scholarly journals Effect of the choice of different methods on the permeable pavement hydraulic characterization and hydrological classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-346
Author(s):  
Larissa Virgínia da Silva Ribas ◽  
Artur Paiva Coutinho ◽  
Laurent Lassabatere ◽  
Severino Martins dos Santos Neto ◽  
Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Permeable Pavements

Abstract The permeable pavement is a compensatory drainage technique for urban waters that aims to control runoff and to ensure ideal hydrological conditions. This work had as main objectives to evaluate the infiltration capacity of a permeable pavement (PP) at real scale, through analytical and numerical modeling. It relies on water infiltration experiments and related modeling for the hydrodynamic characterization of the coating layer (saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks , and sorptivity, S). A large panel of analytical and numerical models was considered, and several estimates were obtained. Then, the criteria for the evaluation of the maintenance requirement of the permeable pavements were computed for all the Ks -estimates considering the NCRS standards (assessment of permeability levels). The results indicated nice fits and accurate estimates for both the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the sorptivity. However, the Ks -estimates depended on the considered model and led to contrasting results in terms of classification. For 8 of the 9 models, the value of the Ks -estimate leads to the classification of “Group A” of the NCRS soil classification, meaning a very permeable material. In contrasts, the last method (numerical inverse modeling) classified the permeable pavement as “Group D”, i.e., soils with low permeability. Those results show the importance of the selection of characterization methods regarding the assessment of the hydrological classification of permeable pavements.

The Study of Surfactant Effect on Soil Water Infiltration

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1946-1949
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Li ◽  
Tian Wei Qian ◽  
Li Juan Huo
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium

In this paper,the effect of surfactant to the infiltration and the change of saturated hydraulic conductivity was studied by GUELPH PERMEAMETER. We investigated effects on soil infiltration by three representative surfactants.The results show that the existing of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide bromide (CTAB) and polyxyethylene fatty alcohol (AEO9) would decrease soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.

Surface-positioned double-ring to improve traditional infiltrometer for measuring soil infiltration

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Shaopeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Improve Measurement

The installation of a traditional double-ring infiltrometer (DRI) into soil is difficult and time consuming. It results in reduced accuracy because of soil disturbance and water leakage along the gaps between the ring wall and the soil. In this study, a surface-positioned DRI (SPDRI) was suggested to improve measurement accuracy and convenience of the DRI. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate performance of the method in terms of the influence of the lateral flow of water on the accuracy of infiltration rate, average vertical wetting front depth and saturated hydraulic conductivity. A cylindrical soil column was used to simulate the ideal ring infiltrometer (IRI) of the one-dimensional vertical infiltration process for comparison purposes. Experimental results indicated that the infiltration rates measured by the SPDRI and IRI were nearly identical, with maximum relative error (RE) of 18.75%. The vertical wetting front depth of the SPDRI was nearly identical to that of the IRI, with proportional coefficients of 0.97 and R2 > 0.95. Comparison of the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity with those from IRI indicated that the REs were 7.05–10.63% for the SPDRI. Experimental results demonstrated that the SPDRI could improve the measurement accuracy and facilitate the soil water infiltration measurement process.

Characterizing and linking macropore structure characteristics to water infiltration in stony soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiting Dai ◽  
Yiwen Zhou ◽  
Zhaoxia Li ◽  
Tianwei Wang ◽  
Jun Deng
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Central China ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Macropore Structure

<p>Macropores have been widely recognized as preferential pathways for the rapid movement of water into soils. The objectives of this study were to characterize soil macropore structures using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and to explore the relationships between macropore characteristics and hydraulic properties of stony soils. To achieve these, a total of 18 soil columns were sampled from six sites (three sites covered with grass and three sites with forest) with stony soils located in a mountain watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Central China. Field infiltration experiments were carried out at the sampling sites under near-saturated conditions using a tension disc infiltrometer. The three-dimensional macropore structures were visualized from X-ray CT images, and total macroporosity, connected macroporosity, macropore density, specific surface area, degree of anisotropy, fractal dimension, and hydraulic radius were characterized. The results showed that the largest total macroporosity and connected macroporosity were observed at forest sites. The macropore structure with high connectivity could facilitate greater water infiltration into the soils. The near-saturated hydraulic conductivity Kh was significantly higher at the forest sites than at the grassland sites at four water pressure heads. The stony soils studied had heterogenous macropore systems with large and well-connected macropores. The macroporosity of macropores with equivalent diameters between 0.5 and 2 mm was found best to predict the near-saturated hydraulic conductivity. Our study provides a helpful technique for a better understanding of stony soil macropores and hydraulic properties by a combination of 3D visualization methods and traditional hydraulic analysis.</p>

scholarly journals SPATIALIZATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND PHYSICAL HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT USES IN AN ALLUVIAL VALLEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233
Author(s):  
Iug Lopes ◽  
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
River Bank

ABSTRACT Evaluating spatial variability of hydraulic properties and salinity of soils is important for an adequate agricultural management of alluvial soils, and protection of riparian vegetation. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of geophysical techniques for indirect measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), using an electromagnetic induction equipment (EM38®), and soil physical hydraulic parameters and their spatial interrelations. The study was carried out at the Advanced Research Unit of the UFRPE, in the Brígida River Basin, in Panamirim, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, in the second half of 2016. This river had a 100 m wide riparian forest strip transversely to the river bank on both sides of the river. A regular 20×10 m grid with 80 points was used to evaluate the soil hydraulic conductivity and ECa. The geostatistics showed the spatial dependence and the dependence of the soil attributes, their spatialization, and precise mapping through indirect readings. Most of the variability (86%) in soil electrical conductivity was explained by indirect readings using the EM38®. Ranges of 80 m, 380 m, and 134 m were found for soil moisture, ECa, and hydraulic conductivity, respectively, presenting strong spatial dependence. The results showed the importance of riparian forests to the maintenance of soil moisture and porosity to the improvement of soil water infiltration capacity even under severe water deficit conditions and soil subsurface layers.

Soil physical and hydraulic properties affected by topsoil thickness in switchgrass and row crop management systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Syaharudin Bin Zaibon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Crop Management Systems ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Degraded claypan landscapes can be seen as a potential resource for bioenergy production. Therefore, an important decision needs to be made to determine where claypan landscapes for grain crops and perennial grasses can be planted to increase production and to minimize economic and environmental risks. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effects of reduced topsoil thickness and perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) vs.a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on soil bulk density ([subscript p]b), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soil water retention, and pore size distributions; (ii) to assess the influence of topsoil thickness on water infiltration in claypan soils for row crop and switchgrass production systems; and (iii) to determine the effect of topsoil thickness on soil thermal properties for switchgrass and row crop management systems. The experiment was carried out at the Soil Productivity Assessment for Renewable Energy and Conservation (SPARC) plots at the University of Missouri South Farm Research Center. Plots were recreated in 2009 with four levels of topsoil thickness (4, 11, 22, and 36 cm) on a Mexico silt loam (Vertic Epiaqualfs). Every plot was planted with either switchgrass or a corn-soybean rotation. The first objective results showed that soil under switchgrass had 53 and 27 percent higher macroporosity (greater than 1000 [mu]m diameter) and coarse mesoporosity (60-1000 [mu]m diameter), respectively, than row crop management. This caused 73 percent greater Ksat and 11 percent higher water content at saturation than row crop management. Thicker topsoil treatments (TopC and TopD) had constantly lower ρb and greater Ksat than the shallow topsoil treatments (TopA and TopB) for all sampling depths. Results from the second objective indicated that switchgrass planted on degraded soil (shallow topsoil treatment) resulted in greater Ks (estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity), S (sorptivity), qs (quasi-steady infiltration rate) and Kfs (field-saturated hydraulic conductivity) values than with row crop management for both 2014 and 2015 measurement years. Results for selected mean frequencies of 24-hour USDA-NRCS Type II storms showed that switchgrass increased estimated water infiltration, reduced estimated runoff, and decreased estimated time from water ponding to end of ponding compared with row crop management. The results of the third objective revealed that the switchgrass treatment had significantly higher SOC (soil organic carbon), greater [superscript 0] (water content) and lower [superscript p]b than the row crop treatment which resulted in decreased [lambda] (thermal conductivity) and D (thermal diffusivity) as well as increased Cv (volumetric heat capacity). The shallow topsoil thickness had greater thermal properties ([superscript lambda], D and Cv) than deep topsoil thickness due to higher concentration of smectitic clay in the surface soil horizon. Results of these studies imply that establishment of switchgrass on degraded land can improve soil physical, hydraulic and thermal properties and may enhance the productivity of degraded claypan soils, while supplying biofuel feedstocks.

scholarly journals Investigation of soil water infiltration at a scale of individual earthworm channels

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
I. Pelíšek
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Vertical Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Soil Conductivity

This study focused on the hydraulic efficiency of vertical earthworm channels (henceforth referred to as macropores or channels). The parameters selected for investigation were the rate of change in hydraulic soil conductivity in the channel walls due to compaction, the rate of this compaction, and the wall stability against running and stagnant water. We preferentially tested the variants for infiltration of water flowing from the soil horizons against gravity (e.g. from the level of installation of tile and controlled drainage). The details of influx and infiltration processes were examined both in the field and more thoroughly in the laboratory using an accurate continuous infiltrometer constructed at the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (RISWC), Czech Republic. Both direct measurements and indirect evidence consisted of tests of individual natural macropores directly in the field, as well as tests of intact collected samples and artificial samples with variants of natural, artificially extruded, and cut out tubular macropores. We studied the processes occurring in macropores with diameters of ca. 5 mm and larger. In these particular conditions, we identified the apparent saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>s</sub>') of the soil horizons (including macropore-mediated vertical surface infiltration and preferential flow to soil followed by radial infiltration) most frequent as K<sub>i</sub> (apparent saturated hydraulic conductivity affected by preferential flow or influx of water) from 50 to 200 cm/h. In some cases, saturated hydraulic conductivity of earthworm channel walls (K<sub>sw</sub>) was reduced in the order of tens of percent compared with matrix K<sub>s</sub>. The increase of bulk density of soil (ρ<sub>d</sub>) in the macropore vicinity reached the maximum of 25%. The intensity of macropore wall erosion (i<sub>er</sub>) ranged from 0 to 70 mg/min/dm<sup>2</sup>.

scholarly journals Effects of polyacrylamide molecular weight and mass concentration on water transport characteristics of iron tailings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Sun ◽  
Chunjuan Lyu ◽  
Rutian Bi ◽  
Lu Xia ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Saturated Water Content

AbstractIron tailings have few macropores which severely inhibit infiltration and transport of soil water. Polyacrylamide (PAM) can regulate soil water, but it is rarely used when remediating tailings matrix. In this research, PAM of four molecular weights of 300w, 600w, 800w, and 1000w were selected as amendments, and were each applied at five mass concentrations of 0% (CK), 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.16% to observe their effects on water transport in iron tailings using column simulations in the laboratory. After adding PAM, the water retention and saturated water content of iron tailings increased significantly (P < 0.05). With increases in PAM molecular weight and mass concentration, the saturated hydraulic conductivity showed a downward trend, but the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased after a dry–wet cycle. With the increase of PAM mass concentration, adding PAM of 1000w molecular weight to iron tailing decreased infiltration capacity, but treatments of other molecular weights all initially increased then decreased infiltration capacity. The greatest improvement on infiltration capacity of iron tailings was observed with the addition of PAM of 300w molecular weight and 0.01% mass concentration. Adding PAM increased the vertical depth of the saturation zone of iron tailings (P < 0.05) with a maximum depth of 20.83 cm. The Kostiakov model more accurately simulated water infiltration of iron tailings compared with the Horton and Philip models. On the whole, when PAM of low molecular weight and concentration was added to iron tailings, PAM increased stable infiltration, saturated water content, and water retention. It also inhibited saturated hydraulic conductivity of iron tailings. Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to select the appropriate molecular weight and mass concentration of PAM according to the dominant limiting factors and remediation needs of the matrix.

scholarly journals Heat transfer by seepage in sand: Influence of saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Yaser Ghafoori ◽  
Matej Maček ◽  
Andrej Vidmar ◽  
Jaromír Říha ◽  
Andrej Kryžanowski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensor

Heat transfer within the soil is a complex process in the presence of seepage flow. In such conditions, the soil’s thermal behavior is influenced by the thermal and hydraulic properties of the medium as well as the initial conditions and boundary conditions to which the medium is subjected. This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies of heat transfer within the sand subjected to the seepage flow. It focuses on the influence of saturated hydraulic conductivity and the porosity of medium on the heat transfer process. The temperature distribution within the sand was monitored by the optical fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS). The experiment was performed on three types of silica-dominated sands with different saturated hydraulic conductivities and different Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC). In addition to the experimental study, a coupled hydrothermal numerical model was designed in FEFLOW software and validated by comparing its results with the experimental measurements. To determine the influence of porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity on heat transfer, we analyzed the numerical models for different values of porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The numerical and experimental studies showed that the thermal velocity is higher in sand with higher saturated hydraulic conductivity and temperature declination occurs more quickly due to the heat convection process. Saturated sand with larger porosity has an overall higher heat capacity, wherefore the temperature declination started later in the measuring points but dropped down lower close to the temperature of the upstream water.

scholarly journals The impact of different tillage treatments on hydraulic conductivity of loamy soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Kameníčková ◽  
L. Larišová ◽  
A. Stoklásková
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
The Impact

Water infiltration into the soil profile, surface runoff and soil erosion in arable lands depend on the conditions of the top layer. The tillage treatment of the top layer plays a key role in changes of the hydro-physical properties, mainly saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks of the surface layer. The aim of this study was to asses the impact of different tillage treatments on hydraulic conductivity in the locality Bohaté Málkovice. Field experimental works in this area were performed in 2009 and were repeted in 2011 on Haplic Chernozem, medium heavy loamy soil. The experimental area was divided into two parts; top layer of these plots was cultivated by applying conventional and reduced tillage treatment. Both these plots were sown with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare). For the field measurement of water infiltration into the soil was used double-ring infiltrometer (2009, 2011) and Minidisk infiltrometer (2011). Near the point were the infiltration was measured, the soil samples were always collected for laboratory determination of basic physical properties of soil (bulk density, porosity, initial and saturated water content, aeration of the soil) and saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks. For laboratory determination of Ks was used permeameter with constant gradient.For evaluation of saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks using the double-ring infiltration method was used Philip’s three-parameter equation and for evaluation of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(h) using Minidisk infiltrometer was used Zang’s method. After two years of using repeatedly applied different tillage treatments was significantly influenced saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks. The Ks value increased approximately six times for reduced tillage and more than three times for conventional tillage. Laboratory determined average values of Ks were compared with the average estimates of Ks from infiltration tests. The results were burdened by a number of errors (compaction, preferential flow). These mean values were higher for conventional and reduced tillage. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(−2cm) for reduced tillage was higher, for conventional tillage decreased approximately three times.

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