Models of pressure compaction and their application for wheat meal

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Skonecki ◽  
Ryszard Kulig ◽  
Grzegorz Łysiak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Abstract Processes of compaction of granular materials were described using selected models. The analysis of their accuracy on the example of wheat was the basis for the discussion on their applicability to the processing of plant-origin materials. Parameters of the model equations for wheat, compressed at 10-18% moisture content were calculated, and the relations between these parameters and wheat moisture were determined. It was found that the analyzed models described the pressure compaction of granular plant material with different accuracy, and were highly dependent on moisture. The study also indicated that the model of Ferrero et al. fits the experimental results well. The parameters of this model reflected very well the physical phenomena which occur during compression.

Effect of Ginkgo Protein on Moisture Content and Hardness of Bread

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Xiao Fei Sun ◽  
Yu Hui Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Water Soluble Protein

Ginkgo seeds were selected and used as experimental material to study protein compositions in ginkgo protein. Ginkgo protein was used as accessory to be added into flour to make bread. Effect of ginkgo protein on moisture content and hardness of bread were investigated. Experimental results showed that ginkgo protein contained water-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein which was 85.28 percents in total protein and contained small amounts of prolamin and alkali-soluble protein. The bread added with different ratios of ginkgo protein had higher moisture content and lower hardness. Therefore, adding appropriate amount of ginkgo protein could improve bread baking performances and bread shelf life.

scholarly journals Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Radon Exhalation from Porous Media: An Experimental Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3005
Author(s):  
Ling-feng Xie ◽  
Shu-liang Zou ◽  
Xiang-yang Li ◽  
Chang-shou Hong ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation

Radon is internationally recognized as one of the seven seismic precursors. A self-assembly ultrasonic generator and experimental apparatus for radon measurement were utilized to explore the radon exhalation regularities of water-bearing porous media under different ultrasonic intensities. The experimental results showed that there was a coupling relationship among radon exhalation rate, moisture content, and ultrasonic frequency. With the increase of the frequency of the ultrasonic wave, its effect on the promotion of radon exhalation rate was found to be a more obviously positive linear correlation. The radon exhalation rate, which could climb to a maximum value of 0.179 Bq·m−2·s−1 in a naturally air-dried sample, increased at first and then decreased along with increased moisture content. Moreover, this study found that the ultrasonic wave had the most remarkable promoting effects on the radon exhalation rate of porous media with high moisture content, and there is a positive linear correlation between the growth rate of the radon exhalation rate and moisture content. The experimental results could provide a beneficial reference for the continual monitoring of radon in a seismically active belt and an explanation of radon anomalies; however, the proposed experimental model was simplified, so further insights are strictly required for a reliable correlation with the real monitoring of radon in a seismically active belt.

scholarly journals Identification of heat and mass transfer processes in bread during baking

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Zheleva ◽  
Vesselka Kambourova
Keyword(s):  
Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Partial Differential ◽  
Linear Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Simultaneous Heat

A mathematical model representing temperature and moisture content in bread during baking is developed. The model employs the coupled partial differential equations proposed by Luikov. Dependences of mass and thermal properties of dough on temperature and moisture content are included in the model. Resulting system of non-linear partial differential equations in time and one space dimension is reduced to algebraic system by applying a finite difference numerical method. A numerical solution of the model equations is obtained and simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in dough during baking is predicted. The changes of temperature and moisture content during the time of the process are graphically presented and commented.

Free Energy of Granular Materials in Static Equilibrium

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahinpoor ◽  
G. Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Gravitational Effect ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
The Continuum

We employ the continuum theory of granular materials due to Goodman and Cowin and some experimental results due to P. G. Nutting to arrive at a functional from for the free energy of granular materials in static equilibrium. The results obtained indicate the dominance of gravitational effect, modify and enlarge the results previously obtained by J. T. Jenkins.

scholarly journals Influence of moisture content on pressure ratio of rape seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rusinek ◽  
J. Łukaszuk
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Vertical Pressure ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Passive Stress

The pressure ratio of rape seeds was determined for four levels of moisture content in a model silo. The silo was 0.6 m in diameter and 0.6 m high. Ratio of horizontal to vertical pressure and distributions of local horizontal to vertical pressure along the radius of the floor in the model silo were determined for cycles of loading and unloading simulated conditions observed in a silo (in a range of 0–13 kPa). The sample was poured into the model silo through centrally located spout, without vibration or other compacting actions. The pressure ratio rape seeds generally decreased with an increase in moisture content. Experimental results were compared with simplified approximation recommended by the Eurocode 1 (2003) and theoretical values obtained for active and passive stress case.

Effect of Moisture Absorption on the Bending Strength of CFRP

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ying Zhang ◽  
Di Hong Li ◽  
Dong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Damage Propagation ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

The effects of moisture content on the bending strength of T300/914 composite laminates that immersed in water for 7 days and 14 days was discussed in this paper. The three-point bending tests were conducted on the composite laminates. Experimental results reveal that the moisture content in the laminates increased with immersion time and that moisture absorption accelerated damage propagation in the composite laminates. The bending strength of the unaged, aged specimens were characterized and analyzed. Compared to the unaged specimens, the bending strength of the composite laminates immersed for 7 and 14 days decreased by 6.62% and 16.98%, respectively. The results revealed that the bending strength of the aged specimens decreased with the increasing immersion time.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF GRANULAR PLANT MATERIALS ON EXTERNAL FRICTION

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Artur WÓJCIK ◽  
Jarosław FRĄCZEK
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
External Friction ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Model Of Friction

The results of studies on external friction concerning granular plant materials that include, among others, grains, seeds of various plants, and powdered plant material, have been applied to the design of machines and devices for transport, sorting, cleaning, and blending. A separate and equally important matter is the storage of these materials in silos. The article presents the influence the surface topography of selected granular materials has upon the force of external friction. The research was performed with a specially designed adapter attached to the testing machine MTS, which is used to determine the external friction force of granular materials rubbing against various surfaces in a function of displacement. To define the topography of the external surface, a 3D scanner and specialized software were used. The authors have attempted to develop a model of friction taking into account the topography of the surface.

Measurement and Characterization of the Moisture-Induced Properties of ACF Package

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Young Yoon ◽  
Ilho Kim ◽  
Soon-Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Swelling Coefficient

This study is to observe the exact behavior of anisotropic conductive adhesion (ACF) package under humid environments by obtaining the moisture-induced properties such as diffusion coefficient (the rate of moisture movement into the materials), saturated moisture content (the maximum absorbed quantity), and swelling coefficient (length change due to the chemical interaction). So the experiments were performed to get the moisture-induced properties of ACF and FR4 using newly developed method at various temperature and relative humidity conditions. Experimental results showed that the diffusion coefficient of ACF and FR4 follows Arrhenius’ equation very well, and the saturated moisture content of them follows Henry’s law, which means linear relationship between saturated moisture content and relative humidity, but the saturated moisture content of ACF is influenced by temperature as well as relative humidity. And the swelling coefficient of ACF and FR4 increases with temperature. Especially in the case of ACF, it shows the dramatic degradation due to Tg (glass transition temperature) at nearby 85°C. Finally, as using these experimental results, the behavior of the ACF package under humid environment is predicted through finite element simulation. When wetness defined by moisture content over saturated moisture content changes from 0 to 0.9, the center of the ACF package is subject to compression and the edge of the ACF package is subject to tension in the case of transient state. After all, because the edge of the ACF package is very weak due to bending moment, the failure is easy to occur under humid environment.

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