Analysing 21st century meteorological and hydrological drought events in Slovakia

Abstract Several quite severe droughts occurred in Europe in the 21st century; three of them (2003, 2012 and 2015) hit also Slovakia. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were used for assessment of meteorological drought occurrence. The research was established on discharge time series representing twelve river basins in Slovakia within the period 1981–2015. Sequent Peak Algorithm method based on fixed threshold, three parametric Weibull and generalized extreme values distribution GEV, factor and multiple regression analyses were employed to evaluate occurrence and parameters of hydrological drought in 2003, 2011–2012 and 2015, and the relationship among the water balance components. Results showed that drought parameters in evaluated river basins of Slovakia differed in respective years, most of the basins suffered more by 2003 and 2012 drought than by the 2015 one. Water balance components analysis for the entire period 1931–2016 showed that because of continuously increasing air temperature and balance evapotranspiration there is a decrease of runoff in the Slovak territory.

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Application of the Hidden Markov Bayesian Classifier and Propagation Concept for Probabilistic Assessment of Meteorological and Hydrological Droughts in South Korea

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11091000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1000

Author(s):

Muhammad Nouman Sattar ◽

Muhammad Jehanzaib ◽

Ji Eun Kim ◽

Hyun-Han Kwon ◽

Tae-Woong Kim

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Bayesian Classifier ◽

Hydrological Drought ◽

Data Availability ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Hydrological Droughts ◽

Drought Classes

Drought is one of the most destructive natural hazards and results in negative effects on the environment, agriculture, economics, and society. A meteorological drought originates from atmospheric components, while a hydrological drought is influenced by properties of the hydrological cycle and generally induced by a continuous meteorological drought. Several studies have attempted to explain the cross dependencies between meteorological and hydrological droughts. However, these previous studies did not consider the propagation of drought classes. Therefore, in this study, to consider the drought propagation concept and to probabilistically assess the meteorological and hydrological drought classes, characterized by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), respectively, we employed the Markov Bayesian Classifier (MBC) model that combines the procedure of iteration of feature extraction, classification, and application for assessment of drought classes for both SPI and SRI. The classification results were compared using the observed SPI and SRI, as well as with previous findings, which demonstrated that the MBC was able to reasonably determine drought classes. The accuracy of the MBC model in predicting all the classes of meteorological drought varies from 36 to 76% and in predicting all the classes of hydrological drought varies from 33 to 70%. The advantage of the MBC-based classification is that it considers drought propagation, which is very useful for planning, monitoring, and mitigation of hydrological drought in areas having problems related to hydrological data availability.

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Relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts in the upstream regions of the Lancang–Mekong River

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2021.445 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiqiu Li ◽

Yinfei Wang ◽

Yungang Li ◽

Wenting Ming ◽

Yunshu Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Scale ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Mekong River ◽

Propagation Time ◽

Wet Season ◽

Evolution Characteristics ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Information on the relationship between meteorological drought (MD) and hydrological drought (HD) can serve as the basis for early warning and mitigation of HD. In this study, the standardized precipitation index and standardized streamflow index were applied to characterize MD and HD, respectively, and the evolution characteristics of MD and HD were assessed in the upstream regions of the Lancang–Mekong River (ULMR) from 1961 to 2015. Furthermore, the relationship between MD and HD was investigated using the Pearson correlation and wavelet analysis. The results revealed that (1) there was no significant change in the annual precipitation and streamflow; however, the ULMR experienced successive alternations of wet and dry episodes; (2) the average duration and magnitude of MD and HD increased with an increase in the time scale, while the duration and magnitude of MD lengthened and amplified in HD; (3) MD more likely propagated to HD as the time scale increased, and the propagation time exhibited marked seasonality, which was shorter in the wet season and longer in the dry season; and (4) there was a positive correlation between MD and HD; these two types of drought exhibited similar resonance frequency and phase-shift characteristics, and HD lagged behind MD.

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Study of meteorological drought and its impact on rainfed paddy productivity in Gunungkidul Regency

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132501017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 325 ◽

pp. 01017

Author(s):

Qooi Insanu Putra ◽

Emilya Nurjani

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Rice Production ◽

The Other ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Special Region

Gunungkidul Regency is known as an area that often experiences drought. On the other hand, Gunungkidul Regency is also the regency with the highest amount of rice production in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Rainfed paddy farming is the most widely developed type of paddy in Gunungkidul Regency where irrigation needs are determined by rainfall. Decreased rainfall that triggers meteorological drought can disrupt rainfed-based agriculture. This study aims to analyze the distribution of meteorological drought and analyze the impact of meteorological drought on rainfed paddy productivity in Gunungkidul Regency during the period 2001 – 2019. Meteorological drought identification was carried out using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Results of the SPI classification was mapped using Spline-Tension interpolation for spatial analysis of the distribution of meteorological drought. Spatial analysis and comparison graphs were used to analyze the relationship between drought and rainfed paddy productivity. The widest meteorological drought in Gunungkidul Regency occurred in November 2006. The highest frequency of drought events occurred in Paliyan Sub-district for 50 months while the lowest occurred in Ponjong Sub-district for 30 months. Most sub-districts in Gunungkidul Regency have a positive relationship between meteorological drought. Most of rainfed paddy productivity decreased when El Nino occurred.

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Meteorological and hydrological drought from 1987 to 2017 in Doce River Basin, Southeastern Brazil

RBRH ◽

10.1590/2318-0331.252020190181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elaisa Teixeira de Jesus ◽

Jhones da Silva Amorim ◽

Rubens Junqueira ◽

Marcelo Ribeiro Viola ◽

Carlos Rogério de Mello

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Hydrological Drought ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Historical Series ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Doce River

ABSTRACT Meteorological drought is a natural hazard characterized as below-average precipitation from expected or normal that can affect various economic sectors, and lead to period with inadequate streamflow for established uses of the water (hydrological drought). We aimed to apply the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) to identify the occurrence and the intensity of droughts in Doce River Basin (DRB), Southeastern Brazil. For this purpose, 71 rain gauge stations and one streamflow station were selected with 30-year monthly historical series (1987 to 2017). The SPI and SSI were calculated for the hydrological year (October-September) and the seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter). SPI mapping was performed by geostatistical procedures. Pearson's coefficient was calculated to analyze the influence of meteorological on hydrological drought. The main meteorological drought events, observed in the hydrological years of 1994/95, 2000/01, and a recent and consecutive period of four hydrological years (2013-2017), were mainly influenced by events in spring and summer and, to a lesser extent, in fall. It was observed the influence of the meteorological drought on the hydrological drought on an annual and seasonal scale, except winter, where low precipitation does not influence in the streamflow.

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Analysis of Precipitation and Streamflow Data for Drought Assessment in an Unregulated Watershed

Environment and Natural Resources Journal ◽

10.32526/ennrj/19/2020202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 18-27

Author(s):

Worapong Lohpaisankrit ◽

◽

Jessada Techamahasaranont ◽

Keyword(s):

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Hydrological Drought ◽

Drought Indices ◽

Drought Assessment ◽

Streamflow Data ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Increasing Trends ◽

Hydrological Droughts

Predicting drought occurrence accurately still remains a challenging task. To fill research gaps, this study identified and analysed meteorological and hydrological droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), respectively, in the upper Lam Pao watershed in Thailand. The study also focused on investigating the relationships between both droughts. The SPI and SDI were computed based on observed long-term precipitation and streamflow data during the period of 1988-2017. The drought analysis was carried out by using the R packages. The location, period and severity level of drought events were graphically presented. On the basis of trend analysis, the SPI series showed slightly increasing trends, whereas no trend was found for the SDI series. This implied that the hydrological drought was influenced by not only precipitation but also other factors. The key findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts. In addition, there was a specific lag time, which may depend on physical characteristics of a basin, in drought propagating from meteorological drought to hydrological drought. Overall, the drought indices can help to predict hydrological drought events, which could be valuable information for drought monitoring and early warning systems.

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Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Analysis and Its Impact on Water Quality and Stream Integrity

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8175

Author(s):

Subhasis Giri ◽

Ashok Mishra ◽

Zhen Zhang ◽

Richard G. Lathrop ◽

Ali O. Alnahit

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Quality ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Hydrological Drought ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Drought Indices ◽

Western Side ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index

Rising temperature and shifting precipitation patterns due to climate change are likely to intensify droughts throughout the world. Understanding the drought characteristics of possible future scenarios under climate change requires verification of past drought events using appropriate drought indices. Consequently, this study investigates the application of two widely used drought indices, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized streamflow index (SSI), to characterize historical droughts, drought trends, and their impact on water quality and stream integrity for a selected study basin in New Jersey. Results indicated that both SPI and SSI were able to identify historical drought events, including three drought emergency periods and the most recent drought-watch periods. A significant positive meteorological drought was observed at the western side of the basin, whilst a significant positive hydrological drought was found in the eastern side. The average pollutant concentration of drought periods were lesser than non-drought periods due to reduction of different processes, such as erosion and transport of sediment and nutrients into rivers and streams, during drought periods as opposed to non-drought periods. The findings from this study will serve to bolster the ongoing efforts to formulate better drought management strategies for future climate change in the Raritan Basin.

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Developing Objective Operational Definitions for Monitoring Drought

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/2009jamc2088.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 1217-1229 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Steven M. Quiring

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Severity Index ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Drought Severity ◽

Specific Method ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Spatially Variant ◽

Objective Methodology

Abstract Drought is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to accurately describe because its definition is both spatially variant and context dependent. Decision makers in local, state, and federal agencies commonly use operational drought definitions that are based on specific drought index thresholds to trigger water conservation measures and determine levels of drought assistance. Unfortunately, many state drought plans utilize operational drought definitions that are derived subjectively and therefore may not be appropriate for triggering drought responses. This paper presents an objective methodology for establishing operational drought definitions. The advantages of this methodology are demonstrated by calculating meteorological drought thresholds for the Palmer drought severity index, the standardized precipitation index, and percent of normal precipitation using both station and climate division data from Texas. Results indicate that using subjectively derived operational drought definitions may lead to over- or underestimating true drought severity. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use an objective location-specific method for defining operational drought thresholds.

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