scholarly journals Extract of grape seed enhances the growth performance, humoral and mucosal immunity, and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Mehrinakhi ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽  
Najmeh Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam ◽  
Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were distributed in four groups and fed diets with varying levels of GSE at 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg for 56 days. The final length in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The final weight and weight gain of fish fed with GSE were statistically higher than the control diet, while the feed conversion ratio was lower in GSE groups than the control. Hematological parameters did not statistically enhance with GSE supplemented diets (P>0.05). However, fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet displayed a higher WBC count significantly than the other group (P<0.05). The serum total protein and globulin in fish fed with 20 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). A similar pattern was noticed in results for serum and mucus lysozyme activity with a significant increase in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control (P<0.05). Total antibody levels in serum and mucus samples were also increased in fish by dietary GSE with maximum levels by 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet. Besides, mucus protease activity was higher in fish received 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet with maximum level shown in fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, all groups showed higher mucus antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila with the highest activity in 30 g GSE/kg diet in comparison with the control group. The cumulative mortality was 36.67% when fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet and challenged with A. hydrophila. However, the mortality rate was 40% and 53.33% in fish fed 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet, respectively. This study suggests that supplementation of GSE could significantly enhance the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in common carp.

scholarly journals Skin Mucosal, Serum Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fed Artemisia (Artemisia annua)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Sarhadi ◽  
Ebrahim Alizadeh ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽  
Hossein Adineh ◽  
Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Immune Parameters

AbstractIn this study, the effect of artemisia (Artemisia annua) leaves extract (ALE) on the immune system, growth performance and antioxidant capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. Fish with initial weight (90.32 ± 1.12 g) were fed various levels of ALE (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance (FW, WG, SGR, PER, and LER) in fish fed 1 g/kg ALE was increased significantly (P<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in fish fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg ALE in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). Skin mucus total protein was higher in fish fed diet containing 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other experimental groups (P<0.05), while the lysozyme, immunoglobulin and protease was increased by increasing of ALE in diets. Respiratory burst activity and serum immune parameters were higher in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other treatments (P<0.05). Increasing of catalase (CAT) and decreasing of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in fish fed ALE, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased only in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE. Hence, it can be concluded that ALE has considerable potential as a natural immunostimulant and growth promotor supplement for the common carp’s aquaculture.

scholarly journals Effects of a Trans-Galactooligosaccharide on Minerals Content of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ziółkowska ◽  
Joanna Bogucka ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Mateusz Rawski ◽  
Szymon Różański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Freeze Dried

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is a dominant fish species in aquaculture, and as it is a stomachless species, absorption and digestion of nutrients take place in the intestine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic on the content of selected minerals found in the meat, gills, and skeleton of common carp. The research applied trans-galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic produced by enzymatic transgalactosylation of milk lactose by whole cells of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The following diets have been applied: control diet without feed additives (C), diet 2 (B1) with 1% of GOS, and diet 3 (B2) with 2% of GOS. In the freeze-dried samples, concentrations of the analyzed metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The content of phosphorus was determined using colorimetric method. The analyses confirmed that the highest level of Mg was detected in the skeleton of fish fed with 1% GOS (2.51 g kg−1) and was significantly higher compared the control treatment (2.11 g kg−1) (P < 0.05). Zn content in fish meat fed with 1% GOS (35.41 mg kg−1) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group (24.59 mg kg−1). The tissue that accumulated the greatest amount of Zn was the gills. GOS had a positive effect on Fe accumulation in the meat, gills, and skeleton. It has been concluded that supplementation of feed with 2% GOS significantly influenced the positive correlations between Mg and P in the meat and skeleton, Fe–Ca correlation in gills, and Fe–Zn correlation in the skeleton.

scholarly journals Effect of β-glucan on behavioral, biochemical and hematological parameters against toxicity of copper sulfate in common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Jamal K. Al-faragi,
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Hb Concentration

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a commercial ß-glucan against acute toxic effect of copper sulfate on common carp Cyprinus carpio L. behavioral, hematological parameters and biochemical tests. A total of 250 Fish (150 ± 2 g) were fed a basal control diet or the basal diet plus a ß-glucan (1 g kg-1 diet) for 60 days. LC50 was calculated for 72 h which was 10.83 mg L-1.  At the end of the trial, CuSO4.5H2O was added to all treatments  at a dose  of  5 mgL-1  for  T1  and  T2, 7mg L-1  for  T3  and  T4, 9  mgL-1 for T5  and  T6   for  96h. Fish behavioral changes were recorded during 96h of exposure to different Cu concentrations with and without β-glucan, which showed abnormalities such as increase swimming activity, jerky movement, loss of equilibrium, respiratory stress, increase operculum movement, frequent jumping, erratic swimming and swimming near the water surface. On the other hand, ß-glucan supplemented groups showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in Hb concentration, PCV%, RBC and WBC count in comparison with groups without ß-glucan. The results of dietary groups without ß-glucan showed a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in Hb concentration, hematocrit value, RBC count, but there were significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in WBC count with an increase of Cu concentration compared to control groups. Results showed significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in dietary groups without ß-glucan in values of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes activity with elevation of Cu levels compared to control group. But, ß-glucan supplemented groups showed significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in values of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes activity in comparison with dietary groups without ß-glucan. These results suggested that β-glucan has protective effect against CuSO4 toxicity and future studies should be pursued particularly immune response and molecular studies

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL on Cecal Bacterial Community Structure of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Hong ◽  
Yingxian Cheng ◽  
Yanjuan Li ◽  
Xiaowen Li ◽  
Zutao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

Probiotics can promote the health and growth performance of animals through modulation of intestinal microbiota. When used as a feed additive, they have the potential to minimize or abolish the use of antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the effect of the probiotic strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL on the growth performance and cecum microflora composition in Cobb 500 broiler chickens. In total, 180 broilers were randomly divided into three groups—each group comprised 4 pens, and each pen contained 15 chickens. The three groups were fed either a control diet, or a diet supplemented with either the antibiotic chlortetracycline or B. amyloliquefaciens TL. Broilers were weighed, and cecum contents were collected on days 7, 14, 21, and 35, respectively. The broilers in both the antibiotic and probiotic groups exhibited significant weight gain compared with controls, exhibiting increases of 16.02% and 13.40%, respectively, after 35 days (P<0.01). Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1–35 days) of broilers in the chlortetracycline and B. amyloliquefaciens TL groups was lower than that of the controls. HiSeq high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA of the cecal microbiota was performed on days 7, 14, 21, and 35, respectively. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher in the chlortetracycline and B. amyloliquefaciens TL groups than in the control group on days 14, 21, and 35, and especially on day 21. The prevalence of genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Butyricicoccus, and Faecalibacterium (Firmicutes) was higher in the antibiotic and probiotic groups, while that of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides (Bacteroidetes), and Lactobacillus was higher in the control group. In this study, the changes in the microbiota of the probiotic group were similar to those in the antibiotic group. These results suggest that the probiotic strain B. amyloliquefaciens TL can modulate the cecal microbiota of broilers similar to chlortetracycline.

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