scholarly journals Evaluating the suitability of machinery use during skidding of wood in pine stands

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szewczyk ◽  
Piotr Iwanicki
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Forest Habitats

AbstractSkidding of large-sized logs requires special machinery such as skidders, clambunks, forwarders or farm tractors with a winch or hydraulic tongs. The precise choice of which skidding machine to use depends largely on the desired efficiency and economic factors. The aim of this research was to evaluate the suitability of three different machines (LKT 81 skidder, John Deere 1110D forwarder and Pronar 1221A agricultural tractor with hydraulic tongs) for wood skidding based on technical and economic indicators. The practical work for this research was carried out in the Mirosławiec Forest Division in areas with fresh mixed coniferous forest habitats where the dominant species in the stands was pine and strip-like clear cutting was the preferred management practice.The best machinery performance values were obtained for skidding using the John Deere forwarder.

scholarly journals The influence of initial spacing on growth and survival of Scots pine in 40 years period of cultivation in varied habitat conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gil
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the effect of initial spacing on the survival and growth of pine trees in dry coniferous and fresh coniferous forest habitats after nearly 40 years from the establishment of plantation. The study presents an analysis of seven spacing variants in square, rectangular and triangular spacing patterns with the initial density ranging from 6 944 seedlings/ha to 15 625 seedlings/ha. The studies were conducted on two study sites. No tending treatments (selective thinning) were performed in the examined stands throughout the growing season. It was shown that habitat conditions had a significant effect on the survival, diameter and height growth of trees in pine stands. In the less productive forest habitat, where the competition of trees is smaller, the survival was 1.5 to 2-fold higher compared to the more productive habitat. Pine trees growing in the fresh coniferous forest had substantially larger diameters at breast height (dbh) compared to the dry coniferous forest. The spacing effect depended on the habitat conditions. This influence was stronger in the less productive habitat compared to the more productive forest habitat which was reflected in the greater differences in the discussed parameters. The average dbh value of all trees on the Płock site increased with the increase of tree growing space (i.e. lower initial planting density) and ranged from 8.24 cm in variant A (15 625 seedlings/ha) to 9.79 cm in variant C (6 944 seedlings/ha). On the Łąck site, the trees growing at a low density (variants C and E) had significantly larger diameters compared to the trees growing at a density from 10 000 plants/ha to 15 625 plants/ha (spacing variants A, B, F, G). The studies also showed a significant effect of the habitat conditions and initial spacing on the diameter of pine trees in biosocial class I. Triangular spacing in the fresh coniferous forest was found to have more positive effect on tree diameter growth. It is consistent with the findings of other authors that trees planted in triangular spacing make better use of space which is positively reflected in their growth. The results obtained from the research allow to formulate the conclusion that habitat conditions have a significant effect on the survival, diameter and height growth of trees in pine stands. The research also showed a significant effect of initial spacing on the diameter at breast height of pines at the end of age class II. No dependence was found of the initial planting density on the height growth rate of trees. In both forest habitats under consideration, trees planted at a density of approximately 11.5 thousand plants per hectare were the highest. The triangular initial spacing pattern had a positive effect on this characteristic.

scholarly journals Consequences of Climate Change-Induced Habitat Conversions on Red Wood Ants in a Central European Mountain: A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Orsolya Juhász ◽  
Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó ◽  
Anna Tenyér ◽  
Anna Ágnes Somogyi ◽  
Dianne Joy Aguilon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Central European ◽  
Formica Polyctena ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Red Wood Ants ◽  
Wood Ants

The consequences of anthropogenic climate change are one of the major concerns of conservation biology. A cascade of negative effects is expected to affect various ecosystems, one of which is Central European coniferous forests and their unique biota. These coniferous forests are the primary habitat of many forest specialist species such as red wood ants. Climate change-induced rising of temperature allows trees to skip winter hibernation, making them more vulnerable to storms that cause wind felling, and in turn, promotes bark beetle infestations that results in unscheduled clear-cuttings. Red wood ants can also be exposed to such habitat changes. We investigated the effects of bark beetle-induced clear-cutting and the absence of coniferous trees on colonies of Formica polyctena, including a mixed-coniferous forest as a reference. Our aim was to investigate how these habitat features affect the nest characteristics and nesting habits of F. polyctena. Our results indicate that, in the absence of conifers, F. polyctena tend to use different alternatives for nest material, colony structure, and food sources. However, the vitality of F. polyctena colonies significantly decreased (smaller nest mound volumes). Our study highlights the ecological flexibility of this forest specialist and its potential to survive under extreme conditions.

Dung longevity influences the fate of endozoochorically dispersed seeds in forest ecosystems

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Jaroszewicz ◽  
Ewa Pirożnikow
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Seedling Germination ◽  
Forest Habitats

Many studies show large discrepancies between the potential (studied in the greenhouse) and realized (studied in the field) effects of endozoochory. The influence of environmental conditions on the fate of endozoochorically dispersed seeds and subsequent plant establishment is still not well understood. We addressed this issue by studying the viable seed content of the dung of European bison ( Bison bonasus L.) by means of seedling germination in the greenhouse and in two forest habitats in Białowieża Primeval Forest. The number of seedlings and the number of plant species that emerged from 1 L of feces were positively correlated with dung longevity. Generative shoots were produced by plants only in coniferous forest. Their number was positively correlated with dung longevity and with light availability. Germination of seeds from bison feces was higher in coniferous forest than in deciduous forest but did not differ between open- and closed-canopy plots within the same habitat. We conclude that (i) seed germination and plant establishment after endozoochorous dispersal is influenced by dung longevity; (ii) the number of generative shoots produced by endozoochorously dispersed plants is influenced by dung longevity and light availability; (iii) seeds of some plant species, present in dung, stay viable for at least 3 years.

Clear-cutting affects the ammonia-oxidising community differently in limed and non-limed coniferous forest soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JennyS.K. B�ckman ◽  
?saKasimir Klemedtsson ◽  
Leif Klemedtsson ◽  
Per-Eric Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Clear Cutting

scholarly journals Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Grønflaten ◽  
Eiliv Steinnes ◽  
Göran Örlander
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Cu And Zn

Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants Increasingly intensive and mechanized clear-cutting may deplete the forest ecosystem of essential nutrients. A clear-cut area near Växjö, southern Sweden, was investigated for changes in Mn, Cu and Zn in soil (NH4NO3 extractable and HNO3 soluble) and wavy hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) after conventional (CC) and whole-tree clear-cutting (WTC). The soil samples were mostly iron podzols. The area consisted of four clear-cut sites, respectively 2, 4, 6 and 8 years old, and an uncut forest reference stand. Each of the clear-cuts was split in two parts representing WTC and CC sites. Manganese showed the most definite trends after clear-cutting, exhibiting higher extractable concentrations in Oe, Oa and E horizons (4-8 years after clear-cutting) and B horizons (6-8 years after clear-cutting). The increase of exchangeable Mn in the E (2-8 years) and B (4-8 years) horizons was particularly strong. Zn concentrations tended to fluctuate with time. There was a tendency to higher Mn and Zn concentrations in the humus layer especially 2 years after CC-treatment compared with WTC, whereas the opposite trend was apparent for Cu. Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations decreased in Deschampsia flexuosa 2 years after clear-cutting, possibly due to increased soil pH.

Response of beaver, moose, and snowshoe hare to clear-cutting in a Quebec boreal forest: a reassessment 10 years after cut

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Potvin ◽  
Laurier Breton ◽  
Réhaume Courtois
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Control Block ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Rate Of Increase

We studied the response of beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl), moose (Alces alces L.), and snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxl.) to clear-cutting in three blocks that had been logged 10 years ago. In a previous study, these species had been surveyed in the same blocks 2 years before and 2 years after logging. We also surveyed an uncut block of the initial experimental design that was logged more recently. Over the 10-year period, the shrub layer and available browse have improved markedly in clear-cut areas. As compared with logged coniferous stands, logged mixed stands had higher lateral cover (62% vs. ≈55%) and taller regeneration (>4 m vs. <3 m). Beaver density did not change over the period because its feeding habitat remained unchanged in the riparian forest strips. Moose densities increased 54%–87% in two harvested blocks as a result of both logging and stricter hunting regulations (selective hunting). Based on the rate of increase observed in a control block, we estimate that a 25% density increase in the mixed forest block can be related to logging, while selective hunting can solely be responsible for the change in the coniferous forest block. Snowshoe hare have started to reoccupy logged coniferous stands, but their relative density still remained less than half that of uncut stands. We conclude that, after 10 years, logged mixed stands already offer good habitat conditions for moose and snowshoe hare. Conversely, in logged black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands, habitat conditions still remain poor for snowshoe hare because of a lack of cover.

Phylogeography ofPinus tabulaeformisCarr. (Pinaceae), a dominant species of coniferous forest in northern China

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 4276-4288 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANGMING CHEN ◽  
RICHARD J. ABBOTT ◽  
RICHARD I. MILNE ◽  
XIN-MIN TIAN ◽  
JIANQUAN LIU
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Northern China

scholarly journals Effects of clear-cutting and selective felling in Swedish Boreal coniferous forest: response of invertebrate taxa eaten by birds

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Atlegrim ◽  
Kjell Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Insectivorous Birds ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Field Layer ◽  
Clear Cutting

Our aim was to analyse the short-term effects (0-4 years) of selective felling and clear-cutting on the food resources of insectivorous birds. Literature data on bird diets showed that herbivorous larvae (Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera: Symphyta) and spiders (Araneae) were used by 81 and 50%, respectively, of 16 bird species breeding in the Swedish boreal coniferous forest. A field study comparing selective fellings, clear-cuttings and uncut controls showed considerable effects of clear-cutting on both terricolous and field layer invertebrates. Clear-cuttings had significantly lower abundance and biomass, and a different composition of herbivorous larvae and spiders, as well as a lower total biomass of invertebrates in the field layer than controls. Drastic changes of abiotic factors (like increased temperature range) following clear-cutting may directly affect the occurrence of invertebrates. However, indirect effects (like increased sun exposure, affecting food plant quality for herbivorous larvae) are probably also responsible. Selective fellings did not differ from controls in the occurrence of herbivorous larvae and spiders. Therefore, over the four-year term of our study, selective felling seems to provide birds with conditions similar to uncut forest for invertebrates used by birds.

Further studies on the chipmunk warble, Cuterebra emasculator (Diptera: Cuterebridae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Forest Habitats

The prevalence of Cuterebra emasculator Fitch in 1328 chipmunks (Tamias striatus) was analyzed as to the sex and age class of the host and to the forest habitats from which the chipmunks were obtained. The prevalence of the parasite was highest in immature animals of both sexes and lowest in adult females. Prevalence of C. emasculator was highest in chipmunks from second-growth mixed forests; such animals also carried more parasites per animal. Chipmunks from mature coniferous forests harbored the fewest parasites per individual and the prevalence was the lowest. The parasite density was extremely low, averaging one fly per 2.8 acres in mature coniferous forest and one fly per 0.7 acres in the second-growth forest habitat.

METODY PROWADZENIA ODNOWIEŃ NATURALNYCH SOSNY ZWYCZAJNEJ (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) W NADLEŚNICTWIE SKWIERZYNA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Maciej Hałuszczak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Basic Method ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest District

For many years, the Skwierzyna Forest District has been a leader among 35 units of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Szczecin in terms of the area of the obtained natural regeneration of Scots pine. In the Skwierzyna Forest District in the period 2010-2018, 522.93 ha of natural regeneration was recognized, which constitutes 43% of the total regeneration, the habitat of fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh coniferous forest as optimal for obtaining regeneration of the natural pine. In the spring date of plowing, the forest plow LPz-75 is applied, as the best for obtaining satisfactory self-seeding. The basic method of natural regeneration of pine in the Skwierzyna Forest Inspectorate is the use of a strip-like clear cutting (Ib) in the form of classic narrow sheds, with a cutting width of up to 60 m. It is noteworthy that in the woodcutting the under-eaves undergrowths, arising in forest stands close to the harvest, are left intact and later used within the naturally renovated area.

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