scholarly journals Changes in Floor Exercise Characteristics in World Elite Male Gymnasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Jonas Rohleder ◽  
Tobias Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Element Group ◽  
The World

AbstractIn artistic gymnastics, athletes need to compose their floor exercise routines in accordance with the Code of Points which is provided by the International Gymnastics Federation. In view of the latest rule modifications subsequent to the 2016 Olympic Games, this study investigates recent changes in judges’ scorings with respect to changes in the characteristics of floor exercise routines in world elite male gymnasts. Therefore, all floor exercise routines (n = 25) performed in the men’s floor exercise finals at the World Championships in 2013 (WC13), 2015 (WC15) and 2017 (WC17) were examined using video analysis. Gymnasts’ scores (difficulty, execution and final scores), element group distributions and further exercise characteristics (e.g., the total amount of somersaults, twists, and landing errors) were defined as variables. Decreases in difficulty and execution scores were revealed for WC17 compared to WC15 and WC13, respectively (p < .01). Additionally, a decrease in the number of backward jumped elements was observed at WC17 (p < .01), whereas the number of forward jumped elements increased (p < .01). Furthermore, a significantly increased number of landing errors (p < .05) negatively correlated with the decrease in execution (p < .001) and final scores (p < .05). To conclude, current compositional trends in men’s floor exercise encourage to include difficult forward jumps and multiple twisting connections in consideration of prudent teaching with respect to the gymnasts’ individual abilities and the decisive influence of stick landings.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF SPORTS EQUIPMENT AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING OF DIFFICULTY SCORE OF COMPETITIVE ROUTINES IN TRAMPOLINE GYMNASTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Kokhanska Sofiia
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The World ◽  
Difficulty Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Improvement ◽  
Historical Periods

Introduction.Trampoline gymnastics is a modern sport that has been included in the program of the Olympic Games since 2000. Constant improvement of the sports equipment, changes and innovations to the international rules of competitions ensure the continuous development of the sport and the wide world popularity of trampoline gymnastics. Aim is to acknowledge the relationship between the modernization of sports equipment and increasing of the difficulty score of competitive routines of athletes in trampoline gymnastics. Material and methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, retrospective analysis of protocols of international competitions, video analysis, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The conducted research allowed to determine the main models of trampolines used at the international competitions in different historical periods; video analysis revealed the basic elements which formed athletes' competitive routines in 1964-1972; retrospective analysis of protocols of international competitions permitted to calculate the average, maximum and minimum difficulty scores of competitive routines of leading athletes in trampoline gymnastics at the World Championships and the World Cups from 1972 to 2020 and identify the interconnection between modernization of the trampolines and increasing of the difficulty scores of competitive routines of trampoline athletes in different historical periods of the sport development. Conclusions. The led studies confirmed the interconnection between increasing of numbers of high difficult elements and difficulty scores of competitive routines of athletes and modernization of sports equipment in trampoline. According to the results of the research, the average difficulty score of competitive routines of qualified athletes raised from 0.2 to 0.5 points and maximum difficulty score from 0.1 to 0.7 points after introduction of each new model of trampoline.

Book Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Eduardo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
The Olympic Games

Evinç Doğan (2016). Image of Istanbul, Impact of ECoC 2010 on The City Image. London: Transnational Press London. [222 pp, RRP: £18.75, ISBN: 978-1-910781-22-7]The idea of discovering or creating a form of uniqueness to differentiate a place from others is clearly attractive. In this regard, and in line with Ashworth (2009), three urban planning instruments are widely used throughout the world as a means of boosting a city’s image: (i) personality association - where places associate themselves with a named individual from history, literature, the arts, politics, entertainment, sport or even mythology; (ii) the visual qualities of buildings and urban design, which include flagship building, signature urban design and even signature districts and (iii) event hallmarking - where places organize events, usually cultural (e.g., European Capital of Culture, henceforth referred to as ECoC) or sporting (e.g., the Olympic Games), in order to obtain worldwide recognition. 

scholarly journals Emancipating the Image: The Beijing Olympics, Regeneration, and the Power of Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Mei Barker
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Beijing Olympics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Susan Sontag ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rapid Transformation

“In China, what makes an image true is that it is good for people to see it.” - Susan Sontag, On Photography, 1971 The Olympic Games gave the world an opportunity to read Beijing’s powerful image-text following thirty years of rapid transformation. David Harvey argues that this transformation has turned Beijing from “a closed backwater, to an open centre of capitalist dynamism.” However, in the creation of this image-text, another subtler and altogether very different image-text has been deliberately erased from the public gaze. This more concealed image-text offers a significant counter narrative on the city’s public image and criticises the simulacrum constructed for the 2008 Olympics, both implicitly and explicitly. It is the ‘everyday’ image-text of a disappearing city still in the process of being bulldozed to make way for the neoliberal world’s next megalopolis. It exists most prominently as a filmic image text; in film documentaries about a ‘real’ hidden Beijing just below the surface of the government sponsored ‘optical artefact.’ Film has thus become a key medium through which to understand and preserve a physical city on the verge of erasure.

Are the World Junior Championship Finalists for Middle- and Long-Distance Events Currently Competing at International Level?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Pizzuto ◽  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Gialunca Vernillo ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Association ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

Purpose:To analyze how many finalists of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Junior Championships (WJCs) in the middle- and long-distance track events had dropped out from high-level competitions.Methods:Starting from 2002, the 8 male and the 8 female finalists in the middle- and long-distance events of 6 editions of the WJC were followed until 2015 to evaluate how many missed the IAAF rankings for 2 consecutive years starting from the year after WJC participation. For those still competing at elite level, their careers were monitored.Results:In 2015, 61% of the 2002, 54.8% of the 2004, 48.3% of the 2006, 37.5% of the 2008, 26.2% of the 2010, and 29% of the 2012 WJC finalists were not present in the IAAF rankings. Of the 368 athletes considered, 75 (20.4%) were able to achieve the IAAF top 10 in 2.4 ± 2.2 y. There is evidence of relationships between dropout and gender (P = .040), WJC edition (P = .000), and nationality (P = .010) and between the possibility to achieve the IAAF top 10 and dropout (P = .000), continent (P = .001), relative age effect (P = .000), and quartile of birth (P = .050).Conclusions:Even if 23 of the finalists won a medal at the Olympic Games or at the World Championships, it is still not clear if participation at the WJC is a prerequisite to success at a senior level.

scholarly journals Performance of the national fencing team of Ukraine at the XXXII Olympic Games and the prospects of its performance at the next Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Olga Kuvaldina ◽  
Volodymyr Driukov
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
National Team ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sports Statistics ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
The Olympic Games

Analysis of Ukrainian athletes’ results at the XXXII Olympiad Games allows pointing out the factors of the weak performance of Ukrainian athletes in women's individual saber and epee competitions, as well as men's team epee competitions, despite the possibility of winning medals in these sports events according to many analysts including those of Infostrada Sports and other sports statistics experts. These, in our opinion, include an unsatisfactory level of efficiency of the process of reaching the peak of readiness for the Olympic Games; lack of psychological stability of athletes at the competitions; weak tactical preparation of some athletes. Based on the performances of athletes of the Ukrainian fencing team in Tokyo, a conclusion was made about the unsatisfactory level of athletes’ preparation for the XXXII Olympic Games. Only 20% of the national team members were able to realize their potential at the XXXII Olympic Games. The dynamics of the athletes’ results at the World Championships 2017 – 2019 indicates the need to use in the new Olympic cycle the planning, which is focused on our athletes reaching the peak of readiness for the Olympics: at first, the training should be aimed at the maximum stimulation of the growth of sportsmanship, whereas at the final stage it should be focused on its realization in the major competitions. It is shown that despite the unsuccessful performance of the Ukrainian fencing team in the Olympic Tokyo, this type of martial arts has significant potential for improving sports achievements at the XXXIII Olympic Games 2024 in Paris. It is noted that in the new Olympic cycle it is of crucial importance to identify candidates for the XXXIII Olympic Games as soon as possible and to create all the conditions for their full-fledged preparation. Thus, to ensure further winning medal places at the Olympic Games, it is necessary to improve the system of sports training in the Olympic cycle, which envisages participation in numerous competitions during the year to achieve a high level of readiness in the major competitions of triennial – the Olympic Games.

scholarly journals A Study on Development of the Casino Industry for the 21st Century

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Boo-Pil Kang
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Casino Industry ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
Balance Position ◽  
The World ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
The Government

The tourism industry has greatly contributed to the strengthening of the trade balance position of Korea as much as the export industry itself ever since 1975 when the former was designated as one of Korea's main strategic industries. However, the tourism industry, which registered the highest surplus of US 2,000 million in 1988, the year Korea hosted the Olympic Games, has declined since 1989 when the overseas travel of Koreans was completely liberalized. In 1992, the tourism industry showed a deficit of US$ 360 million. It is anticipated that the deficit in the tourism industry will further increase. To cope with the threatened decline in the revenue of the tourism industry, the government has been contemplating special measures to boost Korea's share in the world tourism market of US$ 230 billion per year.

Tourism at the Olympic Games: visiting the world

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Ploner ◽  
Mike Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
The World ◽  
The Olympic Games

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS FINALISTS AT THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP UNEVEN BARS 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Larisa Saveleva ◽  
Botova
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
World Championship ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Instructional Literature ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Experts in artistic gymnastics are constantly analyzing the outcomes of the gymnasts' performance at world and continental championships. However, the analyses cover only the assessment of the final scores of athletes and their ranks. There is a lack of research focused on the structure of routines and components of the scores obtained for the performance of combinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of competitive programs performed by the finalists of the World Championship Uneven Bars 2019 and to identify areas for the exercise development in this kind of all-around events on the eve of the Olympic Games. Methods and organization of the research: we carried out the analysis of video materials of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), the analysis of the competition rules for the current Olympic cycle, additional newsletters, and scientific instructional literature. We used an expert assessment method to identify the components of competitive combinations. Research results. The study determined quantitative indicators of the content of gymnast combinations on uneven bars (the number and difficulty groups of elements, including jumps and dismounts, modal and frequently performed elements, connection value bonus). We have revealed the trend for reduction of the total number of elements of competitive routines. It occurs due to reduction of the number of binders (“dilution”) elements, reduction of the number of elements of difficulty groups below 0.4 points, and increasing number of flight elements performed in a “cascade” way. We have revealed the trend for the use of elements of F (0.6 points) and G (0.7 points) difficulty groups in competitive combinations of the strongest gymnasts, which characterizes a significant increase in the coordination complexity of the programs and increases the requirements for the training of gymnasts. Conclusion. The research outcomes can provide the basis for predicting competitive programs on uneven bars at the upcoming Olympic Games, making amendments to the system of training gymnasts and the content of combinations to increase competitiveness at major international competitions, as well as making competition rules proposals for the next Olympic cycle.

“Literary Influences”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel García Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Latin American ◽  
William Faulkner ◽  
Gabriel Garcia Marquez ◽  
The South ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Influences

This chapter presents an interview with Gabriel García Márquez, who talks about his literary influences, including William Faulkner. García Márquez cites Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis as the fundamental influence on his writing. A decisive influence on him, according to García Márquez, is Oedipus Rex. He also discusses Faulkner's influence on him, claiming that they share similar experiences. In particular, García Márquez reveals that Faulkner's whole world—the world of the South which he writes about—was very like his world, that it was created by the same people. He also cites the fact that Faulkner is in a way a Latin American writer whose world is that of the Gulf of Mexico.

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