scholarly journals Integral indices for quality assessment of pulp and paper mill effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Bogolitsyn ◽  
Maria Gusakova ◽  
Nina Samsonova ◽  
Natalia Selivanova ◽  
Alexsandra Pochtovalova
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

AbstractThe first part of this investigation studied complex nature of chemical oxygen demand (COD ) parameter on local and overall effluents, which were obtained from two pulp and paper mills, located in the Northwest region of Russia. Contribution of individual compounds and fractions of matters having different chemical nature to COD for these effluents was established. The second part of this study shows that, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of priority pollutants and their contribution to COD for different pulp and paper mills are not the same, though these mills use similar technologies and produce similar products.

scholarly journals A review on bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent – An alternative to conventional remedial technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Madan ◽  
Preeti Sachan ◽  
Utkarsh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents

At present, a large amount of water required for paper production and various chemicals has been identified in effluents, which is produced at different steps of paper making in paper mills. The pulp and paper industry is typically related to pollution difficulties related to high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin and chlorinated compounds. Several studies have been made on eliminate these difficulties of pulp and paper effluents, the problem still continues. Although the physical and chemical methods are on the track of treatment, they are not on par with biological treatment because of cost ineffectiveness and residual effects. The biological treatment is known to be effective in reducing the organic load and toxic effects of paper mill effluents. Some microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been involved in degrading the chemicals present in pulp and paper mill effluent. This article is an overview of the attempts made by several researchers worldwide to use biotechnological methods for degradation of the toxic compounds present in pulp and paper mill effluents by using fungi, bacteria, algae and enzymes. The current study clearly shows that application of native dominant bacterial and fungal isolates may be used forthe treatment of large pulp and paper mills effluents.

Summary of Case Studies Investigating the Causes of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Regulatory Toxicity

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Kovacs ◽  
Sharon Gibbons ◽  
Brian O'Connor ◽  
Pierre Martel ◽  
Michael Paice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Abstract In Canada, effluents from pulp and paper mills are regulated for toxicity. The regulation requires ≥50% survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to full-strength (i.e., 100%) effluent for 96 h in tests that must be conducted monthly. The regulation also calls for ≥50% survival of Daphnia magna exposed to 100% effluent for 48 h in weekly monitoring tests. Every year, about 10 to 25% of the mills exceed the regulatory limit at least once in tests with either rainbow trout or Daphnia magna. Between 1996 and 2003, we investigated 84 such cases from 32 mills. Of the 84 investigations, 49 involved only trout, 29 involved only Daphnia, and six involved both species. We identified the actual cause of toxicity in 70% of the cases and partially or tentatively identified the toxicant(s) in 17% more. In the cases involving only trout, the most frequent causes of toxicity were related to biotreatment performance (e.g., ammonia). In the cases involving only Daphnia, the most frequent cause of toxicity seemed to be related to polymeric formulations. For those cases involving both trout and Daphnia, the cause of toxicity was traced to more than one compound or to excess concentrations of a specific compound resulting from a spill or biotreatment-related problems.

Pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment: use of microbes and their enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhotu Ram ◽  
Pushpa Rani ◽  
Kibrom Alebel Gebru ◽  
Mebrhit G Mariam Abrha
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Paper Mill Wastewater

AbstractPulp and paper industry is coming under one of the most water polluting industries, and generated wastewater is highly toxic in nature. The paper mill requires huge quantity (~50–60 m3 of water to produce one ton of paper) of water, and accordingly huge quantity of chemical contaminated wastewater is discharged. The paper mill effluents have identified 240–250 chemicals in different stages of paper making. Various chemical constituents such as high chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, AOX, chlorinated compounds, color, suspended materials, lignin and their derivatives are released in the wastewater. The present review study is focused on the paper mill processes, wastewater generation and its effective treatment by microorganisms. The biological treatment has been identified as cost-effective and eco-friendly methods for the degradation of xenobiotic compounds for paper mill wastewater. Various studies have been performed so far to investigate the complex nature of wastewater by the application of bacteria, fungi and their enzymes at industrial scale. Therefore, the article discussed the importance of biological method as an effective technique for the degradation of paper mill wastewater.

Practical experiences with aerobic biofilters in TMP (thermomechanical pulping), sulfite and fine paper mills in Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kantardjieff ◽  
J. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Sulfite Pulp ◽  
Practical Experiences

An industrial aerobic biofilter technology has been piloted extensively in Canada on several types of pulp and paper mill effluents, resulting in one full scale operational facility at one Canadian fine paper mill. In addition two industrial scale pilot plant tests were performed with the same technology, one in an integrated sulfite pulp and paper mill and one in a TMP mill. In the case of the fine paper mill, the full scale plant has two cells (8 m × 8 m × 6 m height of the media) and treats an unclarified but screened effluent with a loading of 3500 kg BOD/d. The system produces low quantities of biosludge (0.28 kg TSS/kg BOD removed), has a rapid rate of recovery after shock loadings and is very energy efficient (150 kW installed power for aeration). Pilot plant treatability studies were performed at one integrated Canadian sulfite mill using a combination of a biofilter-aerated lagoon system. The biofilter treated the most concentrated stream (sulfite pulp mill effluent) and this stream was then combined with the remaining wastewaters of the mill and polished in an aerated stabilization basin (ASB). The high quality ASB effluent (50 mg BOD/L/30 mg TSS/L) was non toxic to rainbow trout, Daphnia magna and photoluminescent bacteria. Integrated TMP mill effluents were treated in a 5 m3 aerobic biofilter filled with two types of media (10 to 20 mm and 20 to 30 mm). Under average loading conditions of 3.5 kg BOD/d.m3 media, the system produced effluents meeting regulation limits for BOD, TSS as well as for toxicity.

Anaerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents – status quo and new developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Habets ◽  
Willie Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Pre Treatment

Since the early 1980s, anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents has found widespread application in the pulp and paper industry. Over 200 installations are treating a large variety of different pulp and paper mill effluents. Amongst various anaerobic systems the UASB and IC are the most applied anaerobic reactor systems. Anaerobic treatment is well feasible for effluents originated from recycle paper mills, mechanical pulping (peroxide bleached), semi-chemical pulping and sulphite and kraft evaporator condensates. The advantages of anaerobic pre-treatment are (1) net production of renewable energy (biogas), (2) minimized bio-solids production, (3) minimal footprint and (4) reduced emission of greenhouse gases. Via in-line application of anaerobic treatment in closed circuits (paper kidney technology) further savings on cost of fresh water intake and effluent discharge levies are generated.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Agro-Based Pulp Mill Effluent by Microbial Consortium Comprising Autochthonous Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Purnima Dhall ◽  
Rita Kumar ◽  
Yogendra Prakash Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Paper Mills

Small-scale agro-based pulp and paper mills are characterized as highly polluting industries. These mills use Kraft pulping process for paper manufacturing due to which toxic lignified chemicals are released into the environment. Lack of infrastructure, technical manpower, and research and development facilities restricts these mills to recover these chemicals. Therefore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the emanating stream is quite high. For solving the above problem, four bacteria were isolated from the premises of agro-based pulp and paper mill which were identified as species ofPseudomonas, Bacillus, Pannonibacter, andOchrobacterum. These bacteria were found capable of reducing COD up to 85%–86.5% in case of back water and 65-66% in case of back water : black liquor (60 : 40), respectively, after acclimatization under optimized conditions (pH 6.8, temperature 35°C, and shaking 200 rpm) when the wastewater was supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus as trace elements.

scholarly journals Pulp and paper mill wastes: utilizations and prospects for high value-added biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adane Haile ◽  
Gemeda Gebino Gelebo ◽  
Tamrat Tesfaye ◽  
Wassie Mengie ◽  
Million Ayele Mebrate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

AbstractA wide variety of biomass is available all around the world. Most of the biomass exists as a by-product from manufacturing industries. Pulp and paper mills contribute to a higher amount of these biomasses mostly discarded in the landfills creating an environmental burden. Biomasses from other sources have been used to produce different kinds and grades of biomaterials such as those used in industrial and medical applications. The present review aims to investigate the availability of biomass from pulp and paper mills and show sustainable routes for the production of high value-added biomaterials. The study reveals that using conventional and integrated biorefinery technology the ample variety and quantity of waste generated from pulp and paper mills can be converted into wealth. As per the findings of the current review, it is shown that high-performance carbon fiber and bioplastic can be manufactured from black liquor of pulping waste; the cellulosic waste from sawdust and sludge can be utilized for the synthesis of CNC and regenerated fibers such as viscose rayon and acetate; the mineral-based pulping wastes and fly ash can be used for manufacturing of different kinds of biocomposites. The different biomaterials obtained from the pulp and paper mill biomass can be used for versatile applications including conventional, high performance, and smart materials. Through customization and optimization of the conversion techniques and product manufacturing schemes, a variety of engineering materials can be obtained from pulp and paper mill wastes realizing the current global waste to wealth developmental approach.

scholarly journals Coagulation and UF treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater in comparison

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjana Simonič ◽  
Doroteja Vnučec
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Wastewater

AbstractA study using coagulation-flocculation and ultrafiltration (UF)methods for pulp and paper mills’ wastewater (WW)was carried out. The reduction efficiencies of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) and absorbance at 254 nm were the main evaluating parameters. Using coagulation-flocculation, the efficiencies of alum and polyaluminum chloride (PACl)were studied, when used alone and when coupled with flocculant aids. During the coagulation-flocculation process, use of a single coagulant, the coagulant dosage, and the pH, play an important role in determining the coagulation efficiency. At the optimum PACl dosage of 840 mg L−1 and optimum pH of 9.0, turbidity reduction was found to be 94.5%. A combination of inorganic coagulant and flocculant, or polymer was applied, in which PACl was used coupled with the polyelectrolytes Organopol WPB20 and WPB40. PACl coupled with Organopol WPB20 by optimal pH 9 gave a 98.3% reduction of turbidity, 91.9% removal of TSS, and a 60.2% reduction in COD. Ultrafiltration trials were carried out on a pilot scale. A tubular module was used with ceramic membrane. This membrane is a multi-channel membrane with an active surface layer made of Al2O3 and ZrO2. Within the acidic range, the turbidity and TSS were removed at above 99%.

Effects of Chemical Spills on Activated Sludge Treatment Performance in Pulp and Paper Mills

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sarlin ◽  
S. Halttunen ◽  
P. Vuoriranta ◽  
J. Puhakka
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
Acute Toxic Effect

The aim of this research was to study the effects of chemical spills on activated sludge metabolic activity and settleability. On-site, laboratory-scale tests were carried out at three pulp and paper mill activated sludge plants. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal were used for monitoring of metabolic inhibition. The effects of chemicals on 30-min settled sludge volume were studied. Accidental release reports from five pulp and paper mills were analysed. Thirty-four chemicals were selected to the laboratory tests. Of the tested chemicals 2 biocides, monochloro acetic acid, soft soap and turpentine inhibited the OUR of the sludge and thus, had an acute toxic effect on the activated sludge. The biocides and disperging agent reduced DOC removal. Aluminium sulphate and optical brightener had a negative effect on sludge settleability and thus, they may cause losses of activated sludge from treatment plant. In conclusion, maximum possible spill of the five chemicals may reduce the performance of the activated sludge.

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