scholarly journals Investigations on the Effects of Dietary Essential Oils and Different Husbandry Conditions on the Gut Ecology in Piglets after Weaning

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Janczyk ◽  
R. Pieper ◽  
V. Urubschurov ◽  
K. R. Wendler ◽  
W. B. Souffrant
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Essential oils (EO) are being considered as possible alternatives to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters in pig nutrition. The effects of an EO mixture consisting of limonene, eugenol and pinene (10.0, 2.0, and 4.8 mg/kg diet, resp.) on gut physiology and ecology were studied in piglets. The experiment was conducted at low (commercial farm) and high hygienic conditions (experimental farm), to elucidate interactions between EO supplementation and husbandry methods. Piglets were weaned at 28 days of age, when they were offered either a control diet (C) or C with EO. Four piglets were sacrificed in each group on day 29, 30, 33 and 39. Digesta from the third distal part of the small intestine and from the colon were sampled and analysed for pH, dry matter, lactic acid, short chain fatty acids and ammonia concentrations. Enterobacteria, enterococci, lactobacilli and yeast counts were obtained by plating. Genomic DNA was extracted from digesta and polymerase chain reaction—denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed. Individual microbial communities were identified at each farm. Age affected the intestinal parameters. No effects of the EO with exception for a significant reduction in colon bacterial diversity at 39 days of age could be recorded at experimental farm.

The assessment of the coke wastewater treatment efficacy in rotating biological contractor

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cema ◽  
S. Żabczyński ◽  
A. Ziembińska-Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Coke Wastewater ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anammox Process

Coke wastewater is known to be relatively difficult for biological treatment. Nonetheless, biofilm-based systems seem to be promising tool for such treatment. That is why a rotating biological contactor (RBC) system focused on the Anammox process was used in this study. The experiment was divided into two parts with synthetic and then real wastewater. It was proven that it is possible to treat coke wastewater with RBC but such a procedure requires a very long start-up period for the nitritation (190 days), as well as for the Anammox process, where stable nitrogen removal over 70% was achieved after 400 days of experiment. Interestingly, it was possible at a relatively low (20.2 ± 2.2 °C) temperature. The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) based monitoring of the bacterial community showed that its biodiversity decreased when the real wastewater was treated and it was composed mainly of GC-rich genotypes, probably because of the modeling influence of this wastewater and the genotypes specialization.

Effects of butyric acid, mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and avilamycin on performance and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
S N Mousavi ◽  
M Shivazad ◽  
N Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Public Scrutiny

The subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in animals has been under scientific and public scrutiny as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been linked to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which poses a threat to human health (Smith et al., 2003). Short chain fatty acids such as butyrate are considered as potential alternative to AGP, In addition to its bactericidal activity; butyrate appears to play a role in development of the intestinal epithelium (Leeson 2005). Prebiotics (e.g. mannanoligosaccharides, MOS) are nondigestible feed ingredients that can selectively stimulate growth or metabolic activity of a limited number of intestinal microorganisms (Gibson and Roberfroid, 1995). This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate effectiveness of mannanoligosaccharides and butyric acid as potential alternatives to AGP in broilers.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli from Diarrheic Weaned Piglets after the Ban on Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Feed

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Kyung-Hyo ◽  
Byun Jae-Won ◽  
Lee Wan-Kyu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study aimed to survey the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 690 pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from Korean pigs with symptoms of enteric colibacillosis between 2007 and 2017, while assessing the change in antimicrobial resistance profiles before and after the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the antimicrobial resistance phenotype was analyzed through the disk diffusion method, and the genotype was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction. After the ban on AGPs, resistance to gentamicin (from 68.8% to 39.0%), neomycin (from 84.9% to 57.8%), ciprofloxacin (from 49.5% to 39.6%), norfloxacin (from 46.8% to 37.3%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (from 40.8% to 23.5%) decreased compared to before the ban. However, resistance to cephalothin (from 51.4% to 66.5%), cefepime (from 0.0% to 2.4%), and colistin (from 7.3% to 11.0%) had increased. We confirmed a high percentage of multidrug resistance before (95.0%) and after (96.6%) the ban on AGPs. The AmpC gene was the most prevalent from 2007 to 2017 (60.0%), followed by the blaTEM gene (55.5%). The blaTEM was prevalent before (2007–2011, 69.3%) and after (2012–2017, 49.2%) the ban on AGPs. These results provide data that can be used for the prevention and treatment of enteric colibacillosis.

Nutrients removal in hybrid fluidised bed bioreactors operated with aeration cycles

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Martín Martín ◽  
L. López Enríquez ◽  
M. Fernández-Polanco ◽  
S. Villaverde ◽  
P.A. García-Encina
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Two hybrid fluidised bed reactors filled with sepiolite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were operated with short cycled aeration for removing organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous, respectively. Both reactors were continuously operated with synthetic and/or industrial wastewater containing 350–500 mg COD/L, 110–130 mg NKT/L, 90–100 mg NH3-N/L and 12–15 mg P/L for 8 months. The reactor filled with sepiolite, treating only synthetic wastewater, removed COD, ammonia, total nitrogen and phosphorous up to 88, 91, 55 and 80% with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h, respectively. These efficiencies correspond to removal rates of 0.95 kgCODm−3d−1 and 0.16 kg total N m−3d−1.The reactor filled with GAC was operated for 4 months with synthetic wastewater and 4 months with industrial wastewater, removing 98% of COD, 96% of ammonia, and 66% of total nitrogen, with an HRT of 13.6 h. No significant phosphorous removing activity was observed in this reactor. Microbial communities growing with both reactors were followed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques. The microbial fingerprints, i.e. DGGE profiles, indicated that biological communities in both reactors were stable along the operational period even when the operating conditions were changed.

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