scholarly journals Public Ethnocentrism. An Obstacle of Worldwide Economic Development: Concept and a Preliminary Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Zbysław Dobrowolski ◽  
Tomasz Szejner
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
New Research ◽  
Willingness To Use

Abstract Objective: The phenomenon of ethnocentrism in the public sector has not been well recognized. The study was aimed at initiating an effort to fill the research gap by introducing the concept of “public ethnocentrism” and presenting empirical evidence from a preliminary test of the concept. Methodology: while analysing and seeking full contextual understanding of the public ethnocentrism the ethnographic public representative’s observation and open-ended interviews have been chosen. Study of public ethnocentrism in Poland have been supplemented by interviews with 11 representatives of public sector from the USA, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Tanzania, Namibia and Mexico. Findings: Studies have shown a scale of willingness to use an ethnocentric attitude when making decisions in a public organization. It was found that public ethnocentrism restricts innovation by disrupting public choice. Value Added: Two new research questions are identified. Recommendations: There is a need to create an Ethnocentrism Perception Index (EPI). The tendency for ethnocentric behaviour should be taken into accounts when determining whether formal and informal institutions are conducive to running a business in a given country.

Open Social Innovation

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-286
Author(s):  
Amaya Erro-Garcés ◽  
Maria Elena Aramendía-Muneta
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public

Three public European case studies are presented as an evaluation of a preliminary test of an adapted questionnaire to measure open social innovation. Findings include the differences and similarities between public and private performance. Public practitioners integrate these experiences later than private. The reasons for engaging in open innovation are different: whereas improving citizens´ relationships is the major public reason, creating partnerships is the private driver. Finally, technologies help open innovation in both public and private cases. Furthermore, it may be concluded that there is a lack of open social innovation professionals that leads to a barrier in the development of these policies in the public sector.

Public investments, productivity and economic growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Murova ◽  
Aman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Service Sectors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the efficiency of public investments and their impact on economic growth in the USA using panel data. Results of the study show highly significant and positive relationships between gross state product (GSP) and expenditures on education, transportation, health, welfare, and public safety (police and fire), and negative but significant relationships between output and employment in health care and public safety services. Inefficiencies in the study are measured using per capita tax revenue and time. Tax revenue has a very minimal positive and significant effect on efficiency, while time inversely relates to efficiency. Design/methodology/approach The present study uses SFA to investigate the efficiency of government expenditures in five service sectors – education, transportation, health, welfare, and public safety (police and fire), using recent data and economic trends. The study hypothesizes that changes in the current levels of expenditures in the public sector have a significant impact on the aggregate economy, as measured by GSP. The study uses GSP as the dependent (output) variable, and government expenditure on the five service sectors as the independent (input) variables. Findings Analysis of efficiency for individual states for all 21 years produced interesting results. Overall, the technical efficiency of the public sector was quite high. The average TE score across all years and all states was 0.878. This suggests that public sector operates at a relatively high efficiency level. Originality/value The current SFA model followed Battese and Coelli approach of estimating efficiency of public sectors in each state of the USA. It allowed estimation of policy impact on the overall efficiency. It was applied to macroeconomic panel data.

scholarly journals Digitalization of Global Economy: A Qualitative Study Exploring Key Indicators use to Measure Digital Progress in the Public Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Frank Febiri ◽  
Miloslav Hub
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
It Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
It Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Indicators

Research background: The digitalization of the global economy is the most common phenomenon in the 21st century. Most Public sector organizations have already started their journeys towards digitalization, and many of them have dealt with their contemporary challenges with success. At the center of these transformations are metrics and indicators used for evaluating digital progress. Already existing measures focus on numerical measures of the presence of digital technology in the public sector (output measures), but do not evaluate the quality of the digitalized public sector (outcome measures). Purpose of the article: This paper attempts to evaluate metrics and indicators used for measuring the digital progress in the public sector. Methods: Three particular aspects of digitalization in the top five leading countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, and Malta) were examined: I. success rate of public sector IT projects (measured by how often projects are scrapped); II. The price comparability between the public sector and private sector IT projects; and III. The relative modernity of government IT systems (compared to private sector systems). Findings & Value added: The findings of this paper present key metrics and indicators that can be used to evaluate public sector digital progress. Policymakers will need to redefine digitalization goals and areas of investments, while researchers can contribute more insights to the individual impact of these metrics and indicators on the development of a digital public sector. To this end, the paper contributes to a better understanding of the essential metrics and indicators to measure digitalization progress in the public sector.

PERUBAHAN TIPOLOGI LAYANAN KEBERATAN PENETAPAN PABEAN PADA KPU BEA CUKAI TIPE C SOEKARNO-HATTA DAN IMPLIKASI ADANYA LEAN SERVICES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Syahrurrahmah ◽  
Ali Tafriji Biswan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Type C

ABSTRACT Lean services in the public sector aim at streamlining the business processes so that they will become more efficient by eliminating useless and non-value-added activities. In this case, the settlement service of the customs objections is simpler, reliable, and cost-effective objective of this study is to determine the process, differences, and benefits of lean services performed on the completion of the filing of the customs declaration objection process on Main Service Office of Customs and Excise (KPUBC) Type C Soekarno-Hatta. The study demonstrated that there are efficiency of time and cost of service on appeal objection customs due to change of office typology from the Office of Supervision and Service of Customs and Excise Type of Customs Soekarno-Hatta to the KPUBC Type C Soekarno-Hatta. Keywords: lean services, public sector, customs objections, efficiency.ABSTRAK Lean services pada sektor publik dilakukan dengan harapan suatu proses bisnis akan menjadi lebih efisien dengan dihilangkannya aktivitas yang sia-sia dan tidak bernilai tambah sehingga layanan penyelesaian permohonan keberatan penetapan pabean lebih efisiensi dan kepuasan pemohon lebih meningkat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses, perbedaan, dan manfaat adanya lean services yang dilakukan terhadap penyelesaian pengajuan proses keberatan penetapan pabean pada Kantor Pelayanan Utama Bea dan Cukai (KPUBC) Tipe C Soekarno-Hatta. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa dengan adanya perubahan tipologi kantor dari Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean Soekarno-Hatta menjadi KPUBC Tipe C Soekarno-Hatta terdapat efisiensi waktu dan biaya layanan atas permohonan keberatan penetapan pabean. Kata Kunci: lean services, sektor publik, keberatan pabean, efisiensi. 

Do professional sport franchise owners overpromise and underdeliver the public? Lessons from Brooklyn’s Barclays Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Propheter
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a number of promises typically made by owners of professional sports franchises in the USA that are also typically ignored or underevaluated by public bureaus and their elected principals using the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York as a case study. Ex post subsidy outcomes are evaluated against ex ante subsidy promises in order to draw lessons that can inform and improve subsidy debates elsewhere. Design/methodology/approach The case study adopts a pre-post strategy drawing on data from multiple sources over a period of up to ten years in order to triangulate the narrative and build credibility. The franchise owner’s ex ante promises and financial projections were obtained from various media including newspaper, video and interviews between December 2003, when the arena was publicly announced, and September 2012, when the arena opened. Data on ex post outputs were obtained from financial documents and government records covering periods from September 2011 through June 2016. Findings The franchise owner is found to have exaggerated the arena’s financial condition, under-delivered on its employment promises, and exaggerated the scope and timeliness of ancillary real estate development. Only promises of event frequency and attendance levels, measures of the public’s demand for the facility, have been met during the first three years. Research limitations/implications Because the evaluation is a case study, causal conclusions cannot be drawn and some aspects of the Barclays Center context may not be applicable in other jurisdictions or subsidy debates. In addition, the case study does not evaluate an exhaustive list of the promises franchise owners make. Practical implications Franchise owners have a financial incentive to overpromise public benefits, since subsidy levels are tied to what the public is perceived to receive in return. This case study demonstrates that the public sector should not take owners’ promises and projections of public benefits at face value. Moreover, the case study reveals that the public sector should put more effort into ensuring ex post policy and data transparency in order to facilitate benefit-cost analyses of such subsidies. Originality/value The data required to evaluate promises, other than economic development ones, made by franchise owners are not systematically collected across state and local governments in the USA, making large-n studies impossible. Case studies are underutilized approaches in this area of public affairs, and this paper illustrates their usefulness. By focusing on a single facility, an evaluation of the franchise owner’s less acknowledged and arguably more important promises about the facility and its local impact is possible.

The quality of care in outpatient primary care in public and private sectors in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Chien Chin ◽  
Sheamini Sivasampu ◽  
Nilmini Wijemunige ◽  
Ravindra P Rannan-Eliya ◽  
Rifat Atun
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa

Abstract In Malaysia, first-contact, primary care is provided by parallel public and private sectors, which are completely separate in organization, financing and governance. As the country considers new approaches to financing, including using public schemes to pay for private care, it is crucial to examine the quality of clinical care in the two sectors to make informed decisions on public policy. This study intends to measure and compare the quality of clinical care between public and private primary care services in Malaysia and, to the extent possible, assess quality with the developed economies that Malaysia aspires to join. We carried out a retrospective analysis of the National Medical Care Survey 2014, a nationally representative survey of doctor–patient encounters in Malaysia. We assessed clinical quality for 27 587 patient encounters using data on 66 internationally validated quality indicators. Aggregate scores were constructed, and comparisons made between the public and private sectors. Overall, patients received the recommended care just over half the time (56.5%). The public sector performed better than the private sector, especially in the treatment of acute conditions, chronic conditions and in prescribing practices. Both sectors performed poorly in the indicators that are most resource intensive, suggesting that resource constraints limit overall quality. A comparison with 2003 data from the USA, suggests that performance in Malaysia was similar to that a decade earlier in the USA for common indicators. The public sector showed better performance in clinical care than the private sector, contrary to common perceptions in Malaysia and despite providing worse consumer quality. The overall quality of outpatient clinical care in Malaysia appears comparable to other developed countries, yet there are gaps in quality, such as in the management of hypertension, which should be tackled to improve overall health outcomes.

scholarly journals Ten Years of Initiatives to Promote Computational Thinking: A Systematic Mapping of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Júlia S. B. Ortiz ◽  
Roberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Selection Of

INTRODUCTION: Computational Thinking is a problem solving skill that became well known after Wing's article in 2006. Since then, several researchers have argued this way of thinking can be useful to all people, and much research has been done to promote the development of this skill with different audiences. OBJECTIVE: To discover the state of art of the initiatives carried out in the last decade to promote the development of Computational Thinking, inside and outside Brazil, regardless of the public addressed and the method applied. METHOD: A systematic mapping of the literature was carried out comprising three steps of selection of articles to proceed with data extraction and analysis of results. Three international databases and one national were included to search articles published between 2007 and 2017, in Portuguese and English. From a total of 468 articles, 46 were selected for data extraction and analysis. RESULTS: Mapping allowed us to answer seven research questions, showing, for example, that the USA and Brazil stand out in quantity of research. Additionally, they presented important differences between the duration of the research, target audience(s) and the tools used. We were able to identify that research has grown in number and diversity. Conversely, initiatives in multi and transdisciplinary contexts are still lacking, and little attention is paid to the public in less favored contexts. CONCLUSION: Computational Thinking is a growing topic of research and knowing the initiatives published in these 10 years of research helps in the elaboration of new research, mainly indicating opportunities to be explored. Especially for Brazil, it is necessary to approach students beyond basic education, to explore the transdisciplinary potential of Computational Thinking, and to carry out research of longer duration.

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