scholarly journals Hormonal Levels and Follicular Dynamics in Relation to the Oestrous Cycle in Barb and Arabian Mares, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
H. Houssou ◽  
F. Bouzebda-Afri ◽  
Z. Bouzebda ◽  
Z. Haddouche
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Maximal Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Hormonal Levels ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Abstract This current study is an effort to understand the hormonal and follicular growth in the Barb and Arabian mares during the oestrous cycle; as mares are unique creatures. A total of 53 mares with 97 oestrous cycles were studied. The mares with a mean age of 10.38 ± 4.55 were examined by ultrasonography every day during their breeding season (2017). Two blood samples from each mare (n = 24) were obtained for progesterone (P4), oestrogen (oestradiol-17 beta) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) determinations. The data revealed that the duration of the oestrous cycle was between 19 to 22 days. The pre-ovulatory follicle grew (3.02 ± 1.04) millimetre per day. The rate of cycles exploited in the mare (Arabian versus Barb) for conception was significantly different (P < 0.001). The maximal diameter of the follicle was 50.00 millimetre. The serum progesterone levels (P < 0.01) in mares were significantly higher in the luteal phase than those recorded during the time of oestrous. However, the levels of oestradiol and for FSH did not significantly change during the oestrous cycle in the mares. Determining the association between the size of the follicle and the hormone profiles were the most reliable criterion in the prediction of ovulation.

Miniature ponies: 2. Endocrinology of the oestrous cycle

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Ginther ◽  
M. A. Beg ◽  
A. P. Neves ◽  
R. C. Mattos ◽  
B. P. L. Petrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
The Future ◽  
Three Phases

Plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone were studied daily during 12 interovulatory intervals and 21 periovulatory periods in nine Miniature ponies. The peak of the FSH surge that was temporally associated with emergence of the future ovulatory follicle occurred when the follicle was ~9 mm, compared with a reported diameter of 13 mm in larger breeds. The ovulatory LH surge involved a slow increase between Days 13 and 18 (ovulation = Day 0; 0.6 ± 0.1 ng day–1), a minimal increase or a plateau on Days 18 to 21 (0.04 ± 0.1 ng day–1), and a rapid increase after Day 21 (2.2 ± 0.4 ng day–1; P < 0.0001). The end of the plateau and the beginning of the rapid increase occurred on the day of maximum concentration in the oestradiol preovulatory surge. An unexpected mean increase and decrease in LH occurred (P < 0.04) on Days 5 to 9. Concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone seemed similar to reported results in larger breeds. Results indicated that in Miniature ponies the peak of the FSH surge associated with emergence of the future ovulatory follicle occurred at a smaller diameter of the future ovulatory follicle than in larger breeds, the ovulatory LH surge increased in three phases, and the ovulatory LH surge was followed by an LH increase and decrease during the early luteal phase.

Effects of treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue on follicle development in dairy cows fed one of two different diets

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
E.C.L. Bleach ◽  
C.L. Moore ◽  
H.J. Zeale ◽  
P.G. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Phase Length

AbstractFollicle development occurs in two or three waves during the bovine oestrous cycle. Artificially extending the duration of ovulatory follicle dominance influences pregnancy rates in cattle, as does the interval from emergence to oestrus in dairy cows undergoing spontaneous oestrous cycles. The objectives of the presented study were to determine whether the interval from ovulatory follicle emergence to oestrus might be altered by diet and/or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment. Lactating primiparous Holstein/Friesian cows (n=21) were randomly allocated to one of two diets at calving (Diet 1, n=ll, DM 480 g/kg, metabolisable energy 12.0 MJ/kg DM crude protein 178 g/kg DM, oil B 48 g/kg DM, neutral detergent fibre 318 g/kg DM and diet 2, n=10, DM 440 g/kg, metabolisable energy 12.1 MJ/kg DM, crude protein 172 g/kg DM, oil B 40 g/kg DM, neutral detergent fibre 300 g/kg DM). From 10 days after observed oestrus (oestrus 1), ovarian follicular and luteal development was monitored by daily transrectal ultrasonography until the subsequent oestrus and ovulation. A GnRH analogue was injected (i.m.; 10 μg) 12 days after oestrus 1 in 6 cows fed diet 1 and 5 cows fed diet 2. Oestrous cycle length was longer (p<0.05) in control cows fed diet 1 than those fed diet 2. Treatment with GnRH increased (p<0.005) cycle length in cows fed diet 2 but not those fed diet 1. Increases in cycle length observed were associated with longer luteal phase length. Follicular phase length was reduced (p<0.05) by GnRH treatment in cows fed diet 1. Ovulatory follicles emerged later (p<0.05) in control cows fed diet 1 than those fed diet 2. GnRH treatment delayed (p<0.01) the emergence of the ovulatory follicle in cows fed diet 2, this delay was associated with an increase (p<0.05) in the incidence of 3 follicle waves in oestrous cycles following GnRH treatment. The interval from emergence of the ovulatory follicle to the subsequent oestrus was similar among the treatment groups. We conclude that treatment with GnRH during the mid-luteal phase may delay the emergence of the ovulatory follicle. However, the response is dependent on diet fed. Where ovulatory follicle emergence is delayed, the interval from emergence to the subsequent oestrus was unaffected since oestrous cycle length is extended.

Secretion patterns of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and 17β-oestradiol during oestrus and the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun (Bos frontalis)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dhali ◽  
D. P. Mishra ◽  
M. Karunakaran ◽  
A. Mech ◽  
C. Rajkhowa
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Pulsatile Secretion ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The present study reports the pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) on the day of oestrus and at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun (Bos frontalis). The frequency of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) pulses was found to be greater (P < 0.05) on the day of oestrus than at the mid-luteal phase. In contrast, the amplitude of the LH and FSH pulses was greater (P < 0.01) at the mid-luteal phase than on the day of oestrus. A synchronised (P < 0.01) LH and FSH secretion pattern was found only at the mid-luteal phase. A pulsatile secretion pattern for OE2 in the peripheral circulation was evident for both phases of the oestrous cycle. The frequency of the OE2 pulses did not differ significantly in different phases of the oestrous cycle. In contrast, the amplitude of the OE2 pulses and the basal OE2 concentration were found to be greater (P < 0.01) at the mid-luteal phase than on the day of oestrus. A synchronised (P < 0.01) LH and OE2 secretion pattern was observed in both phases of the oestrous cycle. In contrast, a synchronised (P < 0.05) FSH and OE2 secretion pattern was found only on the day of oestrus. In conclusion, a different pattern of LH and FSH secretion was observed in both phases of the oestrous cycle, mainly on the day of oestrus, which indicates a differential regulatory mechanism of LH and FSH release. In addition, as in cattle, OE2 exerts a positive feedback on LH and FSH release on the day of oestrus and on LH release at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun. Also, as in cattle, the greater basal plasma OE2 concentration and increased amplitude of OE2 pulses exert a negative feedback on FSH release at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle.

Ovarian responses of anestrous ewes to the "ram effect"

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ungerfeld ◽  
A. Pinczak ◽  
M. Forsberg ◽  
E. Rubianes
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Follicular Cyst ◽  
Ram Effect ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
Follicular Dynamics ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Ovarian responses to the "ram effect" were characterized in 11 anestrous Corriedale ewes. In seven ewes, there was a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge 36.7 ± 12.3 h (mean ± SEM) after ram introduction and a concurrent increase (P < 0.05) in serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Ovarian responses (monitored ultrasonographically) were highly variable. One ewe had two luteal phases (short and normal, respectively), three had delayed ovulation (days 5–7), two had luteinization of non-ovulatory follicles, one developed a luteinized follicular cyst, and four had no luteal phase. Key words: Ram effect, ovarian follicular dynamics, seasonal anestrus, ultrasonography, gonadotropin

EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHINS ON THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DAS ◽  
G. K. BENSON
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Different Doses

SUMMARY Adult virgin, regularly cyclic female guinea-pigs were treated with different doses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone during the late luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. The onset of the next oestrus was delayed and the length of the dioestrous stage was prolonged beyond the normal range in all the treated groups, but for a maximum period in the animals receiving LH alone. The results indicate a dual role of LH on the normal cycle of the guineapig. It has been suggested that either luteotrophin release from the pituitary or an intrinsic luteotrophic action is probably a part of the function of LH in addition to its ovulation-inducing function in the guinea-pig.

Effect of mid-luteal phase progesterone levels on the first wave dominant follicle in cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Taylor ◽  
R. Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

A wave-like-pattern of follicular growth and regression during the luteal phase has been described in the bovine. The factors responsible for inducing the onset of regression of nonovulatory dominant follicles are unknown. The present study was designed to examine the effect of progesterone (P4) administration early in the estrous cycle on the first wave dominant follicle. Nine heifers were administered P4 on day 3 (200 mg), day 4 (100 mg) and day 5 (50 mg) of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = day of estrus) and seven heifers received vehicle to serve as controls. All heifers received a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on day 7. Follicular dynamics were monitored by daily ultrasonography. All seven control heifers ovulated the first wave dominant follicle. In four P4 treated heifers, the first wave dominant follicle regressed prior to PGF2α administration and a dominant follicle from the second pool of follicles ovulated. The remaining five P4 treated heifers ovulated the first wave dominant follicle. However, in these heifers the growth of the first wave dominant follicle was slower (0.65 ± 0.13 mm day−1 between days 3 to 7 for treated vs 1.46 ± 0.23 mm day−1 for control; P < 0.05) and estrus and ovulation were delayed compared to controls (3.8 ± 0.3 vs 2.4 ± 0.2 and 5.2 ± 0.4 vs 3.9 ± 0.2 days after PGF2α, respectively; P < 0.05). The results indicate that P4 administered early in the estrous cycle to mimic the mid luteal phase levels alters follicular dynamics and is capable of inducing premature regression of the first wave dominant follicle. Key words: Progesterone, dominant follicle, cattle, atresia, ovulation

Follicular dynamics, corpus luteum growth and regression in lactating dairy cattle

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Taylor ◽  
R. Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Ultrasound imaging and progesterone (P4) profiles were used to characterize follicular and corpus luteum (CL) growth and regression in 10 cycling dairy cows. Thirteen of sixteen cycles were characterized by two waves of follicular growth, the second wave giving rise to the ovulatory follicle. The remaining three cycles had three waves. There was no difference between two- and three-wave cycles with regard to the day of emergence of the first or second dominant follicle (day 2.5 ± 0.9 vs. day 2.4 ± 1.2 and day 12.4 ± 1.6 vs. day 12.0 ± 2.0, respectively) or the onset of regression of the first dominant follicle (day 12.5 ± 1.5 vs. day 12.3 ± 1.5). In two wave cycles, estrous cycle length was shorter (20.8 ± 1.7 d vs. 29.7 ± 4.9 d), the first day of decline in P4 (day 16.2 ± 1.5 vs. day 23.7 ± 5.5) and the onset of CL regression (day 17.1 ± 1.3 vs. day 24.3 ± 5.5) was earlier. It is concluded that two waves of follicular growth in an estrous cycle is the norm in lactating dairy cows. The presence of an additional wave is due to a prolonged luteal phase. Key words: Follicle, corpus luteum, estrous cycle, dairy cow

CONCENTRATION OF OESTRADIOL, PROGESTERONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE JUGULAR VENOUS PLASMA OF EWES DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. PANT ◽  
C. R. N. HOPKINSON ◽  
R. J. FITZPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Distinct Increase ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY Changes in the concentrations of ovarian steroids and pituitary gonadotrophins were measured by radioimmunoassay in the jugular plasma of six Clun Forest ewes throughout the oestrous cycle. The concentration of oestradiol began to rise 12–14 h before the onset of oestrus from values of 11·2 ± 0·36 (s.e.m.) pg/ml during the luteal phase to 21·1 ± 2·01 pg/ml at −8 to 0 h (oestrus). There was no distinct increase during the luteal phase. Circulating progesterone varied in a cyclic manner with the highest values at the mid-luteal phase (3·70 ± 0·28 ng/ml; n = 28). In five out of six ewes the concentration was still quite high (1·86 ± 0·43 ng/ml) at 35 h before the onset of oestrus. The concentration declined rapidly thereafter, reaching minimum values about 12 h before oestrus coincident with the increase in oestradiol concentration. Plasma LH increased from very low values of 2·59 ± 0·09 ng/ml during the luteal phase to 75·3 ± 7·4 ng/ml about 9 h after the onset of oestrus. Two peaks of plasma FSH concentration were detected after the onset of oestrus. The first peak (171·0± 35·5 ng/ml) coincided with the LH peak and the second (133·0 ± 10·7 ng/ml) occurred about 24 h later at a time when LH values were low. The mean FSH concentration at other times during the cycle was 61·9 ± 2·8 ng/ml.

Ovarian follicular dynamics and concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone during the periovulatory phase of the oestrous cycle in the cow

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kaneko ◽  
T Terada ◽  
K Taya ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
S Sasamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Follicular Dynamics ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Changes in the plasma concentration of oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were characterized during the transition from the luteal to the follicular phase, the periovulatory period and the early luteal phase in five cycling cows. The pattern of growth and the regression of follicles and corpora lutea in the ovary of the same animals were also assessed by daily ultrasonographic examinations. Two waves of follicular growth (ovulatory and non-ovulatory) occurred in all animals. The ovulatory follicular wave started from 4 days before the preovulatory surges of LH and FSH and the wave of next growth of a dominant follicle (non-ovulatory follicle) started within one day after ovulation. Changes in plasma levels of oestradiol-17 beta correlated well with the growth of both ovulatory and non-ovulatory dominant follicles. Suppression of FSH concentration during the follicular phase was inversely related to the increase in plasma concentration of oestradiol-17 beta. These results suggest that, in the cow, ovulatory dominant follicles suppress FSH secretion by increasing the concentration of oestradiol-17 beta (and probably also inhibin) during the follicular phase.

THE LEVELS OF FSH AND LH IN THE PITUITARY OF THE EWE IN RELATION TO FOLLICULAR GROWTH AND OVULATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. ROBERTSON ◽  
J. S. M. HUTCHINSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
The State ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Marked Drop ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) have been determined in the anterior lobe of the pituitary of ewes killed at precise stages of the oestrous cycle, during anoestrus, pregnancy, lactation, and in virgin ewes. A marked drop in the content of both FSH and LH has been demonstrated during the ovulatory period of the cycle. The values obtained are discussed in relation to the state of the ovarian follicles.

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