scholarly journals A Model - Based Approach for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks Based on Optimisation and GIS Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ayad ◽  
A. Khalifa ◽  
M. Fawy
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Constraint Handling ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Point Representation

Abstract This paper describes the development of an integrated approach for water pipe network calibration and quantifying leaks. The approach merges both field measurements and linear programming to pinpoint pipe leaks (physical losses); then applies Genetic Algorithms (GA) to identify faulty meters and meter thefts (apparent losses). Besides; throughout the process, GIS is used for input data integration and output representation. The developed model is based on GA but is different in its representation, introducing a new adaptive constraint handling function and a new mutation function. Also, the use of floating-point representation enables the calibration of a large number of unknown parameters without compromising the accuracy and precision of the solutions. While the newly introduced constraint handling function robust the solution towards a near level of agreement between real and calculated values. A pilot site is used to test the model and approach, comparing before and after field results to ensure accuracy. The model integrates EPAnet for the required hydraulic modeling during the simulation. The results prove the approach’s accuracy and efficiency.

scholarly journals A New Set of Local Indices Applied to a Water Network through Demand and Pressure Driven Analysis (DDA and PDA)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Amos Bonora ◽  
Fabio Caldarola ◽  
Mario Maiolo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Model Assumption ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Driven Analysis ◽  
Pressure Driven

In the analysis of drinking Water Distribution Networks (WDNs), performance indices are widely used tools for obtaining synthetic information about the WDN operating regime (pressures and flows). This paper presents applications of a series of local surplus indices that act in a new mathematical framework. This framework allows reworking many well-known performance and energetic indices and simultaneously allowing analysis of specific aspects of the WDN. The analyses are carried out using different resolutive hydraulic approaches: the Demand-Driven Analysis (DDA) and the Pressure-Driven Analysis (PDA), typical of software such as EPANET and WaterNetGen. The authors analyse the hypotheses necessary for the application of these models, and how these influence the results of both the hydraulic modeling and the resilience indices assessment. In particular, two resilience indices are reformulated through the new local surplus indices and all of them are then simulated in different conditions for a water network known in literature as the Kang and Lansey WDN. The solving model assumption effects are deepen, reporting graphical and numerical results for different consumption scenarios and the different hydraulic approaches used.

scholarly journals Modeling particle transport and discoloration risk in drinking water distribution networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost van Summeren ◽  
Mirjam Blokker
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Particle Transport ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Turbulent Pipe Flow ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Abstract. Discoloration of drinking water is a worldwide phenomenon caused by accumulation and subsequent remobilization of particulate matter in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). It contributes a substantial fraction of customer complaints to water utilities. Accurate discoloration risk predictions could improve system operation by allowing for more effective programs on cleaning and prevention actions and field measurements, but are challenged by incomplete understanding on the origins and properties of particles and a complex and not fully understood interplay of processes in distribution networks. In this paper, we assess and describe relevant hydraulic processes that govern particle transport in turbulent pipe flow, including gravitational settling, bed-load transport, and particle entrainment into suspension. We assess which transport mechanisms are dominant for a range of bulk flow velocities, particle diameters, and particle mass densities, which includes common conditions for DWDSs in the Netherlands, the UK, and Australia. Our analysis shows that the theoretically predicted particle settling velocity and threshold shear stresses for incipient particle motion are in the same range as, but more variable than, previous estimates from lab experiments, field measurements, and modeling. The presented material will be used in the future development of a numerical modeling tool to determine and predict the spatial distribution of particulate material and discoloration risk in DWDSs. Our approach is aimed at understanding specific causalities and processes, which can complement data-driven approaches.

Integrated approach to reducing drinking water losses in the distribution networks in the city of Sebastopol

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
А.В. Степакин ◽  
А.Н. Перегуда ◽  
С.Г. Зайцева ◽  
Д.А. Горбачев ◽  
М.Н. Сопыряев
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The City

Природный дефицит водных ресурсов в сочетании с высокой степенью износа систем водоснабжения обусловливает напряженную ситуацию с обеспечением питьевой водой в Крыму. За последние несколько лет для решения проблемы на региональном и федеральном уровне были разработаны и реализуются программы модернизации водного хозяйства полуострова. Одной из ключевых задач этих программ является снижение потерь воды, которые в настоящее время достигают 40–60%. Описан комплекс мероприятий, направленных на снижение потерь воды в г. Севастополе. Комплекс мер, разработанный в соответствии с международным опытом и российскими рекомендациями, учитывает существующее состояние системы водоснабжения Крыма. Мероприятия включают в себя создание современного комплекса управления сетями, зонирование водопроводной сети, регулирование давления, мониторинг и устранение утечек. По результатам анализа производственных показателей определено, что первоочередным мероприятием для Севастополя является внедрение современной системы акустического мониторинга на распределительных сетях, которая позволит эффективно обнаруживать скрытые утечки и сэкономить городу тысячи кубометров дефицитной питьевой воды. Описаны результаты пилотного проекта по обследованию 5 км водопроводных сетей системой акустического мониторинга. The natural scarcity of water resources coupled with a high degree of deterioration of water supply systems result in a tense situation with the drinking water supply in Crimea. Over the past few years, a number of programs of upgrading the peninsula's water industry have been developed and are being implemented in order to solve the problem at the regional and federal levels. One of the key objectives of these programs is to reduce water losses that currently reach 40–60%. A set of measures aimed at reducing water losses in Sebastopol is described. The set of measures developed in accordance with the international experience and Russian recommendations takes into account the current condition of the Crimean water supply system. The activities include designing an advanced network management complex, zoning of the water supply network, pressure regulation, monitoring and elimination of leaks. Based on the results of the analysis of the performance indicators, it was determined that the priority measure for Sebastopol was the introduction of an advanced acoustic monitoring system in the water distribution networks that would provide for detecting effectively latent leaks and saving the city thousands of cubic meters of scarce drinking water. The results of a pilot project on the inspection of 5 km of the water supply networks using the acoustic monitoring system are described.

scholarly journals Review of Water Network Analysis and Validation of SCALER Hydraulic Simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Henrique Da Silva Pizzo ◽  
João Paulo De Carvalho Ignácio ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Real System ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Hydraulic Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Simulator ◽  
Validation Stage ◽  
Number Of Branches

The article intends to present the validation stage of a software to model and simulate hydraulic networks for water distribution, the SCALER, through its application to a real system, with many branches, with a model previously developed and verified using the EPANET software. SCALER was developed in 2020 and 2021 and, until then, had only been applied to networks with a relatively small number of branches. After discussing topics related to hydraulic modeling of distribution networks, techniques and applications, a brief review of the fundamentals of SCALER is carried out, passing on to its application to the case at hand, which is the Vila Joaniza community, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Data from image, scheme and table are used to assist in the description of the local situation and respective distribution network, with the objective of assessing whether the nodal pressures obtained by SCALER are sufficiently similar to those obtained by EPANET, in order to ensure the proper functioning of the software. After this step, and the calculations have been made by the program, an operation screen, the generated graph of the local situation and a table with the comparison of absolute and percentage deviations between the nodal pressures resulting from the SCALER and those obtained with the EPANET are inserted, confirming that the deviation values are quite small, which validates SCALER as a software also applicable to networks with many branches.

scholarly journals Prelocalization and leak detection in drinking water distribution networks using modeling-based algorithms: a case study for the city of Casablanca (Morocco)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Faycal Taghlabi ◽  
Laila Sour ◽  
Ali Agoumi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Abstract. The role of a drinking water distribution network (DWDN) is to supply high-quality water at the necessary pressure at various times of the day for several consumption scenarios. Locating and identifying water leakage areas has become a major concern for managers of the water supply, to optimize and improve constancy of supply. In this paper, we present the results of field research conducted to detect and to locate leaks in the DWDN focusing on the resolution of the Fixed And Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) equation by use of the prediction algorithms in conjunction with hydraulic modeling and the Geographical Information System (GIS). The leak localization method is applied in the oldest part of Casablanca. We have used, in this research, two methodologies in different leak episodes: (i) the first episode is based on a simulation of artificial leaks on the MATLAB platform using the EPANET code to establish a database of pressures that describes the network's behavior in the presence of leaks. The data thus established have been fed into a machine learning algorithm called random forest, which will forecast the leakage rate and its location in the network; (ii) the second was field-testing a real simulation of artificial leaks by opening and closing of hydrants, on different locations with a leak size of 6 and 17 L s−1. The two methods converged to comparable results. The leak position is spotted within a 100 m radius of the actual leaks.

scholarly journals Pre-Localization Approach of Leaks on a Water Distribution Network by Optimization of the Hydraulic Model Using an Evolutionary Algorithm

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Sebbagh ◽  
Abdelhamid Safri ◽  
Moula Zabot
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Localization Approach

The sustainable management of water distribution networks is a crucial challenge especially in emerging countries. The distribution networks have very low efficiency with very high levels of leaks. Locating and prioritizing of water leakage areas becomes a main concern for public services, to optimize the use of resources and improve constancy of supply. A decision support approach was proposed to locate areas with higher leakage rate. It is based on the resolution of the FAVAD equation (Fixed And Variable Area Discharge). The determination of FAVAD parameters enables to simulate the quantities and the location of the leaks, through the use of genetic algorithms coupled with hydraulic modeling and the geographical information system (GIS).

scholarly journals Integrated pressure control strategies for sustainable management of water distribution networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 06005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Daniele Laucelli ◽  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Gianluca C. Perrone ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Optimal Setting

Pressure control in urban Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) allows to reduce water losses, delays asset deterioration and makes effective replacement works. This contribution presents an integrated approach to control pressure for leakage reduction that combines a recent strategy for optimal design of district metered areas (DMAs) with optimal setting of pressure reduction valves. DMA design strategy encompasses the possibility of reconfiguring water flows by closing some gate valves at district boundaries, while the optimal setting of PRVs driven by local or remote real time controls improves leakage reduction and reliability of final solution. The integrated approach is implemented into the WDNetXL platform for advanced WDN analysis, planning and management and is demonstrated on a real urban WDN in Southern Italy. As such, this work proposes an innovative methodology while demonstrating its transfer to water utilities and practitioners to support decisions in real-world complex scenarios.

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