Health Condition and Colonization of Stem Insects in Scots Pine after Ground Fire in Central Polissya

Abstract Over the past decades, the increase in occurrence of fires has caused degradation of the forest ecosystem and caused impacts to the environment. The aim of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of Scots pine health condition dynamics in the first 2 years after August fire and to estimate the rate of tree colonisation by stem insects in Central Polissya. Scots pine health condition for the first 2 years after summer ground fire in August 2016 and the rate of tree colonisation by stem insects was studied in Zhytomyr region, Western Ukraine. Stem scorch height was measured for every fire-damaged tree, and the index of fire damage severity was calculated. Vital trees health condition worsened more intensively in the sample plot with the lowest relative stocking density and the highest stem scorch by fire. Generally, the forest health condition has worsened in post-fire period in fire damaged stands. However, 23.1% of trees recovered health condition from category ‘drying-up’ to ‘severely weakened’. In fire-damaged stands, the number of species of stem insects has increased from 8 to 11 during the first 2 years of fire damage. Bark beetles were represented by Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus, 1758), Tomicus minor (Hartig, 1834), Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) and Ips sexdentatus (Boerner, 1767). Jewel beetles included Anthaxia quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Phaenops cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775), Melanophila acuminata (DeGeer, 1774) and Chalcophora mariana (Linnaeus, 1758). Longhorn beetles included Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795), Pogonocherus fasciculatus (Degeer, 1775) and Acanthocinus aedilis (Linnaeus, 1758). Tree colonisation by stem insects in the year of fire damage was comparable with control stand, because insect swarming completed before this disturbance. Maximal occurrence of stem insects in 2017 in fire-damaged stand increased up to 66.7% (for I. sexdentatus). The percentage of trees colonised by any insect species at fire-damaged and healthy pine stands differed significantly. The occurrence of stem insects depended mainly on the ratio of trees with different health condition. Our results demonstrate data of tree damage from fire and tree health index as a strong predictor of post-fire mortality of Scots pine and bark beetle occurrence.

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Parameters of Pinus sylvestris health condition and Ips acuminatus population in pure and mixed stands of Sumy region

Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України ◽

10.15421/412012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 131-140

Author(s):

Valentyna Meshkova ◽

Ivan Bobrov

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Forest Health ◽

Health Condition ◽

State Enterprise ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

Outbreaks of bark beetles have increased in recent years in various regions. Pine engraver beetle (Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827); Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is most common in the pine forests of many European countries. Research on its biology and spread carried out in different natural conditions, phases of pest outbreak and considered various parameters to characterize the population of the pest and forest health condition. The aim of the research was to compare the health condition of Scots pine stands and population parameters of I. acuminatus in its two generations in pure and mixed stands in Polissya and Forest-steppe parts of Sumy region. Research was carried out in 2017 in the pure Scots pine stands and mixed stands with Scots pine and other forest species in Polissya (State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Forest Economy") and Forest-steppe parts (State Enterprise "Velykopysarivske Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Okhtyrske Forest Economy") of Sumy region at 26 sample plots. In sample plots, parameters of forest health condition and bark beetle population were assessed in June and in September, after completion of development of spring and summer generation of I. acuminatus. By most of the parameters assessed, significant differences between sample plots in Forest-Steppe and Polissya parts of Sumy region were not found. In pure Scots pine stands the mean area of bark beetles’ foci and bark beetles’ production were larger in Forest-steppe in June, and the density of Ips acuminatus nuptial chambers in June and September. In pure Scots pine stands the area of I. acuminatus focus, the number of colonized trees, the proportion of recently died trees, health condition indices, the density of egg galleries and nuptial chambers as well as young beetle’s production increased from June to September. In mixed stands the focus area, the number of colonized trees and health condition index increased insignificantly, and population parameters of I. acuminatus decreased from June to September. Pure Scots pine stands changed the health condition from "severely weakened" to "drying up" in three months, and mixed ones remained in the "weakened" category. In pure pine stands, the density of egg galleries and beetles of the young generation increased for three months from the lower limit of a moderate level to a high level, the density of nuptial chambers – from low to a high level. In mixed stands, all population parameters of I. acuminatus correspond to a low population level. The parameters characterizing the investigated foci of I. acuminatus in the Sumy region significantly correlated with the participation of pine in the stand composition, and in September the correlation is closer than in June. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of creating predominantly mixed pine stands.

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The fauna of cambioxylophagous insects on Scots pine trees declined after spells of drought in 2003

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/2079-jfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 334-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Foit

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Left Bank ◽

Potential Importance ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Longhorn Beetles ◽

Standing Trees ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Steep Slopes

The paper deals with cambioxylophagous insects on Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) trees. Research was conducted in forest stands growing on steep slopes on the left bank of the Otava River about 1 km north of PÃsek. These are nearly unmanaged stands of a special-purpose function with the natural occurrence of Scots pine. In total, twenty standing trees at 60 to 160 years of age that died after the spell of drought in 2003 were analysed. The composition of the community of cambioxylophagous insects was recorded in detail. The frequencies of occurrence of particular insect species were determined. In total, 34 species of cambioxylophagous insects were recorded. The order Coleoptera was quite a dominant group and within the order bark beetles (Scolytidae) and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) prevailed. The median of the species developing on one tree was 11. <i>Tomicus piniperda</i> (L.) was markedly the most frequent species with the frequency of occurrence 90%. Based on the composition of the communities of cambioxylophagous insects the potential importance of the insect in the decline of the analysed Scots pine trees was evaluated. Cambioxylophagous insects probably played a secondary role there.

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Insects in burned forests - forest protection and faunal conservation (preliminary results)

Entomologica Fennica ◽

10.33338/ef.83846 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (2-3) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Bengt Ehnström ◽

Bo Långström ◽

Claeus Hellqvist

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Common Species ◽

First Year ◽

Forest Protection ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Pine Shoot Beetle ◽

Longhorn Beetles ◽

Pine Trees ◽

In Fire

The beetle colonization of fire-damaged trees was studied in seven reserves, which were established in burned forests in south and central Sweden, following extensive forest fires in the summer of 1992. In the spring of 1993, burned pine trees displayed a large range in fire damage from virtually undamaged ones to trees killed by the fire. Spruces were more sensitive than pine, and few fire-damaged spruces had some green foliage left. The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus) was the main colonizer of pine trees, occurring at all sites, but altogether in only one-third of the trees. On spruce, two bark beetles were common: Polygraphus poligraphus (Linnaeus) was found on nearly all sites and altogether on half of the trees, followed in abundance by Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus). These common species were accompaniedby an assembly of bark and longhorn beetles, commonly occurring on fresh conifer timber. Most of the beetle species clearly preferred the dead or dying trees. However, the species mentioned above as well as Arhopalus rusticus (Linnaeus) also attacked trees with more than half of the foliage left. Three fire-favoured species were observed: Oxypteris (Melanophila) acuminata (Degeer), Sericoda (Agonum) quadripunctata (Degeer) and Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus (Letzner). Line surveys indicated little bark beetle dispersal from the burned areas into surrounding forests. Further studies are needed as the primary colonization of the burned trees was obviously not completed during this first year after the fire.

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Factors influencing the persistence of reindeer lichens (Cladonia subgenus Cladina) within frequent-fire environments of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA

Fire Ecology ◽

10.1186/s42408-019-0063-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David G. Ray ◽

Gabriel D. Cahalan ◽

James C. Lendemer

Keyword(s):

Woody Debris ◽

Forest Health ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Restoration Management ◽

Terricolous Lichens ◽

Reindeer Lichens ◽

In Fire ◽

Atlantic Coastal ◽

Overstory Composition

Abstract Background Prescribed fire is increasingly used to accomplish management goals in fire-adapted systems, yet our understanding of effects on non-target organisms remains underdeveloped. Terricolous lichens in the genus Cladonia P. Browne, particularly cushion-forming reindeer lichens belonging to Cladonia subgenus Cladina Nyl., fit into this category, being characteristic of fire-adapted ecosystems, yet highly vulnerable to damage or consumption during burns. Moreover, inherently slow dispersal and growth rates raise questions about how to conserve these taxa in the context of fire-mediated restoration management. This research was undertaken to identify factors that contribute to Cladonia persistence within areas subject to repeated burning and involved tracking the fate of 228 spatially isolated individuals distributed across seven sites previously burned zero to two times. Site selection was determined by edaphic factors associated with a rare inland dune woodland community type known to support relatively high densities of Cladonia. Results Evaluated across all sites, the post-burn condition of Cladonia subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick samples, categorized as intact (32%), fragmented (33%), or consumed (36%) individuals, approximated a uniform distribution. However, their status was highly variable at the different sites, where from 0 to 70% were assessed as intact and 11 to 60% consumed. Machine-learning statistical techniques were used to identify the factors most strongly associated with fire damage, drawing from variables describing the proximate fuel bed, growth substrate, and fire weather. The final descriptive model was dominated by variables characterizing the understory fuel matrix. Conclusions Areas with highly contiguous fuels dominated by pyrogenic pine needles were most likely to result in consumption of individual Cladonia, whereas those growing in areas with low fuel continuity or in areas dominated by hardwood litter were more likely to persist (intact or as fragments). Further, substrates including bare soil and moss mats afforded more protection than coarse woody debris or leaf litter in settings where fuels were both contiguous and highly flammable. Our findings describe the characteristics of within-site fire refugia, the abundance of which may be enhanced over time through restoration and maintenance treatments including thinning, promotion of mixed-species overstory composition, and periodic burning. Because lichens contribute to, and are considered reliable indicators of forest health, fire-based restoration management efforts will benefit from improved understanding of how these vulnerable organisms are able to persist.

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Fire and Post-Fire Performance of Space Grid Structures

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.621 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 621-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Yong Wang ◽

Xing Qiang Wang ◽

Guang Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Fe Model ◽

Fire Damage ◽

Fire Performance ◽

Membrane Action ◽

Load Bearing Capacity ◽

Space Grid ◽

Deformation Stress ◽

In Fire

A fire performance finite element (FE) model of space grid structures in fire and after fire is proposed, and deformation, stress redistribution, failure modes of grid structures are also studied. The result shows that tensile membrane action arises when the grid is loaded after fire, and the load bearing capacity after fire is reduced by fire damage.

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Multiple-Lure Surveillance Trapping for Ips Bark Beetles, Monochamus Longhorn Beetles, and Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toy190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 (5) ◽

pp. 2255-2263 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kevin D Chase ◽

Lloyd D Stringer ◽

Ruth C Butler ◽

Andrew M Liebhold ◽

Daniel R Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetles ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Longhorn Beetles

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KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON SEBAGAI SALAH SATU INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN LINDUNG (Studi Kasus di Kawasan Hutan Lindung yang Dikelola oleh HKm Beringin Jaya)

Jurnal Belantara ◽

10.29303/jbl.v4i1.601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmat Safei ◽

Hari Kaskoyo ◽

Arief Darmawan ◽

Fansuri Fikri Haikal

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Life Support ◽

Great Influence ◽

Forest Health ◽

Stable Condition ◽

Health Condition ◽

Forest Area ◽

Main Function ◽

Biodiversity Indicators ◽

Protected Forests

Protection forest becomes a forest area with the main function as protection of life support systems. The health condition of protected forests has a great influence on the environment of the ecosystem. It is important to assess the health of protected forests in view of their main function. Thus to determine the health condition of the forest, one indicator that can be used is tree biodiversity. Biodiversity is the richness of life found on earth. Assessment of biodiversity indicators is very necessary to do because it is sensitive to changes, ecological system indicators, spatial heterogeneity, temporal, and and the order in the food chain. This study aims to determine the diversity of tree species in protected forest areas managed by HKm Beringin Jaya as an indicator of forest health assessment. The study was conducted using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The results showed that the final value of forest health status with indicators of biodiversity (tree species diversity) in the protected forest area managed by HKm Beringin Jaya was in the good category of 50% in cluster plots (2, 5 and 6) and bad by 50% on cluster plots (1, 3 and 4), thus showing that the protected forest area managed by HKm Beringin Jaya has a fairly healthy (stable) condition with a moderate category.

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Managing bark beetle outbreaks (Ips typographus, Dendroctonus spp.) in conservation areas in the 21st century

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.1515/frp-2016-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 352-357

Author(s):

Dominik Kulakowski

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Forest Health ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Timber Production ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Silvicultural Treatments ◽

Social Scientific

Abstract Forests in Europe and North America are being affected by large and severe outbreaks of bark beetles, which have caused widespread concern about forest health and have led to proposals for tree removal in affected or susceptible forests. Any such intervention, as well as broader decisions of whether any active interventions are appropriate, should be based on the best scientific data. This is true for all forests, including those whose purposes include timber production, watershed protection, biogeochemical function and recreation, and especially protected and conservation areas as the latter often provide particularly unique and important cultural, social, scientific and other ecosystem services. Here, I summarize peer-reviewed literature on the effects of bark beetle outbreaks and on silvicultural treatments aimed at mitigating beetle-induced tree mortality. From an objective scientific perspective, beetle outbreaks do not destroy forests. Instead, in many cases they play an important role in promoting wildlife, biodiversity and other ecological services. The best available data indicate that logging in conservation areas is unlikely to stop ongoing bark beetle outbreaks and instead may be more ecologically detrimental to the forests than the outbreaks themselves. If the purpose of a forest is timber production, then logging is desirable and can be planned based on appropriate analyses of timber yield and economic profit. However, in areas in which conservation is the determined goal, it is recommended that cutting trees be limited to removing hazards, such as trees that might fall in areas of high human activity in order to limit property damage and personal injury. Based on extensive research in Europe and North America, logging beetle-affected forests is inconsistent with most conservation goals.

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Earth Observation Based Monitoring of Forests in Germany: A Review

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12213570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 3570

Author(s):

Stefanie Holzwarth ◽

Frank Thonfeld ◽

Sahra Abdullahi ◽

Sarah Asam ◽

Emmanuel Da Ponte Canova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetles ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Forest Health ◽

Earth Observation ◽

Forest Monitoring ◽

Forest Damage ◽

Weather Extremes ◽

Crown Condition ◽

The Government

Forests in Germany cover around 11.4 million hectares and, thus, a share of 32% of Germany’s surface area. Therefore, forests shape the character of the country’s cultural landscape. Germany’s forests fulfil a variety of functions for nature and society, and also play an important role in the context of climate levelling. Climate change, manifested via rising temperatures and current weather extremes, has a negative impact on the health and development of forests. Within the last five years, severe storms, extreme drought, and heat waves, and the subsequent mass reproduction of bark beetles have all seriously affected Germany’s forests. Facing the current dramatic extent of forest damage and the emerging long-term consequences, the effort to preserve forests in Germany, along with their diversity and productivity, is an indispensable task for the government. Several German ministries have and plan to initiate measures supporting forest health. Quantitative data is one means for sound decision-making to ensure the monitoring of the forest and to improve the monitoring of forest damage. In addition to existing forest monitoring systems, such as the federal forest inventory, the national crown condition survey, and the national forest soil inventory, systematic surveys of forest condition and vulnerability at the national scale can be expanded with the help of a satellite-based earth observation. In this review, we analysed and categorized all research studies published in the last 20 years that focus on the remote sensing of forests in Germany. For this study, 166 citation indexed research publications have been thoroughly analysed with respect to publication frequency, location of studies undertaken, spatial and temporal scale, coverage of the studies, satellite sensors employed, thematic foci of the studies, and overall outcomes, allowing us to identify major research and geoinformation product gaps.

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