EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHINS ON THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DAS ◽  
G. K. BENSON
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Different Doses

SUMMARY Adult virgin, regularly cyclic female guinea-pigs were treated with different doses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone during the late luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. The onset of the next oestrus was delayed and the length of the dioestrous stage was prolonged beyond the normal range in all the treated groups, but for a maximum period in the animals receiving LH alone. The results indicate a dual role of LH on the normal cycle of the guineapig. It has been suggested that either luteotrophin release from the pituitary or an intrinsic luteotrophic action is probably a part of the function of LH in addition to its ovulation-inducing function in the guinea-pig.

scholarly journals Is interleukin-1α a luteotrophic or luteolytic agent in cattle?

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Majewska ◽  
Izabela Woclawek-Potocka ◽  
Mamadou M Bah ◽  
Joanna Hapunik ◽  
Katarzyna K Piotrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Doses

Cytokines are thought to regulate prostaglandin (PG) secretion in the bovine endometrium. However, there is no consensus about the role of interleukin-1α (IL1A) on PG secretion. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of IL1A on basal and interferon-τ (IFNT)-regulated PGin vitrosecretion, as well its effects on PG secretion, progesterone (P4) output, and corpus luteum (CL)in vivolifespan. Explants of bovine endometrium (days 16–17 of the estrous cycle or early pregnancy) were stimulated with IL1A (10 ng/ml), IFNT (30 ng/ml), or IL1A combined with IFN. IL1A alone strongly stimulated luteotrophic PGE2secretion by endometrial tissues of both pregnant and nonpregnant cows. IL1A also stimulated luteolytic PGF2αoutput in the late luteal phase. IFNT augmented the stimulatory effect of IL1A on PGE2secretion. In anin vivoexperiment, saline or IL1A at different doses (0.001–10 μg/per animal) was applied to the uterine lumen on day 16 of the cycle. Only the highest dose of IL1A caused a temporal increase in PGF2αsecretion, while it had no effect on P4secretion or CL lifespan. Application of 0.1 and 1 μg IL1A stimulated P4and PGE2output and prolonged the CL lifespan. Although IL1A may stimulatein vitroluteolytic PGF2αsecretion during the estrous cycle, it only acts as a luteotrophic factorin vivo. IL1A increased luteotrophic PGE2and P4output, inhibiting spontaneous luteolysis. These luteotrophic effects may result in appropriate luteal development and function in cows during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy.

FEEDBACK CONTROL OF FSH IN THE MALE: ROLE OF OESTROGEN

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Walsh ◽  
Ronald S. Swerdloff ◽  
William D. Odell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in a group of elderly men following castration and oestrogen therapy. Prior to orchiectomy, mean serum concentrations of LH and FSH were within the normal range. Two days following castration, serum LH concentrations increased in all eight patients; higher levels of LH were subsequently measured in all but one patient after periods of time ranging from 49 to 210 days. Serum FSH levels, measured in three patients following castration, increased in a pattern parallel to LH changes. Ethinyl oestradiol (EOe) in doses ranging from 5 to 300 μg/day was administered to ten men who had been castrated 3 to 72 months earlier. Oestrogen treatment suppressed both LH and FSH in a parellel manner in nine of ten patients. LH was first suppressed to intact levels in one of eight patients treated with 20 μg/day of EOe, in two of six patients treated with 50 μg/day, and in one patient by 80 μg/day. FSH was not suppressed to precastration levels until 50 μg/day of EOe was administered; this dose suppressed three of six patients. Higher doses of EOe (150–300 μg/day) suppressed both LH and FSH to levels below the sensitivity of the assay. These data fail to demonstrate any differential effect of oestrogen on LH and FSH release.

Altered Serotonergic Activity in Women with Dysphoric Premenstrual Syndromes

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Halbreich ◽  
Henry Tworek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Library Search ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Objective: Dysphoric Premenstrual Syndromes (PMS) are quite prevalent and in some women they are severe enough to warrant treatment. Their pathophysiology is still unknown, despite increased interest and research. Here we review the possible role of serotonin in the multidimensional interactive pathophysiology of PMS. Method: Over 170 articles are reviewed. An extensive library search has been conducted and articles are included because of their relevance to: 1) the phenomenology of PMS; 2) the putative association of serotonergic (5-HT) activity with syndromes that occur premenstrually; 3) changes in 5-HT activity along the menstrual cycle, especially the late luteal phase; 4) influence of gonadal hormones on serotonergic functions; 5) endocrine strategies for assessment of 5-HT abnormalities; and 6) treatment studies of PMS with serotonergic agonists. Results and Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that post-synaptic serotonergic responsivity might be altered during the late-luteal-premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. Some serotonergic functions of women with PMS might be altered during the entire cycle and be associated with a vulnerability trait. It is hypothesized that gonadal hormones might cause changes in levels of activity of 5-HT systems as part of a multidimensional interactive system. Strategies to evaluate 5-HT activities in the context of the menstrual cycle are discussed—leading to the conclusion that the most promising approach is active stimulation with specific post-synaptic serotonin agonists. Treatment outcome studies of some imperfect compounds that are currently applied as a symptomatic treatment of PMS support the notion that 5-HT is involved in the pathophysiology of these syndromes.

scholarly journals Delayed effect of low progesterone concentrations on bovine uterine PGF(2alpha) secretion in the subsequent oestrous cycle

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shaham-Albalancy ◽  
Y Folman ◽  
M Kaim ◽  
M Rosenberg ◽  
D Wolfenson
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Subsequent Cycle ◽  
Concentration Curves

Low progesterone concentrations during the bovine oestrous cycle induce enhanced responsiveness to oxytocin challenge late in the luteal phase of the same cycle. The delayed effect of low progesterone concentrations during one oestrous cycle on uterine PGF(2alpha) secretion after oxytocin challenge on day 15 or 16 of the subsequent cycle was studied by measuring the concentrations of the major PGF(2alpha) metabolite (13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF(2alpha); PGFM) in plasma. Two experiments were conducted, differing in the type of progesterone treatment and in the shape of the low progesterone concentration curves. In Expt 1, progesterone supplementation with intravaginal progesterone inserts, with or without an active corpus luteum, was used to obtain high, or low and constant plasma progesterone concentrations, respectively. In Expt 2, untreated cows, representing high progesterone treatment, were compared with cows that had low but increasing plasma progesterone concentrations that were achieved by manipulating endogenous progesterone secretion of the corpus luteum. Neither experiment revealed any differences in plasma progesterone concentrations between the high and low progesterone groups in the subsequent oestrous cycle. In both experiments, both groups had similar basal concentrations of PGFM on day 15 (Expt 1) or 16 (Expt 2) of the subsequent oestrous cycle, 18 days after progesterone treatments had ended. In both experiments, the increases in PGFM concentrations in the low progesterone groups after an oxytocin challenge were markedly higher than in the high progesterone groups. These results indicate that low progesterone concentrations during an oestrous cycle have a delayed stimulatory effect on uterine responsiveness to oxytocin during the late luteal phase of the subsequent cycle. This resulting increase in PGF(2alpha) secretion may interfere with luteal maintenance during the early stages of pregnancy.

Plasma bradykininogen and reproductive cycles: studies during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the rat, and in the human menstrual cycle

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McDonald ◽  
A. M. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Human Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
In Pregnancy

Plasma bradykininogen levels have been shown to rise about threefold late in pregnancy in the rat. However, they declined sharply 1–2 days before delivery.Plasma bradykininogen levels remained relatively unchanged through most the oestrous and menstrual cycles (rat, man). However, they showed a fall at two similar periods, in both cycles. A smaller decline occurred in metoestrus in the rat, and (probably) in the late luteal phase in the human. The largest fall took place around the time of ovulation in both the oestrous and the menstrual cycles. The decline was about 59% in the rat and 42% in the human. Bradykininogen showed no similar changes in the blood of male human controls. The suggestion that bradykinin could be involved in ovulation is discussed.

Surgical denervation of porcine ovaries during the middle luteal phase of the oestrous cycle changes their morphology and steroidogenic activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Jana ◽  
Anna Dzienis ◽  
Joanna Wojtkiewicz ◽  
Monika Kaczmarek ◽  
M. Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Chain Cleavage ◽  
Neuropeptide Tyrosine ◽  
Ovarian Nerves

Changes in both the morphology and the steroidogenic activity of porcine ovaries denervated surgically on day 12 of the oestrous cycle were studied. Neurectomy of the plexus and the superior ovarian nerves caused a dramatic reduction in the number (or even a disappearance) of dopamine-β-hydroxylase- and/or neuropeptide tyrosine-immunoreactive nerve terminals. On day 20 of the subsequent oestrous cycle, the number of small follicles increased (P < 0.01) and that of large follicles decreased (P < 0.05) in the denervated ovaries, as compared to the controls. Neurectomy led to a decrease in the level of progesterone (P 4 ; P < 0.001) and androstenedione (A 4 ; P < 0.01) in the fluid from small follicles, A 4 (P < 0.001) and testosterone (T; P < 0.05) in the fluid from medium-sized follicles, as well as in the content of all these steroids in the fluid from large-sized follicles (P < 0.001 for P 4 and P < 0.05 for A 4 and T). Denervation also caused a decrease in the content of A 4 (P < 0.01) and T (P < 0.001) in the wall of follicles. Neurectomy resulted in a significant increase in the immunoexpression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 in the follicles and a decrease of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. After denervation, plasma levels of LH, P 4 , A 4 , T, oestrone and oestradiol-17β were lower (P < 0.05–0.001) on the particular days of the study than in the control group. Our data revealed that the denervation of ovaries during the middle luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in gilts caused distinct changes in both the morphology and the steroidogenic activity of the organ, confirming an important role of the peripheral nervous system in the control of the gonad in this species.

Secretion patterns of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and 17β-oestradiol during oestrus and the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun (Bos frontalis)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dhali ◽  
D. P. Mishra ◽  
M. Karunakaran ◽  
A. Mech ◽  
C. Rajkhowa
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Pulsatile Secretion ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The present study reports the pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) on the day of oestrus and at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun (Bos frontalis). The frequency of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) pulses was found to be greater (P < 0.05) on the day of oestrus than at the mid-luteal phase. In contrast, the amplitude of the LH and FSH pulses was greater (P < 0.01) at the mid-luteal phase than on the day of oestrus. A synchronised (P < 0.01) LH and FSH secretion pattern was found only at the mid-luteal phase. A pulsatile secretion pattern for OE2 in the peripheral circulation was evident for both phases of the oestrous cycle. The frequency of the OE2 pulses did not differ significantly in different phases of the oestrous cycle. In contrast, the amplitude of the OE2 pulses and the basal OE2 concentration were found to be greater (P < 0.01) at the mid-luteal phase than on the day of oestrus. A synchronised (P < 0.01) LH and OE2 secretion pattern was observed in both phases of the oestrous cycle. In contrast, a synchronised (P < 0.05) FSH and OE2 secretion pattern was found only on the day of oestrus. In conclusion, a different pattern of LH and FSH secretion was observed in both phases of the oestrous cycle, mainly on the day of oestrus, which indicates a differential regulatory mechanism of LH and FSH release. In addition, as in cattle, OE2 exerts a positive feedback on LH and FSH release on the day of oestrus and on LH release at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun. Also, as in cattle, the greater basal plasma OE2 concentration and increased amplitude of OE2 pulses exert a negative feedback on FSH release at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Profile of Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles across the Estrous Cycle in Cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gatien ◽  
Pascal Mermillod ◽  
Guillaume Tsikis ◽  
Ophélie Bernardi ◽  
Sarah Janati Idrissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) have been proposed as key modulators of gamete/embryo maternal interactions. The aim of this study was to examine the metabolite content of oEVs and its regulation across the estrous cycle in cattle. Oviductal EVs were isolated from bovine oviducts ipsilateral and contralateral to ovulation at four stages of the estrous cycle (post-ovulatory stage, early and late luteal phases, and pre-ovulatory stage). The metabolomic profiling of EVs was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). NMR identified 22 metabolites in oEVs, among which 15 were quantified. Lactate, myoinositol, and glycine were the most abundant metabolites throughout the estrous cycle. The side relative to ovulation had no effect on the oEVs’ metabolite concentrations. However, levels of glucose-1-phosphate and maltose were greatly affected by the cycle stage, showing up to 100-fold higher levels at the luteal phase than at the peri-ovulatory phases. In contrast, levels of methionine were significantly higher at peri-ovulatory phases than at the late-luteal phase. Quantitative enrichment analyses of oEV-metabolites across the cycle evidenced several significantly regulated metabolic pathways related to sucrose, glucose, and lactose metabolism. This study provides the first metabolomic characterization of oEVs, increasing our understanding of the potential role of oEVs in promoting fertilization and early embryo development.

THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSIAL STALK-SECTION ON THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE GUINEA-PIG

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOREEN V. ILLINGWORTH ◽  
J. S. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Luteal Regression ◽  
Normal Regression ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY The effects of hypophysial stalk-section on the growth and function of the corpus luteum of the non-pregnant guinea-pig have been compared with the effects of hypophysectomy (as previously described) and with the effects of prolactin administered to hypophysectomized animals. Stalk-section soon after ovulation did not impair the growth of the corpora lutea nor their ability to secrete progesterone. Stalk-section before day 9 of the oestrous cycle prevented the normal regression of the corpora lutea; they continued to grow and 3 weeks after ovulation were as large as those of pregnant animals, or of non-pregnant hysterectomized guinea-pigs. The corpora lutea regressed irregularly during the following 2 weeks. When performed on, or later than day 9, stalk-section did not prevent luteal regression at the normal time. Administration of prolactin (10 i.u./day) to hypophysectomized guinea-pigs restored the growth-rate of the corpora lutea, which reached sizes comparable to those of the normal cycle, and those of stalk-sectioned animals, by 10 days after ovulation. Our results indicate that prolactin can have substantial luteotrophic activity in the guinea-pig.

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