scholarly journals Prototype Spatio-temporal Predictive System of pest development of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. Afonin ◽  
B. Kopzhassarov ◽  
E. Milyutina ◽  
E. Kazakov ◽  
A. Sarbassova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

SummaryA prototype for pest development stages forecasting is developed in Kazakhstan exploiting data from the geoinformation technologies and using codling moth as a model pest in apples. The basic methodology involved operational thermal map retrieving based on MODIS land surface temperature products and weather stations data, their recalculation into accumulated degree days maps and then into maps of the phases of the codling moth population dynamics. The validation of the predicted dates of the development stages according to the in-situ data gathered in the apple orchards showed a good predictivity of the forecast maps. Predictivity of the prototype can be improved by using daily satellite sensor datasets and their calibration with data received from a network of weather stations installed in the orchards.

scholarly journals Disaggregation of SMAP Soil Moisture at 20 m Resolution: Validation and Sub-Field Scale Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Giovanni Paolini ◽  
Maria Jose Escorihuela ◽  
Joaquim Bellvert ◽  
Olivier Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This paper introduces a modified version of the DisPATCh (Disaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale Change) algorithm to disaggregate an SMAP surface soil moisture (SSM) product at a 20 m spatial resolution, through the use of sharpened Sentinel-3 land surface temperature (LST) data. Using sharpened LST as a high resolution proxy of SSM is a novel approach that needs to be validated and can be employed in a variety of applications that currently lack in a product with a similar high spatio-temporal resolution. The proposed high resolution SSM product was validated against available in situ data for two different fields, and it was also compared with two coarser DisPATCh products produced, disaggregating SMAP through the use of an LST at 1 km from Sentinel-3 and MODIS. From the correlation between in situ data and disaggregated SSM products, a general improvement was found in terms of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) for the proposed high resolution product with respect to the two products at 1 km. For the first field analyzed, R was equal to 0.47 when considering the 20 m product, an improvement compared to the 0.28 and 0.39 for the 1 km products. The improvement was especially noticeable during the summer season, in which it was only possible to successfully capture field-specific irrigation practices at the 20 m resolution. For the second field, R was 0.31 for the 20 m product, also an improvement compared to the 0.21 and 0.23 for the 1 km product. Additionally, the new product was able to depict SSM spatial variability at a sub-field scale and a validation analysis is also proposed at this scale. The main advantage of the proposed product is its very high spatio-temporal resolution, which opens up new opportunities to apply remotely sensed SSM data in disciplines that require fine spatial scales, such as agriculture and water management.

The limitations of in situ data for validating satellite-derived spatio-temporal ocean products.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Scarrott ◽  
Fiona Cawkwell ◽  
Mark Jessopp ◽  
Caroline Cusack
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Data Validation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Image Pixels

<p>The Ocean-surface Heterogeneity MApping (OHMA) algorithm is an objective, replicable approach to map the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of ocean surface waters. It is used to processes hypertemporal, satellite-derived data and produces a single-image surface heterogeneity (SH) dataset for the selected parameter of interest. The product separates regions of dissimilar temporal characteristics. Data validation is challenging because it requires In-situ observations at spatial and temporal resolutions comparable to the hyper-temporal inputs. Validating this spatio-temporal product highlighted the need to optimise existing vessel-based data collection efforts, to maximise exploitation of the rapidly-growing hyper-temporal data resource.</p><p>For this study, the SH was created using hyper-temporal 1km resolution satellite derived Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data acquired in 2011. Underway ship observations of near surface temperature collected on multiple scientific surveys off the Irish coast in 2011 were used to validate the results. The most suitable underway ship SST data were identified in ocean areas sampled multiple times and with representative measurements across all seasons.</p><p>A 3-stage bias reduction approach was applied to identify suitable ocean areas. The first bias reduction addressed temporal bias, i.e., the temporal spread of available In-situ ship transect data across each satellite image pixel. Only pixels for which In-situ data were obtained at least once in each season were selected; resulting in 14 SH image pixels deemed suitable out of a total of 3,677 SH image pixels with available In-situ data. The second bias reduction addressed spatial bias, to reduce the influence of over-sampled areas in an image pixel with a sub-pixel approach. Statistical dispersion measures and statistical shape measures were calculated for each of the sets of sub-pixel values. This gave heterogeneity estimates for each cruise transit of a pixel area. The third bias reduction addressed bias of temporally oversampled seasons. For each transit-derived heterogeneity measure, the values within each season were averaged, before the annual average value was derived across all four seasons in 2011.</p><p>Significant associations were identified between satellite SST-derived SH values, and In-situ heterogeneity measures related to shape; absolute skewness (Spearman’s Rank, n=14, ρ[12]= +0.5755, P<0.05), and kurtosis (Spearman’s Rank, n=14, ρ[12] = 0.5446, P < 0.05). These are a consequence of (i) locally-extreme measurements, and/or (ii) increased presence of sharp transitions detected spatially by In-situ data. However, the number and location of suitable In-situ validation sites precluded a robust validation of the SH dataset (14 pixels located in Irish waters, for a dataset spanning the North Atlantic). This requires more targeted data. The approach would have benefited from more samples over the winter season, which would have enabled more offshore validation sites to be incorporated into the analysis. This is a challenge that faces satellite product developers, who want to deliver spatio-temporal information to new markets. There is a significant opportunity for dedicated, transit-measured (e.g. Ferry box data), validation sites to be established. These could potentially synergise with key nodes in global shipping routes to maximise data collected by vessels of opportunity, and ensure consistent data are collected over the same area at regular intervals.</p>

Evaluating the potential of MODIS-LST for monitoring ground surface temperatures in the Maritime Antarctic (Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctic). 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Corbea-Pérez ◽  
Gonçalo Vieira ◽  
Carmen Recondo ◽  
Joana Baptista ◽  
Javier F.Calleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Barton Peninsula

<p>Land surface temperature is an important factor for permafrost modelling as well as for understanding the dynamics of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems (Bockheim et al. 2008). In the South Shetland Islands the distribution of permafrost is complex (Vieira et al. 2010) and the use of remote sensing data is essential since the installation and maintenance of an extensive network of ground-based stations are impossible. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the applicability of satellites and sensors by comparing data with in-situ observations. In this work, we present the results from the analysis of land surface temperatures from Barton Peninsula, an ice-free area in King George Island (South Shetlands). We have studied the period from March 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020 using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) and in-situ data from 6 ground temperature loggers. MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 products, from TERRA and AQUA satellites, respectively, were used, following the application of MODIS quality filters. Given the scarce number of high-quality data as defined by MODIS, all average LST with error ≤ 2K were included. Dates with surface temperature below -20ºC, which are rare in the study area, and dates when the difference between MODIS and in-situ data exceeded 10ºC were also examined. In both cases, those days on which MOD09GA/MYD09GA products showed cloud cover were eliminated. Eight in-situ ground temperature measurements per day were available, from which the one nearest to the time of satellite overpass was selected for comparison with MODIS-LST. The results obtained show a better correlation with daytime data than with nighttime data. Specifically, the best results are obtained with daytime data from AQUA (R<sup>2</sup> between 0.55 and 0.81). With daytime data, correlation between MODIS-LST and in-situ data was verified with relative humidity (RH) values provided by King Sejong weather station, located in the study area. When RH is lower, the correlation between LST and in-situ data improves: we obtained correlation coefficients between 0.6 - 0.7 for TERRA data and 0.8 - 0.9 for AQUA data with RH values lower than 80%. The results suggest that MODIS can be used for temperature estimation in the ice-free areas of the Maritime Antarctic.</p><p>References:</p><p>Bockheim, J. G., Campbell, I. B., Guglielmin, M., and López- Martınez, J.: Distribution of permafrost types and buried ice in ice free areas of Antarctica, in: 9th International Conference on Permafrost, 28 June–3 July 2008, Proceedings, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, USA, 2008, 125–130.</p><p>Vieira, G.; Bockheim, J.; Guglielmin, M.; Balks, M.; Abramov, A. A.; Boelhouwers, J.; Cannone, N.; Ganzert, L.; Gilichinsky, D. A.; Goryachkin, S.; López-Martínez, J.; Meiklejohn, I.; Raffi, R.; Ramos, M.; Schaefer, C.; Serrano, E.; Simas, F.; Sletten, R.; Wagner, D. Thermal State of Permafrost and Active-layer Monitoring in the Antarctic: Advances During the International Polar Year 2007-2009. Permafr. Periglac. Process. 2010, 21, 182–197.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgements</p><p>This work was made possible by an internship at the IGOT, University of Lisbon, Portugal, funded by the Principality of Asturias (code EB20-16).</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Collection-6 MODIS Land Surface Temperature Product Using Multi-Year Ground Measurements in an Arid Area of Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lu ◽  
Tingjun Zhang ◽  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Modis Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
In Situ Data

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) products are widely used in ecology, hydrology, vegetation monitoring, and global circulation models. Compared to the collection-5 (C5) LST products, the newly released collection-6 (C6) LST products have been refined over bare soil pixels. This study aims to evaluate the C6 MODIS 1-km LST product using multi-year in situ data covering barren surfaces. Evaluation using all in situ data shows that the MODIS C6 LSTs are underestimated with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.59 K for the site in the Gobi area, 3.05 K for the site in the sand desert area, and 2.86 K for the site in the desert steppe area at daytime. For nighttime LSTs, the RMSEs are 2.01 K, 2.88 K, and 1.80 K for the three sites, respectively. Both biases and RMSEs also show strong seasonal signals. Compared to the error of C5 1-km LSTs, the RMSE of C6 1-km LST product is smaller, especially for daytime LSTs, with a value of 2.24 K compared to 3.51 K. The large errors in the sand desert region are presumably due to the lack of global representativeness of the magnitude of emissivity adjustment and misclassification for the barren surface causing error in emissivities. It indicates that the accuracy of the MODIS C6 LST product might be further improved through emissivity adjustment with globally representative magnitude and accurate land cover classification. From this study, the MODIS C6 1-km LST product is recommended for applications.

CODLING MOTH: A PILOT PROGRAM OF CONTROL BY STERILE INSECT RELEASE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Proverbs ◽  
J. R. Newton ◽  
C. J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
Sterile Insect Release

AbstractCodling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), control by sterile insect release (SIR) was assessed in 320–526 ha of apples and pears in the Similkameen Valley, B.C., from 1976 to 1978. In preparation for SIR, the moth population was first reduced to low numbers by removal of neglected trees in 1972 and by chemical sprays in 1975. Sterile (35 krad) male and female moths were released in each orchard 2 or 3 times weekly from 1 May until early September. A total of 23,600 sterile moths/ha was released in 1976, 36,500 in 1977, and 31,800 in 1978. Populations of sterile (marked) and wild moths were monitored by sex pheromone traps, and damage was assessed by fruit examination at harvest. Control was very good except for a few orchards in which overwintered populations were too high to achieve adequate overflooding with sterile moths. Damage exceeded the economic threshold (0.5%) in only 1 of 86 treated orchards in 1976, in 6 of 193 orchards in 1977, and in 0 of 157 orchards in 1978. Results in 32 orchards showed that when wild populations are brought close to extinction all codling moth control measures can be omitted for 2 or more years depending on degree of orchard isolation. Omission of codling moth sprays from 1976 to 1978 did not result in any important change in population levels of other apple pests. Cost of control by SIR was ca. $225/ha per year vs. ca. $95 for chemical control.

scholarly journals Assessment of control strategies against Cydia pomonella (L.) in Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma El Iraqui ◽  
M’hamed Hmimina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Neonate Larvae

Abstract The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is the key pest of apple production worldwide. In Morocco, there is a sustainable presence of codling moth causing considerable damage in apple orchards despite frequent applications of broad spectrum insecticides. For 12 years, sexual trapping and chemical control were performed and the development of the codling moth population was analysed in an orchard which was in the region of Azrou. The efficacy of some insecticides (azinphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos-ethyl, diflubenzuron, thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, spinosad, and deltamethrin) was also evaluated on neonate larvae and compared with a laboratory sensitive strain. This procedure was done to assess an eventual resistance in Moroccan populations. The action threshold was usually exceeded, leading to an intensive chemical control, with an average frequency of 9 to 13 days. The chemical control was done according to the action persistence time of the insecticides and the trap captures. However, those two parameters are compromised in Moroccan conditions because of the high summer temperatures which disrupt the action of insecticides and exacerbate populations. The pheromone traps may become ineffective and useless. Neonate larvae were resistant to five insecticides out of seven. Such results suggest the presence of a cross resistance in local strains. Overall, the insect resistance, the functioning of the sexual traps, and some insecticides properties (persistence action, pre-harvest interval) are the key factors that could explain the failure to control these moths under Moroccan conditions.

scholarly journals GPCC's new land surface precipitation climatology based on quality-controlled in situ data and its role in quantifying the global water cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Schneider ◽  
Andreas Becker ◽  
Peter Finger ◽  
Anja Meyer-Christoffer ◽  
Markus Ziese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Climatology ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Global Water

scholarly journals Determination of land surface heat fluxes over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau by using the MODIS and in-situ data

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 19617-19638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ma ◽  
L. Zhong ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
W. Ma ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Plateau Area

Abstract. In this study, a parameterization methodology based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and in-situ data is proposed and tested for deriving the regional surface reflectance, surface temperature, net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux over heterogeneous landscape. As a case study, the methodology was applied to the Tibetan Plateau area. Four images of MODIS data (30 January 2007, 15 April 2007, 1 August 2007 and 25 October 2007) were used in this study for the comparison among winter, spring, summer and autumn. The derived results were also validated by using the "ground truth" measured in the stations of the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (TORP). The results show that the derived surface variables (surface reflectance and surface temperature) and surface heat fluxes (net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) in four different seasons over the Tibetan Plateau area are in good accordance with the land surface status. These parameters show a wide range due to the strong contrast of surface features over the Tibetan Plateau. Also, the estimated land surface variables and surface heat fluxes are in good agreement with the ground measurements, and all their absolute percent difference (APD) is less than 10 % in the validation sites. It is therefore concluded that the proposed methodology is successful for the retrieval of land surface variables and surface heat fluxes using the MODIS and in-situ data over the Tibetan Plateau area. The shortage and further improvement of the methodology were also discussed.

scholarly journals An update to the traditional water mass (trans)formation framework.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Piracha ◽  
Antonio Turiel ◽  
Estrella Olmedo ◽  
Marcos Portabella
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Water Mass Formation ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Ocean Convection

<p>Traditional estimates of convection/water mass formation at the sea surface rely on measurements of air-sea fluxes of heat and freshwater<br>(evaporation minus precipitation), that are estimated by combining in-situ data with meteorological modelisation. Satellite-based estimates of ocean convection are thus largely impacted by the relatively high uncertainties and low space-time resolution of those fluxes. However, direct satellite measurements of the ocean surface offer a unique opportunity to study convection (upwelling, downwelling) events with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution compared to in-situ measurements. In this work, we propose an alternative approach to the traditional framework for estimating ocean convection using satellites. Instead of combining high-resolution ocean data of sea surface temperature and salinity with the much less precise, less resolved air-sea interaction data, we estimate the air-sea fluxes by computing the material derivatives (using satellite ocean currents) of the satellite sea surface variables. We therefore obtain estimates at the same resolution of the satellite products, and with much better accuracy than what was estimated before. We present some examples of application in the Atlantic ocean and in the Mediterranean sea. Future directions of this work is the study of the seasonal and interannual variability of ocean convection, and the potential changes on deep convection associated to climate variability at different time scales.</p>

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