (OR) for post-milking insemination relative to that for pre-milking one was estimated at 1.90 [1.23‒2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI)]. Different levels of interaction were obtained between average daily milk production and time of insemination. In the high-producing group, the pregnancy OR for the post-milking relative to that for the pre-milking insemination was estimated at 3.53 (2.00‒6.24; 95% CI). A significant interaction effect was obtained between insemination time and the temperature-humidity index. A pregnancy OR of 2.52 (1.22‒4.14; 95% CI) was recorded for the cows inseminated after milking on days with higher levels of heat and humidity stress v. the pre-milking inseminated ones. Based on the results, post-milking insemination of high-producing cows increased CRs, especially on days with high heat and humidity stress.

scholarly journals A Candidate Gene Association Study for Economically Important Traits in Czech Dairy Goat Breeds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Michaela Brzáková ◽  
Jana Rychtářová ◽  
Jindřich Čítek ◽  
Zuzana Sztankóová
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk production is influenced by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Animal health, especially udder health, is usually evaluated by the number of somatic cells. The present study described the effect of polymorphisms in the ACACA, BTN1A1, LPL, and SCD genes on the daily milk yield, fat, and protein percentages and somatic cell count. In this study, 590 White Shorthaired (WSH) and Brown Shorthaired (BSH) goats were included. SNP genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR followed by SNaPshot minisequencing analysis. The linear mixed model with repeated measurement was used to identify the genetic associations between the studied genes/SNPs and chosen traits. All selected genes were polymorphic in the tested goat populations and showed significant associations with milk traits. Only BTN1A1 (SNP g.599 A > G) showed a significant association with the somatic cell score. After Bonferroni correction, a significant effect of LPL g.300G > A on daily milk yield and fat percentage, LPL g.185G > T on protein percentage, and LPL G50C, SCD EX3_15G > A, and SCD EX3_68A > G on fat percentage was found. The importance of environmental factors, such as the herd-year effect, month of milking, and lactation order on all milk performance indicators was confirmed.

scholarly journals Short communication: The lag response of daily milk yield to heat stress in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 981-988
Author(s):  
Gan Li ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Dandan Peng ◽  
Xianhong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

scholarly journals Do mats matter? – Comparison of fertility traits and milk yield in dairy cows on rubber or concrete flooring

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Kremer ◽  
A. M. Scholz ◽  
S. Nüske ◽  
M. Förster
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fertility Trait ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The University ◽  
Fertility Traits

Abstract. Rubber flooring in dairy cows has been discussed controversially, because different studies found as well advantages as disadvantages regarding claw health. Until today little is known regarding the effect of rubber flooring on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Therefore, the study aimed at comparing fertility and the milk yield of dairy cows on concrete or rubber flooring. Days to first breeding (DFB), days open (DO), services per conception (SC), heat detection rate (HDR), conception rate (first service; CR1st service) and the corresponding 100 days in milk (DIM) milk yield were evaluated for 139 lactation periods of 91 cows of the University Munich Livestock Center dairy herd. The cows entered the study as heifers and were housed on the same flooring system during their whole productive life. All cows underwent the same management, feeding, and climatic conditions. A mixed model procedure was used to analyse data. Cows on rubber (RSF) compared with cows on concrete flooring (CSF) showed less DFB (76.8/94.6; P<0.01), less DO (98.8/138.4; P<0.01), and no difference regarding SC (1.5/1.7; P=0.267). Furthermore, no differences regarding the 100 DIM milk yield could be established. The calculation of HDR (54.9%/27.9%) and CR1st service (39.4/29.4) showed also high advantages for the rubber flooring. It was concluded that rubber flooring affects an earlier onset of regular oestrus behaviour and improves the economically sensible fertility trait of calving interval by earlier pregnancy and less days open but does not cause higher milk yield.

scholarly journals Persistence of heat stress eff ect in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Vesna Gantner ◽  
Tina Bobić ◽  
Klemen Potočnik ◽  
Maja Gregić ◽  
Denis Kučević
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

In order to determine the persistence of heat stress effect in dairy cows regarding the breed, parity and susceptibility to heat stress, over 1.9 million of test-day records from Holstein and Simmental cows reared in Croatia were used. The persistence of heat stress effect in the subsequent milk recordings was determined in cows that had significant decrease of daily milk yield at different THI threshold value (65, 70, 75, 80, and 85). The obtained results indicate that cows heat stressed at lower THI threshold value had higher proportional drop of daily milk yield in subsequent milk recordings. Also, primiparous and Simmentals experienced higher proportional drop when compared to multiparous and Holsteins. The negative effect of heat stress on daily milk contents that existed in all cows was more pronounced in the 2nd subsequent milk recording. The determined increase of somatic cell count in more heat stress sensitive Holsteins (THI in 65, 70, 75) indicates that Holstein cows, in terms of heat stress, also become more susceptible to mastitis. Finally, the lower was the THI threshold value, the stronger and more persistent was the heat stress effect. Considering the quite probable increase of the frequency of heat stress days, it is necessary to develop an adequate strategy for dairy farming. Aiming the accurate answer to the problem of heat stress in this region, it is necessary to conduct further research on genetic evaluation.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Productive and Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows Synchronized for Estrus with the Ovsynch Protocol Under Subtropical Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
M. M. Shabaan M. M. Shabaan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Days Open ◽  
The Times ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on productive and reproductive performances in Holstein dairy cows during summer compared to winter seasons. During each seasons, temperature–humidity index (THI), rectal temperature, and respiration rate were recorded for 105 days. Daily milk yield (Kg/day) was recorded for 5 consecutive months each season. Serum cholesterol, glucose, urea and progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined around the times of inseminations. Conception rate to first insemination (CR/AI), overall pregnancy rate, number of services per conception (NSPC) and number of days open (DO) were determined each season. Values of THI, rectal temperatures and respiration rate were greater in summer than winter. Daily milk yield was greater in winter months compared to summer. Serum glucose and urea concentrations were greater in summer than winter during the dry period and at the times of GnRH and PGF injections. However, cholesterol was greater in winter during GnRH and PGF injection times. Serum P4 concentrations were not affected by GnRH treatment in summer, whereas GnRH injection increased P4 concentration during winter season. More winter cows conceived to first AI and required less number of services per conception and had fewer days open compared to summer cows.

scholarly journals Mitigating heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free-stall barn by sprinkler systems coupled with forced ventilation

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro D'Emilio ◽  
Simona M.C. Porto ◽  
Giovanni Cascone ◽  
Marco Bella ◽  
Marco Gulino
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Cooling Systems

This paper presents the results of a research study which had the objective of investigating the effect of a sprinkler system coupled with forced ventilation on the heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free stall barn without paddock. To this aim, an experiment was carried out inside a free-stall dairy house equipped with two different cooling systems: a fogging system associated with forced ventilation in the resting area and a sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation in the feeding alley. The experiment regarded two adjacent pens of the barn and was constituted by three different trials carried out in the following periods: 27th June – 7th July (P1), 25th July – 4th August (P2), 24th August – 3rd September (P3). The experimental protocol of each trial required that the treatment group was housed in one pen where the two cooling systems were always activated following an established timetable, whereas the control group was housed in the other pen, where the sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation was always deactivated. Climatic parameters were measured inside each pen of the barn and outside. Then, thermal humidity index (THI) was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate of a sample of dairy cows were monitored each day during the three periods considered (P1, P2 and P3). During the three trials the cows of both groups were subjected to climatic conditions that resulted in average daily THI values between 72.8 and 74.7, corresponding to mild or moderate heat stress. However, during daytime, air temperature and relative humidity reached values corresponding to a severe heat stress, as attested by the maximum THI values that were higher than or very close to 80. Furthermore, it was observed that the sprinklers do not influence the microclimatic conditions. However, the physiological parameters values of the treatment group were always significantly lower than the corresponding ones of the control group. Specifically, the system especially influenced the respiration rate that, in the treatment group, was close to 50 breath/min, while in the control group it reached 70 breath/min. The sprinkler system had more limited effects on rectal temperature that, however, in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group (38.7°C to 38.8°C vs 39.1°C 39.4°C) in all the three periods of the experiment. These results show that the sprinkler system could be useful to mitigate heat stress in dairy cows.

Impact of Rumen-Protected Niacin on Milk Production Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Dairy Cows Under Mild Heat Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Guang Wang ◽  
Xingbo Yu ◽  
Li Zhen ◽  
Yongli Qu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Blood Biochemical

To study the influence of rumen-protected niacin on mild heat-stressed dairy cow, 30 healthy high-yielding dairy cows with similar parity were selected and randomly divided into three groups and were fed the rations with 0g/d, 6g/d and 12g/d rumen-protected niacin respectively. The results showed that the dairy cows were in mild heat stress during the experiment and the time of test day significantly affected the milk yield, FCM and respiration rate of cows. Rumen-protected niacin supplement neither altered the dairy cow’s body temperature, skin temperature and respiration rate, nor affected their milk yield and milk quality; however, it reduced the level of triglyceride and urea in serum.

scholarly journals Seasonal heat stress alters the milk yield, antioxidative levels and serum metabolites in primiparous and 3 multiparous dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Chen ◽  
Jia Nan Dong ◽  
Ji Ye Rong ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Seasonal Heat ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract This study aimed to explore the seasonal heat stress affects the milk yield, antioxidative levels and serum metabolites in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows during early lactation. A total of two hundred dairy cows were selected according to their calving months (June, temperature humidity index (THI) =66.72; July, THI=70.30; August, THI=69.32; September, THI=67.20; October, THI=59.45). Blood samples were collected on day 0, 21, 50, 80, 100 after calving for serum oxidative status analysis and milk yield was recorded every day. The lower average daily milk yield in cows that calved in June and July (P<0.05), and average daily milk yield of multiparous cows was higher than that of primiparous cows that calved in the same month (P<0.05), suggesting that seasonal (June) heat stress negatively affected milk yield in both primiparous and multiparous cows at early lactation. Besides, 15 and 11 serum metabolites were changed in heat stress (average THI = 70.30) group compared with non heat stress (average THI = 59.45) group in primiparous cows and multiparous cows, respectively. These metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. These data suggested that heat stress negatively affected the milk yield and thus caused the the elevation of 2 the serum oxidative and antioxidative index Metabolic biomarkers associated with the heat stress 29 in serum were found 0 which providing the basement of evaluating indicator between heat stress and non heat stress groups in primiparous and multiparous cows.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

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