scholarly journals Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province (Poland) in the years 1986 and 2006

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Saczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Wasiluk
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Greatest Generation

AbstractBackground: The objective of this study was to determine changes in the group size of girls and boys with proper BMI values and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity in a twenty-year time span.Material/Methods: In 1985 and 1986,20,353 boys and girls were examined, and 20 years later, 10,705 students. Measurements of body height and body mass were taken, which enabled calculating values of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s test for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number of girls and boys classified to each group in respect of the whole group surveyed in 1986 and 2006 was determined with the χ² test.Results: The greatest generation changes in the mass-to-height proportions were noted in the youngest children from the Podlaskie Province. It was higher by 1.66% in pupils with 2Conclusions: The results may suggest that a greater percentage of the young generation will be characterized by improper mass-to-height proportions

scholarly journals PHYSICAL FITNESS OF BOYS PERTAINING TO UNDERWEIGHT, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wasiluk ◽  
Jerzy Saczuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Together with the changing socio-economic status of the Polish society, differences in the nutritional status of children and youth and their lower physical fitness levels are becoming more noticeable. The aim of this research was to define changes that occurred over a 10-year period regarding physical fitness of boys with proper weight-height proportions and of their underweight, overweight and obese counterparts. In 2004/05, somatic features and physical fitness were examined in 16116 and 9507 boys, respectively, aged 10-18. Ten years later somatic features and physical fitness assesmensts were repeated in 6972 and 6834 boys aged 10 to 18. The participants performed Eurofit tests and their body height and body mass were measured in order to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI). The ten-year differences in physical fitness were expressed on a T point scale, while their extent was estimated with the Student’s t-test for independent data. The frequency of occurrence of underweight and overweight was expressed in percentage values and verified with the use of the χ² test.  In the analysed decade, an increase in the frequency of occurrence of both overweight and serious underweight was noted. It resulted in a lower level of physical fitness in children and youth belonging to the aforementioned groups. The most serious negative changes were noted in boys aged 13-15. It can be concluded that unless remedial programmes are implemented, the young generation will experience biological deterioration in the decades to come, which may result in an epidemic of lifestyle diseases in younger and younger individuals.  

scholarly journals Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Obesity Status in Police Trainees

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Miloš Stojković ◽  
Katie M. Heinrich ◽  
Aleksandar Čvorović ◽  
Velimir Jeknić ◽  
Gianpiero Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Study Results

The first aim of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI) (indirect method) classification with the body fat percent (PBF) (direct method) and to determine how BMI classifies subjects with different levels of skeletal muscle mass percent (PSMM). The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity status among police trainees (PTs). A total of 103 male PTs participated in this research: age = 21.46 ± 0.64 years, body mass (BM) = 75.97 ± 8.10 kg, body height (BH) = 174.07 ± 6.31 cm, BMI = 25.05 ± 2.12 kg/m2. The InBody 370 multichannel bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measured body composition. Study results indicated that muscular PTs could be misclassified as overweight and that PBF identified more subjects as obese. Namely, three PTs were obese according to BMI, while 13 were obese according to PBF. The information provided by this research could be used to help professionals understand the importance of measuring body composition, and the inaccuracies in BMI classification. In conclusion, whenever possible PSMM and PBF should replace the utilization of BMI to screen overweight and obesity in PTs. Agencies may think of using BIA as non-invasive, quick and inexpensive measurement tool.

scholarly journals Body height and waist circumference of young Swiss men as assessed by 3D laser-based photonic scans and by manual anthropometric measurements

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Beckmann ◽  
Lafi Aldakak ◽  
Patrick Eppenberger ◽  
Frank Rühli ◽  
Kaspar Staub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Scan

Overweight and obesity are considered among the major health concerns worldwide. The body mass index is a frequently used measure for overweight and obesity and is associated with common non-communicable diseases such as diabetes type II, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. However, the body mass index does not account for the distribution of body fat and relative fat to muscle mass. 3D laser-based photonic full body scans provide detailed information on various body circumferences, surfaces, and volumes as well as body height and weight (using an integrated scale). In the literature, body scans showed good feasibility, reliability, and validity, while also demonstrating a good correlation with health parameters linked to the metabolic syndrome. However, systematic differences between body scan derived measurements and manual measurements remain an issue. This study aimed to assess these systematic differences for body height, waist circumference, and body mass index using cross-sectional data from a homogenous sample of 52 young Swiss male volunteers. In addition to 3D laser-based photonic full body scans and correlative manual measurements, body fat distribution was assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Overall, an excellent correlation was found between measurements of waist circumference and body mass index, and good correlation between body mass index and total fat mass, as well as between waist circumference and visceral fat mass as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Volunteers were shorter in height measured by body scan when compared to manual measurements. This systematic difference became smaller when volunteers stood in the scanner in a completely upright position with their feet together. Waist circumference was slightly smaller for manual measurements than for body scan derived values. This systematic difference was larger in overweight volunteers compared to leaner volunteers.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR ABILITIES OF YOUNG ATHLETES AND GYMNASTS IN THE INITIAL PREPARATION PHASE

2020 ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Dobrijević ◽  
Marko Ćosić ◽  
Sonja Kocić Pajić ◽  
Stevan Grujić ◽  
Lidija Moskovljević
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Initial Preparation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of sports gymnastics and athletics training on the development of athletes’ motor abilities in the initial preparation phase. The study was conducted on a sample of 81 girls and boys of about 9 years of age, who train athletics (N=34) and gymnastics (N=47). A total of 9 variables were observed, three to assess anthropometric characteristics (body height, body mass and the body mass index) and 6 to assess the participants’ motor abilities (explosive leg power, repetitive power, agility, power endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance). The one-sample t-test was used to compare the results with mean values of the general population of the same age, whereas a univariate ANOVA was used to compare the results between the athletes and the gymnasts of different genders. The results show that the level of motor development in girls is significantly higher than in the general population, while in boys, significant progress was not registered in power endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance, regardless of the sport they are engaged in. Regardless of gender, gymnasts have better flexibility compared to athletes, while athletes have significantly higher explosive power and agility.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness of Girls Practising Acrobatic and Trampoline Gymnastics Compared to that of Girls Practising other Sports in the Subcarpathian Province Team

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Antoni Seredyński ◽  
Ewa Polak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Trunk Flexibility

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the level of overall physical fitness of girls from the Subcarpathian Province Team (SPT) who practise acrobatic and trampoline gymnastics and compare it to that of other members of the SPT. A comparative analysis of the subjects’ physique was also performed. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 175 female subjects who were members of the SPT in the youth and juniors categories. They were divided into three groups: 19 trampoline gymnasts, 35 acrobatic gymnasts, and 121 athletes practising other disciplines (named the SPT group). Overall physical fitness was determined using the International Physical Fitness Test (IPFT). The Body Mass Index, Rohrer’s index, and Ponderal index were calculated on the basis of anthropometric measurements. The obtained data were analysed statistically. In order to determine the statistical significance of differences in the results for each group, ANOVA variation analysis and Tukey’s HSD test were carried out. Results and conclusions. The athletes practising acrobatic and trampoline gymnastics had lower body height, lower body mass, and a slimmer physique than the girls from the SPT who performed other sports. However, it is not possible to clearly determine whether these differences were the result of practising a particular sports discipline. Compared to the SPT athletes practising other sports, the acrobats presented a higher level of overall fitness (apart from grip strength). This was evidenced by the higher scores they achieved for the IPFT (total number of points), trunk flexibility, shoulder muscle strength, and abdominal muscle strength. The fitness level of the trampoline gymnasts was similar to that of the SPT athletes who practised other sports (with better scores for trunk flexibility and lower ones for grip strength). The fitness profiles of the acrobatic and trampoline gymnasts were similar, and the group of acrobats achieved significantly higher scores only in trunk flexibility.

scholarly journals Time trends in body mass index and obesity prevalence among youth students during 2000 to 2018 in Moscow, Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Sofya N. Zimina ◽  
Marina A. Negasheva ◽  
Irina M. Sineva
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. The aim of the study. The investigation of the time-related dynamics of adiposity parameters in a socially and economically homogenous group of young people. To determine the pattern of change in their health parameters and assess the prevalence of different diseases associated with increased body weight. Materials and methods. This study used the research titled "Massive anthropometric monitoring of physical development parameters of children, teenagers, and students" conducted from 2000 to 2018. The body mass index (BMI) of more than 6,400 students aged 17-18 years (2,971 young males and 3,418 young females) was examined. Then, we calculated the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among them. To determine the degrees of obesity, we compared the BMI values in our study with the World Health Organization's BMI ranges for corresponding age. Results. Over the study period, the mean BMI values and 5th and 15th BMI percentiles were characterized by weak positive time-related trends. Furthermore, 85th and 95th percentiles demonstrated a higher rate of increased data values (female students). From 2000 to 2018, the prevalence of overweight among female students increased from 5.2% to 10.5%, and that of obesity rose from 1.7% to 4.6%. For male students, no significant increase occurred in the overweight prevalence. Conclusions. To prevent chronic diseases associated with increased fat mass, attention should be paid to the mean values of different overweight parameters and the prevalence of extreme meanings in extensive population observations. Increased BMI among young females aged 17-18 years implies their possible elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases and other associated disorders later in life, related to nutrition disorders and lifestyle.

Physical fitness of people with moderate and considerable intellectual disabilities

Physiotherapy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Ślężyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Mięsok ◽  
Kamila Mięsok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Abdominal Muscle Strength

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the physical activity of the intellectually disabled is the strengthening of health, creating movement habits, promoting active recreation, and maintaining exercise capacity. Skillfully applied physical activity allows to mitigate the effects of pathology and create the compensations to enable the intellectually disabled people to live relatively independently. Physical activity and sport also increase their chances to integrate with their families, peers, and social environment.Materials and methods: The research targeted a group of 134 people with moderate or considerable intellectual disability (65 women and 69 men), aged 20-53 years, who participated in occupational therapy workshops in Jastrzębie Zdrój, Rybnik, and Żory. Physical fitness was assessed using the “Eurofit Special” test and balance tests. Measurements of body height and mass were also taken and then used to calculate the body mass index (BMI).Results: A salient somatic trait was the greater body mass relative to height among the persons with considerable disability, clearly illustrated by the BMI. This explained their greater heaviness in performing physical exercises. An even greater difference between participants with moderate and considerable intellectual disability was visible in physical fitness. Obviously, older persons did not achieve as good results in fitness tests as the younger ones, yet the participants were more differentiated by the level of disability than age. Most symptomatic differences to the disadvantage of the considerably disabled were observed in explosive strength, speed, abdominal muscle strength, and flexibility.Conclusions: Significant differences in fitness between the compared groups make it necessary to take into account the level of intellectual disability in the course of physical education and sport, at work, and in household duties.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098051
Author(s):  
Matula Tareerath ◽  
Peerachatra Mangmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size ◽  
Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Aspects of the Foot Arch, Body Balance and Body Weight Composition of Boys Training Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 5017
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Bukowska ◽  
Małgorzata Jekiełek ◽  
Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Balance

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8–10 years, 11–13 years old, and 14–16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.

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