Relationship between Trace Element in Tumor and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to observe the relationship between trace element concentrations in lung tissue from lung non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients and prognosis. Materials and Methods: The concentrations of various trace elements in the lung tissues were measured by a particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) system, and the results were analyzed for statistical significance. Eight essential trace elements, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo, were analyzed. We investigated the relationship between trace element concentrations and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. Results: A total of 129 NSCLC patients and 20 control patients were included in this study. As for DFS, Co was the only element that showed a significant difference, and the high Co group had better DFS (HR: 0.352, 95% CI = 0.128–0.97). No significant difference was observed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Se, or Mo, but DFS tended to be better in the high trace element group. No significant difference was observed for Cu and Zn, but DFS tended to be good in the low trace element group. As for OS, Cr was the only element that showed a significant difference, and the high Cr element group had better OS (HR: 0.477, 95% CI = 0.128–0.97). Conclusions: This study suggests that the prognosis is good in lung cancer cases with high intratumoral concentrations of Co and Cr. The dynamics of trace elements in body and in tumor tissue have not been well established, and we consider that more research is necessary in the future.

Exfoliation Energy as a Descriptor of MXenes Synthesizability and Surface Chemical Activity

MXenes are two-dimensional nanomaterials isolated from MAX phases by selective extraction of the A component—a p-block element. The MAX exfoliation energy, Eexf, is considered a chemical descriptor of the MXene synthesizability. Here, we show, by density functional theory (DFT) estimations of Eexf values for 486 different MAX phases, that Eexf decreases (i) when MAX is a nitride, (ii) when going along a metal M component d series, (iii) when going down a p-block A element group, and (iv) when having thicker MXenes. Furthermore, Eexf is found to bias, even to govern, the surface chemical activity, evaluated here on the CO2 adsorption strength, so that more unstable MXenes, displaying larger Eexf values, display a stronger attachment of species upon.

Changes in Floor Exercise Characteristics in World Elite Male Gymnasts

In artistic gymnastics, athletes need to compose their floor exercise routines in accordance with the Code of Points which is provided by the International Gymnastics Federation. In view of the latest rule modifications subsequent to the 2016 Olympic Games, this study investigates recent changes in judges’ scorings with respect to changes in the characteristics of floor exercise routines in world elite male gymnasts. Therefore, all floor exercise routines (n = 25) performed in the men’s floor exercise finals at the World Championships in 2013 (WC13), 2015 (WC15) and 2017 (WC17) were examined using video analysis. Gymnasts’ scores (difficulty, execution and final scores), element group distributions and further exercise characteristics (e.g., the total amount of somersaults, twists, and landing errors) were defined as variables. Decreases in difficulty and execution scores were revealed for WC17 compared to WC15 and WC13, respectively (p < .01). Additionally, a decrease in the number of backward jumped elements was observed at WC17 (p < .01), whereas the number of forward jumped elements increased (p < .01). Furthermore, a significantly increased number of landing errors (p < .05) negatively correlated with the decrease in execution (p < .001) and final scores (p < .05). To conclude, current compositional trends in men’s floor exercise encourage to include difficult forward jumps and multiple twisting connections in consideration of prudent teaching with respect to the gymnasts’ individual abilities and the decisive influence of stick landings.

Transformation Properties under the Operations of the Molecular Symmetry Groups G36 and G36(EM) of Ethane H3CCH3

In the present work, we report a detailed description of the symmetry propertiesof the eight-atomic molecule ethane, with the aim of facilitating the variational calculations ofrotation-vibration spectra of ethane and related molecules. Ethane consists of two methyl groupsCH3 where the internal rotation (torsion) of one CH3 group relative to the other is of large amplitudeand involves tunnelling between multiple minima of the potential energy function. The molecularsymmetry group of ethane is the 36-element group G36, but the construction of symmetrised basisfunctions is most conveniently done in terms of the 72-element extended molecular symmetrygroup G36(EM). This group can subsequently be used in the construction of block-diagonal matrixrepresentations of the ro-vibrational Hamiltonian for ethane. The derived transformation matricesassociated with G36(EM) have been implemented in the variational nuclear motion program TROVE(Theoretical ROVibrational Energies). TROVE variational calculations are used as a practical exampleof a G36(EM) symmetry adaptation for large systems with a non-rigid, torsional degree of freedom.We present the derivation of irreducible transformation matrices for all 36 (72) operations of G36(M)(G36(EM)) and also describe algorithms for a numerical construction of these matrices based on aset of four (five) generators. The methodology presented is illustrated on the construction of thesymmetry-adapted representations both of the potential energy function of ethane and of the rotation,torsion and vibration basis set functions.

A Mathematical Bibliography of Signed and Gain Graphs and Allied Areas

A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labeled by signs. This is a bibliography of signed graphs and related mathematics.Several kinds of labelled graph have been called "signed" yet are mathematically very different. I distinguish four types:Group-signed graphs: the edge labels are elements of a 2-element group and are multiplied around a polygon (or along any walk). Among the natural generalizations are larger groups and vertex signs.Sign-colored graphs, in which the edges are labelled from a two-element set that is acted upon by the sign group: - interchanges labels, + leaves them unchanged. This is the kind of "signed graph" found in knot theory. The natural generalization is to more colors and more general groups — or no group.Weighted graphs, in which the edge labels are the elements +1 and -1 of the integers or another additive domain. Weights behave like numbers, not signs; thus I regard work on weighted graphs as outside the scope of the bibliography — except (to some extent) when the author calls the weights "signs".Labelled graphs where the labels have no structure or properties but are called "signs" for any or no reason.

Some approaches to classification of citation (on the archaeological materials)

An attempt is made to construct a system classification of differentiated quotations based on the theory of fractals. The essence of the method is the construction of fragments, each based on a universal classification model. It involves the use of dialectic laws to identify systemic links between concepts. In this case, the content of the model itself is revealed through six consecutive conceptual formations, starting with the basic concept and resulting in a five-element group. Such fragments have five system properties: unambiguousness, coordinate cartography, sub-fullness, systemic historicity and predictability. The most important advantage of this approach is that the quality of citation is in direct connection with the scientific level of the reference publication, which makes it possible to measure the quality and tightness of the links between scientific schools and the characteristics of the so-called “invisible” colleges.

Teknologi Tepat Guna Membangun Kecintaan dan Kebanggaan Pada Kearifan Lokal Bahasa Sunda

ABSTRAKSebagai salah satu dari tujuh unsur budaya versi Koentjaraningrat bahasa merupakan unsur yang melekat pada diri setiap warga masyarakat dan menjadi salah satu pencirikelompoknya. Bahasa Sunda seyogyanya tampil dalam keseharian masyarakat Sunda, khususnya dalam pendidikan nonformal dan informal. Dengan demikian kearifan lokal tersebut akan terlindungi dari ancaman „pemarjinalan“.Penelitian yang dilakukan di kecamatan Pangalengan, Banjaran danCicalengka di kabupaten Bandungmembuahkan hasil yang cukup mengejutkan. Babasan, paribasa dan aksara Sunda (baca: Kaganga) nyaris tidak dikenal di kalangan masyarakatnya. Meskipun bahasa Sunda digunakan sebagai sarana komunikasi, namun nilai-nilai budaya yang terkandung di dalamnya tidak tereksplor dengan baik. Melalui teknologi tepat guna berupa kartu „Opat Kalima Pancer“ dan fesyen populer bernuansa kearifan lokal diharapkan kecintaan dan kebanggan warga terhadap nilai-nilai budaya Sunda berbasis bahasa dapat ditumbuhkan.Kata kunci: unsur budaya, penciri kelompok, nyaris hilang, teknologi tepat guna, kecintaan ABSTRACTAs one of seven cultures that according to Koentjaraningrat, language is an element which is inherent for every member of society. It also becomes one of the group identifier. Sundanese should appear in everyday life of Sundanese people, especially in non-formal and informal education. Therefore, the local knowledge will be protected from the threat of “marginality“.The research that located in the dictrict of Pangalengan, Banjaran, and Cicalengka, in Bandung regency obtained results that were quite startling. Babasan, paribasa and Sundanese script (read: Kaganga) are barely known among the people. Although Sundanese used as means of communication, but cultural values that contain in them does not discover properly. Through appropiate technology in the form of kartu opat kalima pancer and popular fashion that nuanced local knowledge are expected people’s devotion and pride towards Sundanese cultural values in the basis of language can be grown.Keywords: cultural element, group identifier, narrowly missing, appropiate technology, devotion