scholarly journals Pedagogy and Student Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools in Rural India: A Quasi-Experimental Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Atrayee Ghosh Roy
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children's Learning

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of effective teaching methods on learning outcomes in elementary schools in rural India. Particularly, this paper studies an innovative learning enhancement program called “Parrho Punjab” launched in 2007 in the Indian state of Punjab. Using cross-sectional data, the effect of the “Parrho Punjab” program on third to fifth grade children’s learning levels in basic mathematics is evaluated. This study develops combined research designs of propensity score matching technique and the difference-in-differences (DID) method. In a first step, propensity score matching technique is applied to create a synthetic control group that is as similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of pre- “Parrho Punjab” characteristics. The difference-in-differences approach is then used to estimate the effect of the program on third to fifth grade children’s learning outcomes in basic mathematics. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of the program on children’s learning outcomes in basic mathematics, underscoring the importance of effective pedagogy in enhancing learning outcomes. Combining propensity score matching with the difference-in-differences approach, this study addresses the problem of unmeasured confounding. The DID approach will produce misleading conclusions in the presence of bias due to unmeasured confounders. To the best of my knowledge, previous studies using a DID method for examining the impact of effective teaching strategies on student learning outcomes in India have not made such attempts to address the problem of confounding bias.

Was it worth it? The impact of the German minimum wage on union membership of employees

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110358
Author(s):  
Simon Ress ◽  
Florian Spohr
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
German Trade ◽  
The Impact

This contribution scrutinises how introducing a statutory minimum wage of EUR 8.50 per hour, in January 2015, impacted German employees’ decision with regard to union membership. Based on representative data from the Labour Market and Social Security panel, the study applies a logistic difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach on entries into and withdrawals from unions in the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB). The results show no separate effect on withdrawals from or entries into unions after the minimum wage introduction for those employees who benefited financially from it, but a significant increase of entries overall. Thus, unions’ campaign for a minimum wage strengthened their position in total but did not reverse the segmentation of union membership patterns.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua terhadap Hasil Belajar PAI Siswa Kelas VII:

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Arman Paramansyah ◽  
Ade Irvi Nurul Husna ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Children's Learning

This research was conducted to answer the problem, first, how is the level of parental attention to learning outcomes. second, how are the student learning outcomes in Islamic Education subjects, research uses descriptive quantitative, namely the method used to research on certain populations and samples, data collection uses research instruments, data analysis is quantitative / statistical, with the aim of testing predetermined hypotheses. The results of the analysis on parental attention to learning outcomes, it can be concluded that parental attention has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes, amounting to 0.507. And learning outcomes are perceived as Good (B) with an average value of 4.02. The most dominant indicator of learning outcomes is (Report) with an average value of 4.14, which means that there is a positive and significant influence between parents' attention to learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it is suggested that schools pay more attention to parents by always paying attention to their parents. socializing to urge parents to be able to continue and increase their attention to children's learning activities, both in terms of providing guidance, advice, encouragement, supervision, and equipment for children's learning facilities, as well as fostering a harmonious relationship with their children, so that children will be motivated and able to improve learning outcomes  

scholarly journals Implementation of Assessment Techniques at TK Pratama Kids Sukabumi Bandar Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Lina Mauliana ◽  
Heny Wulandari ◽  
Agus Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Children's Learning

Assessment is for collecting, reporting, gathering information about student learning outcomes. In conducting the assessment, there are appropriate techniques for measuring child development. This research is a descriptive qualitative research involving teachers. Data were analyzed qualitatively by collecting data, displaying data and drawing conclusions. The conclusions obtained from several assessment techniques studied were based on a combination of several theories, the results showed that several assessment techniques had been fulfilled, including: the observation assessment technique for children's learning outcomes. however, there are also assessment techniques that are not carried out by teachers on a daily basis, such as the absence of anecdotal notes, children's development scales, and assessment of portfolios. Some of the assessment procedures carried out are formulating or defining activities, preparing assessment tools or techniques, define the assessment criteria, and determine the value. However, there is one procedure that has not been fulfilled, namely collecting data, educators are lacking in collecting data on children's learning outcomes. The principles of assessment in TK Pratama Kids Sukabumi Bandar Lamoung, the teacher have carried out the principles of assessment such as carrying out a thorough, sustainable, oriented, objective, educating and sustainable way. However, there are several principles of assessment that have not been maximized, namely being objective when assessing students.  

scholarly journals Impact of Equitization on Performance of Enterprises in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 36-56
Author(s):  
Loc Truong Dong ◽  
Tran Ngo My
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Asset Turnover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Impacts

The main objective of this study is to measure the impact of equitization on firm performance in Vietnam. The dataset, retrieved from the survey on enterprises conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), consists of 301 equitized state-owned firms and 127 unequitized state-owned firms during the period from 2007 to 2010. By using propensity score matching (PSM) combined with difference in differences (DID) approach, we find that equitization has positive impacts on the ratio of income before tax to total assets and the ratio of income before tax to sales. Moreover, this study reveals that debt ratio, total asset turnover, and the number of employees have significantly decreased after equitization. However, no evidence is found regarding the effect of equitization on productivity of equitized firms.

scholarly journals Rural minimum living standard guarantee (rural Dibao) program boosts children's education outcomes in rural China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Zixuan He ◽  
Xiangming Fang ◽  
Nathan Rose ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng ◽  
Scott Rozelle
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Propensity Score Weighting ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Children's Learning

PurposeTo combat poverty in China's rural areas, Chinese government has established an unconditional cash transfer program known as the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Rural Dibao) Program. Interestingly, despite the importance of education in breaking cycles of poverty, little is known about Rural Dibao's impact on rural children's education. This study investigates Rural Dibao's impact on rural children's learning outcomes by first examining targeting issues within the program, exploring a causal relationship between Rural Dibao and learning outcomes, and then exploring potential mechanisms and heterogeneous effects.Design/methodology/approachFixed effects model and propensity score weighting method and data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from the years 2010 and 2014 were used.FindingsThe results suggest that the Rural Dibao program suffers from high levels of targeting error, yet is still effective (i.e., program transfers generally still go to people in need). The fixed effects and propensity score weighting models find that program participation raises rural children's standardized test scores in CFPS Chinese-language and math tests. In investigating mechanisms, increased education expenditure seems to connect Rural Dibao participation to increased learning results. The heterogeneity analysis shows that poorer, non-eastern, not left behind, younger or male children benefit from the program (while others have no effect).Originality/valueThese findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation boosts rural children's learning, which could indicate a long-term anti-poverty effect, and that if the program can resolve targeting problems, this effect could be even greater.

scholarly journals Impact of Microcredit on Second Generation Borrowers in Bangladesh: Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Laila Arjuman Ara ◽  
Mohammad Masudur Rahman ◽  
Chanwahn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This article investigates the economic impact of continuing borrowers’ participation in the microcredit programme on poverty eradication in Bangladesh. A panel data set was collected through a field survey for the years 2013–2016 to identify the impact of a microcredit programme on continuous participation borrowers. The propensity score matching (PSM) method is used to eliminate selection bias and the difference-in-difference (DID) model is applied for the empirical analysis. The findings of the study demonstrate that more benefits are realized from continued participants compared to discontinued participants. JEL: C83, D14, G21, O12

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CASH TRANSFER ON POVERTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Deden Ferry Kurniawan ◽  
Hera Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The People ◽  
Indonesian Family Life Survey ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This research aims to generate empirical evidence on the impact of cash transfers on Poverty on households in Indonesia, using the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel data in 2007 and 2014, and the method of Difference-in-differences with propensity score matching. This study estimates the impact of relief and benefits that do not receive assistance on Poverty. Results are expected to find that the provision of assistance (cash transfers) has a significant impact on poverty in terms of beneficiaries and who does not receive assistance, or viewed from a total of two (beneficiaries and who are not receiving assistance). It is found that the provision of assistance to the people who were targeted as shown to improve the welfare of beneficiaries, but have not been able to exceed the group that did not receive aid.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>JEL Classification: </em></strong><em>I31, I32, I38</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Cash transfer, Difference-in-differences, Poverty, Propensity Score Matching</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Impact Evaluation of Remittances for Pakistan: Propensity Score Matching Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwana Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Correction Technique ◽  
Common Support ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study attempts to uncover the biases in the impact evaluation of remittances when the problems relating to selection bias and counter factual are not taken into account. Taking migration as an intervention and foreign remittances as an input, the study measures the socioeconomic impact using an approach which yields more accurate non-experimental estimates in self-select cases through multiple output and outcome indicators such as income, expenditure, saving, and capital accumulation which, directly and indirectly, affect households’ welfare, poverty incidence and growth prospects of a country. Using PIHS data, the study first calculates the difference in socioeconomic characteristics of treated or remittances beneficiary households (RBH) and control or remittances non-beneficiary households (NRBH) ignoring endogeneity and observable differences. Second, it calculates the propensity score and evaluates the impact using data from common support area for both RBH and NRBH households. Third, it evaluates the impact using the propensity score matching approach which replicates the experimental benchmark. The difference in the first and the third estimates reveals the bias originating from the issues of selection and difference in observable characteristics. The results show that after controlling for observable characteristics of households, regional difference, networking and applying the selection correction technique, the average impact of remittances is significantly reduced. A disaggregated analysis shows that the socioeconomic impact of remittances differs by the level of skills. The impact is significant for relatively low skilled poor households but for high skilled households it remains significant only in case of bank deposits. The paper concludes that estimates are biased upward if the selectivity issue and endogeniety problems are ignored which may lead to wrong policy implications. JEL Classification: F24, O15, P36 Keywords: Propensity Score Matching, Remittances, Poverty, and Capital Accumulation

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Venture Capital Intervention on Venture Capital Innovation of Startup Entrepreneurs Using Propensity Score Matching Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Han
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Private Venture ◽  
The Impact

The research expects to give full play to the role of venture capital in corporate innovation and enhance the development capability of enterprises. Based on Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model, the characteristics of venture capital and startup enterprises are analyzed, and the innovation of venture capital is discussed. Next, the PSM model is used to analyze the innovation of venture capital intervention in enterprises from risk probability intervention, probability evaluation, matching equilibrium validity test, matching results analysis, different venture capital, and different background risks. The results show that the difference of standardized mean is close to 0, which accords with the equilibrium test. The significant impact of venture capital intervention on the Number of Invention Patent Applications (NIPA) and Number of Utility Model Patent Applications (NUMPA) is 0.1 and 0.01, respectively. Venture capital intervention has a significantly positive impact on NIPA and NUMPA but has no significant positive impact on Number of Design Patent Applications (NDPA). The impact of joint venture capital intervention on the NIPA, NUMPA, and NDPA is 0.0874, 0.0635, and 0.1213, respectively. Hence, the intervention of joint venture capital can greatly promote the increase of Number of Patent Applications (NPA), especially, NIPA, and NUMPA. Compared with private venture capital, joint venture capital plays a greater role in promoting the growth of NPA and NIPA. Compared with private venture capital and foreign venture capital, national venture capital has a stronger innovation orientation and a longer investment cycle, which can greatly improve innovation performance, such as NIPA, while private venture capital and foreign venture capital have a less significant impact on enterprise innovation performance. The results demonstrate that the foreign capital sharing assessment based on the PSM model can be a good predictor of the performance of startups. It is hoped that the research results can provide a reference for the development of startups.

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