scholarly journals Ten Years of Initiatives to Promote Computational Thinking: A Systematic Mapping of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Júlia S. B. Ortiz ◽  
Roberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Selection Of

INTRODUCTION: Computational Thinking is a problem solving skill that became well known after Wing's article in 2006. Since then, several researchers have argued this way of thinking can be useful to all people, and much research has been done to promote the development of this skill with different audiences. OBJECTIVE: To discover the state of art of the initiatives carried out in the last decade to promote the development of Computational Thinking, inside and outside Brazil, regardless of the public addressed and the method applied. METHOD: A systematic mapping of the literature was carried out comprising three steps of selection of articles to proceed with data extraction and analysis of results. Three international databases and one national were included to search articles published between 2007 and 2017, in Portuguese and English. From a total of 468 articles, 46 were selected for data extraction and analysis. RESULTS: Mapping allowed us to answer seven research questions, showing, for example, that the USA and Brazil stand out in quantity of research. Additionally, they presented important differences between the duration of the research, target audience(s) and the tools used. We were able to identify that research has grown in number and diversity. Conversely, initiatives in multi and transdisciplinary contexts are still lacking, and little attention is paid to the public in less favored contexts. CONCLUSION: Computational Thinking is a growing topic of research and knowing the initiatives published in these 10 years of research helps in the elaboration of new research, mainly indicating opportunities to be explored. Especially for Brazil, it is necessary to approach students beyond basic education, to explore the transdisciplinary potential of Computational Thinking, and to carry out research of longer duration.

The Challenge of Evaluating Virtual Communities of Practice: A Systematic Mapping Study

10.28945/4505 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 039-064
Author(s):  
Rogerio Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Itana Maria de Souza Gimenes ◽  
José Carlos Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Systematic Mapping Study ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Virtual Communities Of Practice ◽  
Selection Of

Aim/Purpose: This paper presents a study of Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP) evaluation methods that aims to identify their current status and impact on knowledge sharing. The purposes of the study are as follows: (i) to identify trends and research gaps in VCoP evaluation methods; and, (ii) to assist researchers to position new research activities in this domain. Background: VCoP have become a popular knowledge sharing mechanism for both individuals and organizations. Their evaluation process is complex; however, it is recognized as an essential means to provide evidences of community effectiveness. Moreover, VCoP have introduced additional features to face to face Communities of Practice (CoP) that need to be taken into account in evaluation processes, such as geographical dispersion. The fact that VCoP rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to execute their practices as well as storing artifacts virtually makes more consistent data analysis possible; thus, the evaluation process can apply automatic data gathering and analysis. Methodology: A systematic mapping study, based on five research questions, was carried out in order to analyze existing studies about VCoP evaluation methods and frameworks. The mapping included searching five research databases resulting in the selection of 1,417 papers over which a formal analysis process was applied. This process led to the preliminary selection of 39 primary studies for complete reading. After reading them, we select 28 relevant primary studies from which data was extracted and synthesized to answer the proposed research questions. Contribution: The authors of the primary studies analyzed along this systematic mapping propose a set of methods and strategies for evaluating VCoP, such as frameworks, processes and maturity models. Our main contribution is the identification of some research gaps present in the body of studies, in order to stimulate projects that can improve VCoP evaluation methods and support its important role in social learning. Findings: The systematic mapping led to the conclusion that most of the approaches for VCoP evaluation do not consider the combination of data structured and unstructured metrics. In addition, there is a lack of guidelines to support community operators’ actions based on evaluation metrics.

Scientific Uncertainty in Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Public Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Societal Problems

Expressions of scientific uncertainty are normal features of scientific articles and professional presentations. Journal articles typically include research questions at the beginning, probabilistic accounts of findings in the middle, and new research questions at the end. These uncertainty claims are used to construct clear boundaries between uncertain and certain scientific knowledge. Interesting questions emerge, however, when scientific uncertainty is communicated in occasions for public science (e.g., newspaper accounts of science, scientific expertise in political deliberations, science in stakeholder claims directed to the public, and so forth). Scientific uncertainty is especially important in the communication of environmental and health risks where public action is expected despite uncertain knowledge. Public science contexts are made more complex by the presence of multiple actors such as citizen-scientists, journalists, stakeholders, social movement actors, politicians, and so on who perform important functions in the communication and interpretation of scientific information and bring in diverse norms and values. A past assumption among researchers was that scientists would deemphasize or ignore uncertainties in these situations to better match their claims with a public perception of science as an objective, truth-building institution. However, more recent research indicates variability in the likelihood that scientists communicate uncertainties and in the public reception and use of uncertainty claims. Many scientists still believe that scientific uncertainty will be misunderstood by the public and misused by interest groups involved with an issue, while others recognize a need to clearly translate what is known and not known. Much social science analysis of scientific uncertainty in public science views it as a socially constructed phenomenon, where it depends less upon a particular state of scientific research (what scientists are certain and uncertain of) and more upon contextual factors, the actors involved, and the meanings attached to scientific claims. Scientific uncertainty is often emergent in public science, both in the sense that the boundary between what is certain and uncertain can be managed and manipulated by powerful actors and in the sense that as scientific knowledge confronts diverse public norms, values, local knowledges, and interests new areas of uncertainty emerge. Scientific uncertainty may emerge as a consequence of social conflict rather than being its cause. In public science scientific uncertainty can be interpreted as a normal state of affairs and, in the long run, may not be that detrimental to solving societal problems if it opens up new avenues and pathways for thinking about solutions. Of course, the presence of scientific uncertainty can also be used to legitimate inaction.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Applied to Neuroreabilitation: A Systematic Mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Gonçalves Fernandes ◽  
Eder Manoel De Santana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Recommendation Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Logical Operators ◽  
Health Area ◽  
New Research ◽  
Selection Of

Machine learning and recommendation systems are tools used to improve the search indices of the most relevant items in large amounts of data that can be applied in the health area. To present a systematic mapping in the area of neurorehabilitation that uses machine learning. Analyze the references of the work carried out involving the theme on the application of machine learning in the area of neurorehabilitation. Search for studies enrolled in databases through logical operators for the selection of peer-reviewed journal articles. In addition, it was verified that the application of the systematic mapping in the elaboration of the bibliographic review allows to identify the main gaps for the development of new research, and to direct to the main publications related to the study. Therefore, it is necessary to promote this area of research to offer this public access to the techniques of neuro-rehabilitation as a form of treatment, acquisition of knowledge, motivation or even inclusion. In this way, it will be possible to obtain a greater maturity in the obtained results and, thus, to promote a systematization in the use of neuro-rehabilitation in the promotion of the well-being of these people.  

scholarly journals Public Ethnocentrism. An Obstacle of Worldwide Economic Development: Concept and a Preliminary Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Zbysław Dobrowolski ◽  
Tomasz Szejner
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
New Research ◽  
Willingness To Use

Abstract Objective: The phenomenon of ethnocentrism in the public sector has not been well recognized. The study was aimed at initiating an effort to fill the research gap by introducing the concept of “public ethnocentrism” and presenting empirical evidence from a preliminary test of the concept. Methodology: while analysing and seeking full contextual understanding of the public ethnocentrism the ethnographic public representative’s observation and open-ended interviews have been chosen. Study of public ethnocentrism in Poland have been supplemented by interviews with 11 representatives of public sector from the USA, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Tanzania, Namibia and Mexico. Findings: Studies have shown a scale of willingness to use an ethnocentric attitude when making decisions in a public organization. It was found that public ethnocentrism restricts innovation by disrupting public choice. Value Added: Two new research questions are identified. Recommendations: There is a need to create an Ethnocentrism Perception Index (EPI). The tendency for ethnocentric behaviour should be taken into accounts when determining whether formal and informal institutions are conducive to running a business in a given country.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing the discovery of software repositories in an educational environment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxing Ma ◽  
Tapajit Dey ◽  
Jarred M Smith ◽  
Nathan Wilder ◽  
Audris Mockus
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Educational Potential

In software repository mining, it's important to have a broad representation of projects. In particular, it may be of interest to know what proportion of projects are public. Discovering public projects can be easily parallelized but not so easy to automate due to a variety of data sources. We evaluate the research and educational potential of crowd-sourcing such research activity in an educational setting. Students were instructed on three ways of discovering the projects and assigned a task to discover the list of public projects from top 45 forges with each student assigned to one forge. Students had to discover as many of the projects as they could using the method of their choice and provide a market-research report for a fictional customer based on the attribute they selected. A subset of the results was sampled and verified for accuracy. We found that many of the public forges do not host public projects, that a substantial fraction of forges do not provide APIs and the APIs vary dramatically among the remaining forges. Some forges have been discontinued and others renamed, making the discovery task into an archaeological exercise. The students' findings raise a number of new research questions and demonstrate the teaching potential of the approach. The accuracy of the results obtained, however, was low, suggesting that crowd-sourcing would require at least two or more likely a larger number of investigators per forge or a better way to gauge investigator skill. We expect that these lessons will be helpful in creating education-sourcing efforts in software data discovery.

scholarly journals From passive subjects to equal partners

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premila Trivedi ◽  
Til Wykes
Keyword(s):  
User Involvement ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Partnership Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Selection Of

BackgroundThe Department of Health and UK funding bodies have suggested that clinical academics work closely with mental health service users in research projects. Although there are helpful guidelines on the issues that have to be dealt with, there have been few examples of how this partnership research might be undertaken.AimsTo illustrate the challenges in joint research projects.MethodWe subjected the process of user involvement to ten questions which arose in the development of a joint research project. The answers are an amalgamation of the user and clinical researcher considerations and are affected by hindsight.ResultsThe involvement of the user-researcher changed the focus of the study and its design and content. More attention was paid to the intervention itself and the way in which it was delivered. This process increased the amount of time taken to carry out and write up the project as well as incurring financial costs for user consultation payments and dissemination.ConclusionsThis experience has clarified the contribution that users can make, for example by raising new research questions, by ensuring interventions are kept ‘user friendly’, and the selection of outcome measures.

Going Digital to Enrich Research and Engage the Public

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Cynthia Culver Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Central Piece ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research

Developing a public-facing website expanded the scope of my book project about pioneer monuments by opening new research questions. As public attention turned toward controversial monuments, I reimagined the role of my website. No longer just a companion to a scholarly monograph, it became a central piece of a new, multifaceted public engagement project. I now seek to inform ongoing debates about controversial statues, and to spark conversations in locations where similar monuments have thus far been less controversial.

Antecedents of Knowledge Withholding: A Systematic Review & Integrative Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-251
Author(s):  
Nando P. Strik ◽  
Melvyn R. W Hamstra ◽  
Mien S. R. Segers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this research is to provide a systematic review and integrative framework of the antecedents of knowledge withholding. A systematic literature review led to a selection of 42 empirical research papers that collected data from 16,649 respondents. The included papers identified 93 antecedents that showed a high degree of theoretical variety. We used the theories of interdependence, social exchange, and social identity to construct a framework that integrates and explains why people withhold their knowledge. We developed propositions of the antecedents of knowledge withholding, which we compare against the SLR. We propose and find that (a) negative interdependence increases knowledge withholding behaviors, but (b) positive versus negative social exchanges may respectively decrease or increase withholding in situations where the default may be positive interdependence. We also propose and find that actors who strongly identify with their immediate team will less likely withhold knowledge from them. In contrast, actors who strongly identify with a different identity will more likely withhold knowledge from their team. The integrative framework provides a strong theoretical foundation for future study and identifies many valuable new research questions

scholarly journals Computational Thinking and Digital Games: Developing Skills With Fun

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Diego Zabot ◽  
Saulo Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Ecivaldo De Souza Matos
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Literature Mapping ◽  
Puzzle Games ◽  
Computational Reasoning ◽  
Algorithmic Thinking

INTRODUCTION: Several researchers consider the importance of Computational Thinking being presented and developed from the earliest years of basic education and, furthermore, that digital games can be one of the vehicles to introduce it to children in schools. However, before developing new game solutions for this purpose, it is important to recognize how games can actually contribute to develop Computational Thinking, as well as to identify which skills have been worked on. OBJECTIVE: In this sense, this article presents the synthesis of a systematic mapping, whose objective was to identify how digital games can be used to develop Computational Thinking skills. METHOD: The objective was met by a systematic literature mapping executed by two reviewers and an expert. RESULTS: It was possible to identify some games used to stimulate the development of Computational Thinking skills, as well as the mechanics used by these games. CONCLUSION: It has been found that puzzle games are most commonly used to develop skills in Computational Reasoning. It has also been observed that the abilities of Abstraction and Algorithmic Thinking are the main skills developed in these games.

scholarly journals Staff Recruitment and Selection Process in the Nigerian Public Service: What is to be done?

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Oladosu Omisore ◽  
Bernadette Ivhaorheme Okofu
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Service ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Staff Recruitment ◽  
Selection Of

The recruitment and selection of staff in any organization be it public or private sector is of paramount importance to the organization.  This is so because it is the staff that turns the vision and mission of the organization into reality.  Thus, the objectives of any organization can only be realized through the effective co-ordination of the human resource (staff) of the organization.  This paper attempts an examination of the process of staff recruitment and selection in the public service of Nigeria.Five relevant research questions were raised and addressed.  Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data collected from respondents to the questionnaire designed for this purpose.  The results obtained showed that merit is often jettisoned on the altar of ethnicity and religion in recruitment into the public service in Nigeria.  Since the public service is directly controlled and regulated by the government, the Nigerian Federal Character    Principle was largely complied with. The study also reveals that though there are stipulated periods for recruitment and selection into the public service, these are often sidelined. This paper concludes by recommending that for government to operate the most efficient administrative service that would be beneficial to all, her recruitment and selection policies into the Nigerian public services should be unfettered. It should be able to absorb the most qualified, technically sound, disciplined and committed human resource that would in turn help government achieve the objectives of governance.

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