scholarly journals Monitoring the Bacterial and Fungal Biota of Eleven Tobacco Grades Stored at Three Different Locations

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
R Villemur ◽  
M Lacasse ◽  
A Morin
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractTobacco as many other plants has its own microbiota. There are very few studies determining the evolution of this microbiota during tobacco storage, which may affect the quality of tobacco. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to determine changes in the microbiota of tobacco during the aging of eleven different tobacco grades stored at three different locations for twelve months. The microbial fraction of these tobacco grades was extracted, and the bacterial 16S and the fungal 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequences were PCR amplified before being segregated by DGGE. The bacterial complexity of the tobacco grades was represented by DGGE migrating banding profiles that varied between 20 and 30 bands. Some variations in the banding profiles were observed between the tobacco grades, but overall no substantial changes occurred in the bacterial population of the different grades during their storage at different locations. Most of the fungal DGGE profiles were identical and had only one dominating band related to the genus Aspergillus. Bacterial and fungal isolates were also derived from the microbial fractions of the tobacco, and part of their respective 16S and 18S rDNA sequences were determined. Bacterial isolates belonged to Bacillales and gamma Protobacteria. Fungal isolates belonged to the genus Aspergillus. Our results showed that the bacterial and fungal biota of tobacco are relatively stable throughout 12 months storage time.

Microanatomy and bacterial flora of the perineal glands of the North American porcupine

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Roze ◽  
K. T. Leung ◽  
E. Nix ◽  
G. Burton ◽  
D. M. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Active State ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Erethizon Dorsatum ◽  
The North ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The perineal glands of the porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum (L., 1758), are sexually dimorphic, paired pockets sprouting osmetrichial hairs. They lie between the anus and urethra, lateral to the midline, amid a sebaceous glandular expanse. In their active state, the glandular pockets secrete an amber substance with a terpenoid odor. When inactive, the glands produce no stain or odor. In males, activation of the glands is associated with fully descended testes. The glandular pockets yield a microbiota (“microflora”) in both their active and inactive states. We hypothesize that the active-state microflora transforms a sebaceous secretion into a pheromonally active product that is disseminated by anal dragging. The glandular microflora was characterized by gas chromatography of bacterial fatty acid methyl esters (GC-FAME) and polymerase chain reaction – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragments of bacteria. PCR-DGGE results showed the resulting bacteria profiles were the same in both sexes, but differed between the active and inactive states. Active-state microfloras were dominated by members of the Actinobacteria and showed greater coefficients of similarity than inactive-state microfloras. The microflora of individual animals changed with time and with secretory state. We argue for a reproductive role for the activated perineal glands.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Effects of Dietary Essential Oils and Different Husbandry Conditions on the Gut Ecology in Piglets after Weaning

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Janczyk ◽  
R. Pieper ◽  
V. Urubschurov ◽  
K. R. Wendler ◽  
W. B. Souffrant
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Essential oils (EO) are being considered as possible alternatives to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters in pig nutrition. The effects of an EO mixture consisting of limonene, eugenol and pinene (10.0, 2.0, and 4.8 mg/kg diet, resp.) on gut physiology and ecology were studied in piglets. The experiment was conducted at low (commercial farm) and high hygienic conditions (experimental farm), to elucidate interactions between EO supplementation and husbandry methods. Piglets were weaned at 28 days of age, when they were offered either a control diet (C) or C with EO. Four piglets were sacrificed in each group on day 29, 30, 33 and 39. Digesta from the third distal part of the small intestine and from the colon were sampled and analysed for pH, dry matter, lactic acid, short chain fatty acids and ammonia concentrations. Enterobacteria, enterococci, lactobacilli and yeast counts were obtained by plating. Genomic DNA was extracted from digesta and polymerase chain reaction—denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed. Individual microbial communities were identified at each farm. Age affected the intestinal parameters. No effects of the EO with exception for a significant reduction in colon bacterial diversity at 39 days of age could be recorded at experimental farm.

The assessment of the coke wastewater treatment efficacy in rotating biological contractor

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cema ◽  
S. Żabczyński ◽  
A. Ziembińska-Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Coke Wastewater ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anammox Process

Coke wastewater is known to be relatively difficult for biological treatment. Nonetheless, biofilm-based systems seem to be promising tool for such treatment. That is why a rotating biological contactor (RBC) system focused on the Anammox process was used in this study. The experiment was divided into two parts with synthetic and then real wastewater. It was proven that it is possible to treat coke wastewater with RBC but such a procedure requires a very long start-up period for the nitritation (190 days), as well as for the Anammox process, where stable nitrogen removal over 70% was achieved after 400 days of experiment. Interestingly, it was possible at a relatively low (20.2 ± 2.2 °C) temperature. The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) based monitoring of the bacterial community showed that its biodiversity decreased when the real wastewater was treated and it was composed mainly of GC-rich genotypes, probably because of the modeling influence of this wastewater and the genotypes specialization.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Abundance of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria along an Arsenic Pollution Gradient in Waters of the Upper Isle River Basin, France

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
pp. 4566-4570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Quéméneur ◽  
Aurélie Cébron ◽  
Patrick Billard ◽  
Fabienne Battaglia-Brunet ◽  
Francis Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Arsenic Pollution ◽  
Pollution Gradient ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Arsenite Oxidizing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were successfully developed to monitor functional aoxB genes as markers of aerobic arsenite oxidizers. DGGE profiles showed a shift in the structure of the aoxB-carrying bacterial population, composed of members of the Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, depending on arsenic (As) and Eh levels in Upper Isle River Basin waters. The highest aoxB gene densities were found in the most As-polluted oxic surface waters but without any significant correlation with environmental factors. Arsenite oxidizers seem to play a key role in As mobility in As-impacted waters.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon species in dogs from urban area of Midwestern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽  
André Luís Santos de Freitas ◽  
Jamila Guimarães Santos ◽  
Thábata dos Anjos Pacheco ◽  
Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Molecular Survey ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hepatozoon Species

In Brazil, the most important tickborne pathogens affecting dogs include Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp., transmitted by ixodid ticks, have been reported to naturally infect dogs and are widespread. The authors aimed to investigate the incidence of B. vogeli and Hepatozoon spp. infection using molecular methods to identify factors associated with the infection in dogs from urban areas of Cuiabá municipality, Midwestern Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed a prevalence of 9.36% (Confidence Interval-CI 95%; 2.72%; 6.79%) and 9.61% (CI 95%; 7.0%; 13.0%) among dogs for B. vogeli and Hepatozoon, respectively. DNA sequences obtained from 10 Hepatozoon PCR positive samples were sequenced and were identical to one another and, moreover, were 100% (541/541 base of pairs-bp) homologous to the corresponding 18S rDNA sequences of H. canis. Twenty-five dogs (6.02%) generated amplicons using PCR protocols for both organisms, indicating co-infection by these two protozoans. To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first molecular survey to consider the entire population of dogs from the study area. Moreover, young dogs (0-12 months of age), as well as animals living in walled houses?without access to the street?were more susceptible to infection with B. vogeli and H. canis, respectively.

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