scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR ABILITIES OF YOUNG ATHLETES AND GYMNASTS IN THE INITIAL PREPARATION PHASE

2020 ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Dobrijević ◽  
Marko Ćosić ◽  
Sonja Kocić Pajić ◽  
Stevan Grujić ◽  
Lidija Moskovljević
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Initial Preparation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of sports gymnastics and athletics training on the development of athletes’ motor abilities in the initial preparation phase. The study was conducted on a sample of 81 girls and boys of about 9 years of age, who train athletics (N=34) and gymnastics (N=47). A total of 9 variables were observed, three to assess anthropometric characteristics (body height, body mass and the body mass index) and 6 to assess the participants’ motor abilities (explosive leg power, repetitive power, agility, power endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance). The one-sample t-test was used to compare the results with mean values of the general population of the same age, whereas a univariate ANOVA was used to compare the results between the athletes and the gymnasts of different genders. The results show that the level of motor development in girls is significantly higher than in the general population, while in boys, significant progress was not registered in power endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance, regardless of the sport they are engaged in. Regardless of gender, gymnasts have better flexibility compared to athletes, while athletes have significantly higher explosive power and agility.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of the Anthropometric Characteristics and Motor Abilities of Polish Male University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in 2000–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Robert Podstawski ◽  
Piotr Markowski ◽  
Dariusz Choszcz ◽  
Michał Boraczyński ◽  
Piotr Gronek
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Male University Students

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between socioeconomic factors, anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of male university students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from 2000 to 2018 on 2691 male university students aged 19.98 ± 1.05 years, who were randomly selected from students attending obligatory physical education (PE) classes. The participants’ body mass and height were measured, and students participated in 13 motor ability tests that assessed their speed/agility, flexibility, strength and endurance abilities. Multiple independent samples were compared with the Kruskal–Wallis test or the mean-ranks post-hoc test when significant differences were observed in the participants’ motor abilities. Results: Factors such as the place of permanent residence, students’ monthly budget, and mother’s and father’s educational background, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the body mass, BMI and motor abilities of first-year university students. The participants’ motor abilities (speed/agility, flexibility—partly, strength, strength endurance, and endurance) were most frequently and most significantly determined by their monthly budgets, and were least frequently and least significantly determined by their place of permanent residence. Conclusions: The students’ body height, BMI and motor abilities generally increased with a rise in population in the place of permanent residence, monthly budget, and the parents’ educational attainment.

scholarly journals Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province (Poland) in the years 1986 and 2006

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Saczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Wasiluk
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Greatest Generation

AbstractBackground: The objective of this study was to determine changes in the group size of girls and boys with proper BMI values and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity in a twenty-year time span.Material/Methods: In 1985 and 1986,20,353 boys and girls were examined, and 20 years later, 10,705 students. Measurements of body height and body mass were taken, which enabled calculating values of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s test for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number of girls and boys classified to each group in respect of the whole group surveyed in 1986 and 2006 was determined with the χ² test.Results: The greatest generation changes in the mass-to-height proportions were noted in the youngest children from the Podlaskie Province. It was higher by 1.66% in pupils with 2Conclusions: The results may suggest that a greater percentage of the young generation will be characterized by improper mass-to-height proportions

Physical fitness of people with moderate and considerable intellectual disabilities

Physiotherapy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Ślężyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Mięsok ◽  
Kamila Mięsok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Abdominal Muscle Strength

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the physical activity of the intellectually disabled is the strengthening of health, creating movement habits, promoting active recreation, and maintaining exercise capacity. Skillfully applied physical activity allows to mitigate the effects of pathology and create the compensations to enable the intellectually disabled people to live relatively independently. Physical activity and sport also increase their chances to integrate with their families, peers, and social environment.Materials and methods: The research targeted a group of 134 people with moderate or considerable intellectual disability (65 women and 69 men), aged 20-53 years, who participated in occupational therapy workshops in Jastrzębie Zdrój, Rybnik, and Żory. Physical fitness was assessed using the “Eurofit Special” test and balance tests. Measurements of body height and mass were also taken and then used to calculate the body mass index (BMI).Results: A salient somatic trait was the greater body mass relative to height among the persons with considerable disability, clearly illustrated by the BMI. This explained their greater heaviness in performing physical exercises. An even greater difference between participants with moderate and considerable intellectual disability was visible in physical fitness. Obviously, older persons did not achieve as good results in fitness tests as the younger ones, yet the participants were more differentiated by the level of disability than age. Most symptomatic differences to the disadvantage of the considerably disabled were observed in explosive strength, speed, abdominal muscle strength, and flexibility.Conclusions: Significant differences in fitness between the compared groups make it necessary to take into account the level of intellectual disability in the course of physical education and sport, at work, and in household duties.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Aspects of the Foot Arch, Body Balance and Body Weight Composition of Boys Training Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 5017
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Bukowska ◽  
Małgorzata Jekiełek ◽  
Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Balance

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8–10 years, 11–13 years old, and 14–16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.

scholarly journals Applications of BMI or BSI: Differences and Revisions According to Age and Height

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Otto W. B. Schult ◽  
Ludwig E. Feinendegen ◽  
Stephan Zaum ◽  
Walton W. Shreeve ◽  
Richard N. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Validation of body-mass relationships requires a careful statistical analysis of data of normal weight individuals. BMI (ratio between body mass and square of body height) and BSI values (ratio between mass and cube of body height) have been calculated for 99 persons with ages between 1 day and 76 years. These BMI or BSI values have been used for least squares fits yielding mean BMI or BSI values, their variances (providing precision), and average deviations of individual BMI/BSI values from the BMI/BSI means. The latter allows limits to over- and underweight. For adults we found mean values of BSI of 12.36 and confirmed 21.7 for the mean BMI; but the BSI was 1.4 times more precise than the BMI. For children shorter than 1.3 m and younger than 8 years we found the BMI average of 15.9 and over-/underweight limits of 17.4/14.4 being significantly smaller than and incompatible with the recommended BMI values.

scholarly journals Oxygen desaturation in healthy subjects undergoing the incremental shuttle walk test

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Machado Seixas ◽  
Daniela Miti Tsukumo Seixas ◽  
Monica Corso Pereira ◽  
Marcos Mello Moreira ◽  
Ilma Aparecida Paschoal
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Desaturation ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intense Physical Activity

OBJECTIVE: To determine the probability of oxygen desaturation in healthy individuals undergoing the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). METHODS: We enrolled 83 healthy subjects: 55 males (including 1 smoker) and 28 females. We determined pre-ISWT FEV1, FEV6, HR and SpO2, as well as post-ISWT HR and SpO2. RESULTS: Mean values overall were as follows: age, 35.05 ± 12.53 years; body mass index, 24.30 ± 3.47 kg/m2; resting HR, 75.12 ± 12.48 bpm; resting SpO2, 97.96 ± 1.02%; FEV1, 3.75 ± 0.81 L; FEV6, 4.45 ± 0.87 L; FEV1/FEV6 ratio, 0.83 ± 0.08 (no restriction or obstruction); incremental shuttle walk distance, 958.30 ± 146.32 m; post-ISWT HR, 162.41 ± 18.24 bpm; and post-ISWT SpO2, 96.27 ± 2.21%. In 11 subjects, post-ISWT SpO2 was higher than was pre-ISWT SpO2. In 17 subjects, there was a 4% decrease in SpO2 after the ISWT. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with and without post-ISWT oxygen desaturation in terms of age, gender, FEV1, FEV6, FEV1/FEV6, pre-ISWT SpO2, incremental shuttle walk distance, HR, or percentage of maximal HR. In the individuals with post-ISWT oxygen desaturation, the body mass index was higher (p = 0.01) and post-ISWT SpO2 was lower (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy individuals can present oxygen desaturation after the ISWT. Using the ISWT to predict subtle respiratory abnormalities can be misleading. In healthy subjects, oxygen desaturation is common after the ISWT, as it is during any intense physical activity.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic Allometry of Body Height and Body Mass of Girl in Baduy, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Eneng Nunuz Rohmatullayaly ◽  
Alex Hartana ◽  
Yuzuru Hamada ◽  
Bambang Suryobroto
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Trajectory ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Ontogenetic Allometry

Several small-scale populations exhibited phenotypic plasticity whereby growth spurt of body height occurred much earlier than age at menarche and this was not followed by same early spurt of body weight. This leads to question whether growth trajectory of stature follow the same growth trajectory of body mass and whether the trajectory itself is associated to sexual maturity. We evaluated developmental plasticity observed in Baduy girl, a traditional population in Indonesia, in facing strenuous environmental and biocultural conditions. We measured stature and body mass cross-sectionally. We determined age at menarche as population average of age of girls that had already got their first menstruation. Growths of body fat and weight followed a same mode and timing and their spurts pivoted on the age at menarche. In contrast, growth spurt of body height occurred four years earlier than menarche and velocity curve of body linearity progressed in opposite direction to that of body ponderality. The prevailing poor nutrition and high physical activity elicited principle of ontogenetic allometry to synchronize the acceleration and deceleration of growths in body linearity and ponderality whereby growth in body height functions to reach the body size target and to provide skeletal framework for development of body mass. The biocultural conditions lead to slow bodily growth rate with low spurt resulting in the characteristics of Baduy girl that was small in size and late in both sexual maturity and full-grown ages.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Body Mass Index with Body Fat Percentage of Participants EXPO 2021 Universitas Teuku Umar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Suci Eka Putri ◽  
Adelina Irmayani Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Relationship

Body mass index (BMI) is to monitor nutritional status adults, especially those related to deficiency and overweight. Body fat percentage can describe the risk of degenerative diseases.This study was conducted to measure the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage. Methods An analytical study was conducted to 41 male and 51 female participant from Universitas Teuku Umar. The body weight was measured using scales, whereas the body height was measured using microtoise. The body fat percentage was measured using Karada Scan. The BMI was calculated by dividing the body weight in kilogram divided by body height in meter square. Data was collected from 16-18th February 2021 and analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test. The results showed BMI underweight, normal, and overweight were 10,9, 57,6, and 31,5. High body fat percentage in men were 75,6% and in women were 35,5%. There is a relationship between the nutritional status of the women group and the body fat percentage with p-value is obtained = 0.021. Furthermore, for men, there is no relationship between nutritional status in the men group and the body fat percentage. There is a relationship between nutritional status and body fat percentage in women. Among this population, BMI can still be used to determine body fat percentage

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