scholarly journals Adaptation of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) to formulated diets: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kamyar Javid Rahmdel ◽  
Bahram Falahatkar
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Live Food ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
First Feeding

Abstract Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.) is a valuable species that is in high demand among consumers due to its nutritional features such as delicious meat, white and soft texture and lack of intermascualr bones. The main barriers in the development of pikeperch aquaculture are the challenges of its larviculture. A major problem in the larval period is that pikeperch must feed on live food, which imposes high costs on producers. Therefore, substituting live food with formulated diets is necessary, but this process cannot be performed easily and it requires an action plan to be successful. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of different aspects related to pikeperch nutrition including its natural feeding habits, nutritional requirements, digestive tract ontogeny, and the most common live foods used in pikeperch first feeding. Moreover, different weaning methods in pikeperch culture are provided to introduce an appropriate strategy to assist this fish in adapting to formulated diets.

scholarly journals Morphohistology of the Digestive Tract of the Damsel FishStegastes fuscus(Osteichthyes: Pomacentridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskara Canan ◽  
Wallace Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Naisandra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tidal Pools

This study investigated the morphohistology of the digestive tract and the mean intestinal coefficient of the damsel fishStegastes fuscuscaptured from the tidal pools of Northeastern Brazil. The wall of the digestive tract ofS. fuscusis composed of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. The esophagus is short with sphincter and thick distensible wall with longitudinally folded mucosa. Mucous glands are predominant, and the muscular layer of the esophagus presented striated fibers all along its extension. The transition region close to the stomach shows plain and striated muscular fibers. Between the stomach and intestine, there are three pyloric caeca. The intestine is long and thin with four folds around the stomach. The anterior intestine presents folds similar to those of pyloric caeca. The estimated mean intestinal coefficient and characteristics of the digestive system ofS. fuscuspresent morphological adequacy for both herbivorous and omnivorous feeding habits.

scholarly journals Feed of Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, (Regan, 1910) in open pond: live and formulated diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Sipaúba-Tavares ◽  
A. M. Appoloni ◽  
J. B. K. Fernandes ◽  
R. N. Millan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Live Food ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Open Pond ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Formulated Diet

Abstract The growth rate and percent survival of Betta splendens when submitted to formulated diet and live food treatments are evaluated. The three different diets were used and designated as: formulated diet (basal diet); live food diet (plankton) and mixed diet (formulated diet with plankton). The live food diet contained plankton belonging to an open pond. High mortality was reported with live food (plankton) treatment whereas higher percent survival occurred with formulated diet. Highest specific growth rate, weight gain and final weight were reported in the mixed diet treatment and were significantly different (p<0.01) from those in formulated diet and live food treatments. The gut contents of B. splendens in mixed diet and live food treatments comprised, Rotifera and Bacillariophyceae species in high percentages or rather, over 78% of total organisms. Lecane sp. was the most ingested zooplankton species by B. splendens in both treatments (mixed diet and live food), with the phytoplankton species Asterionella sp. and Melosira sp. respectively in mixed diet and in live food, respectively. Results indicated that the formulated diet influenced the water parameters dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and pH. The live food in the open pond was not enough to improve the growth rate and percent survival of B. splendens. The growth performance of B. splendens; had the best results with mixed diet which was capable of maintaining species’s survival (82%) and development in artificial conditions, benefiting the culture management of ornamental fish.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Tetracampos ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) collected from the Vaal Dam, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Madanire-Moyo ◽  
Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Vaal Dam

Cestodes are parasitic flatworms that live in the digestive tract of vertebrates as adults and often in the liver, muscle, haemocoel, mesentery and brain of various animals as larval stages. To identify the cestodes infecting Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal Dam, a total of 45 host specimens were collected with the aid of gill nets between October 2011, January and April 2012. The fish were sacrificed and examined for cestode parasites. Two adult cestodes, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 (prevalence 86.7%, mean intensity = 15, n = 45) and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Janicki, 1928) (prevalence 51.1%, mean intensity = 5, n = 45) were found in the intestines of the catfish. Both T. ciliotheca and P. glanduligerus are new locality records. There were statistically insignificant differences in the infection of the male and female C. gariepinu. Fish with standard length ranging from 40 cm – 54 cm (≥ 3 years) had the highest prevalence and mean intensity while those ranging from 10 cm – 24 cm (< 1 year) had the lowest prevalence and mean intensity for both cestodes. The study highlights the importance of changing feeding habits of C. gariepinus with age on the prevalence and mean intensity of the two gastrointestinal cestode parasites.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of the digestive tract of Schizodon knerii (Steindachner, 1875), (Characiformes: Anostomidae): An anatomical, histological and histochemical study

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 867-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella L. Dos Santos ◽  
Fábio P. Arantes ◽  
Kleber B. Santiago ◽  
José E. Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Pyloric Region ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium

The digestive tracts of 44 specimens of Schizodon knerii were studied using anatomical, histological and histochemical techniques. The mouth has terminal position, the lip epithelium is squamous stratified with mucous, claviform cells and taste buds, teeth have an incisive form and the tongue has a stratified squamous epithelium with mucous cells and taste buds. The oropharynx cavity is formed by gill apparatus and pharyngeal teeth. The oesophagus presented pleated mucosa, a stratified squamous epithelium with mucous cells, oesophageal glands and taste buds. The stomach presented cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions, simple prismatic epithelium with tubular glands, with none in the pyloric region. The intestine contains 11-15 pyloric caeca, a simple prismatic epithelium with brush border, goblet cells and lymphocytes. Mucosal cells, oesophageal glands and goblet cells reacted positively to PAS, amylase + PAS, Ab pH 2.5 and Ab pH 0.5. Gastric prismatic cells reacted positively to PAS, amylase + PAS, but only those in the pyloric region reacted positively to Ab pH 2.5 and Ab pH 0.5. The results improve the understanding of the anatomy of S. knerii feeding habits and the presence of mucosubstances in the epithelium, highlights the importance of glycoproteins for passing food through the digestive tract.

Sensitivity of ant (Cephalotes) colonies and individuals to antibiotics implies feeding symbiosis with gut microorganisms

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Jaffe ◽  
Flavio H Caetano ◽  
Pedro Sánchez ◽  
Jose V Hernández ◽  
Leonardo Caraballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Ants in the tribe Cephalotini are exceptional in that they maintain microorganisms in their digestive tract. To understand what these microorganisms mean to the ants, we observed the feeding habits of Cephalotes pusillus and Cephalotes atratus, finding that in nature they feed on extrafloral nectars, homopteran secretions, and bird droppings. Feeding the antibiotic kanamycin to colonies of C. pusillus in the laboratory kills them. Ants desiccate or starve rather than feed on liquids to which the antibiotics gentamycin and netilmycin have been added, but feed and survive on liquids containing nystatin, penicillin, and ampicillin. We identified over 10 microorganisms from the intestine of C. pusillus with different antibiotic-resistance patterns. The bacteria are from the genera Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Sphingobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Myroides, Brevundimonas, Alcaligenes, Stenotrophomonas, Moraxella, and Pseudomonas. We hypothesize that the microorganisms provide nutrients to the ants by synthesizing amino acids from carbohydrates and nitrates. We do not know whether the ants collect the bacteria from the environment, but they transmit them to their young. They culture them in their digestive tract, eventually feeding on them.

Observations on the Life-histories, Nutritional Requirements and Fecundity of Blowflies

1933 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Mackerras
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Length Of Life

L. sericata, L. cuprina, Ch. rufifacies, C. stygia and C. augur have been bred through many generations in captivity. These flies were bred in artificial light as well as in sunlight. Inbreeding had no effect upon activity, fecundity or length of life.A diet of protein is necessary for the maturation of ova but not of spermatozoa.Oviposition is not strictly associated with a suitable larval environment, but is more in the nature of a response to a tactile stimulus. Copulation appears to provide an essential stimulus for oviposition.No evidence of parthenogenesis has been obtained and unfertilised females did not lay eggs.The maximum oviposition observed was 3,171 ova by a hybrid Lucilia. This fly lived 94 days.A total oviposition of 2,373 ova was observed in a L. sericata. Both parent flies lived 77 days.The number of ova a fly can produce at one time is dependent on its size and thus on the amount of food obtained in the larval stage.The sex-ratio for Lucilia is very close to 1 : 1. Starvation in the larval period did not have a marked effect on the sex-ratio.It is possible to cross the two closely related species of Lucilia, and the cuprina characters appear to be dominant. It is unlikely that this cross occurs in the field.

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